Amakilasi compounds wezinto

ukuqhubeka elinengqondo yomthetho gqwa kuyinto Ukwahlukaniswa compounds wezinto ezingaphili. Njengoba Ukwahlukaniswa izibonelelo ngokwazo, Ukwahlukaniswa zamakhemikhali zibukeke kubonakale kusistimu gqwa Ngakho-ke, i-EBP ezifanele futhi umgomo.

Lezinhlobo ebaluleke kakhulu compounds wezinto ezingaphili: nosawoti, oxides, acid, lezisekelo (hydroxides).

Ukwahlukanisa izinto kusiza kakhulu inqubo yokufunda. Impela wamane elichaza property abameleli ngazinye amakilasi ahlukene, uma ukwazi ejwayelekile chemical izakhiwo isigaba ihlaziye.

Amakilasi compounds wezinto ezingaphili: oxides

Oxides - compounds izakhi ne oxygenic, lapho yokugcina unamathele athomu timphawu. Cishe zonke izici ngaphandle inert ezintathu - Argon, Helium, Neon - ifomu oxides.

Amakilasi compounds wezinto ezingaphili: oxides hydrates

Iningi oxides ngokuqondile noma ngokuqondile ngamanzi ukwakha compounds ababiziweyo hydrates oxides noma hydroxides. Gidrokisida Ukwakheka esashiwo ifomula jikelele E (OH) x wherein E - i-elementi esakha hydroxide, x - kubonisa degree of namachibi endaweni oxide abafanele.

Kuya ngemvelo amakhemikhali hydroxides isici ihlukaniswe hydrates eziyisisekelo oxides (isizinda), amphoteric oxide hydrates (hydroxides ka amphoteric), hydrates, oxides acid (acid). Hydroxide lenye ekilasini compounds kuchazwa indawo ukubekwa isici ohlelweni gqwa, elibangela ukumelana isihlobo uxhumano phakathi isici futhi oxygenic - ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi phakathi oxygenic hydrogenous futhi - ngakolunye.

Amakilasi compounds wezinto ezingaphili: acid

I acid zihlanganisa chemical compounds ezinama-athomu hydrogen eziningana elikwaziyo ukuba dengwane ukwakha zensimbi. Ama-athomu omoya Iqembu okusalayo ngemuva cleavage ngu acid-molecule hydrogen ama-athomu okubhekiselwe zinsalela acid.

Amakilasi compounds wezinto ezingaphili: nosawoti

Zikasawoti imikhiqizo kubhekwe njengento esinqunyiwe noma ephelele ama-athomu esikhundleni hydrogen kuya kuma-atom metal noma OH amaqembu elisekela phezu izinsalela ene-asidi. Kwezinye izimo hydrogen e acid ungayithola enye, hhayi kuphela metal, kodwa futhi amanye amaqembu ngama-athomu okuyinto abe necala omuhle (cations). Kuye Ukwakheka nezakhiwo usawoti leyabantu lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: esidi, eziyisisekelo, aphakathi nendawo, eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuthini (evamile) usawoti kwakhiwa ngenxa ephelele esikhundleni acid hydrogen athomu kwensimbi (seka), noma amaqembu hydroxyl kwi-esidi izinsalela ngezizathu. Isimo namachibi of icala metal kanye moiety acid kumele ukwazi ukuze bakwazi kahle ukudala ifomula nosawoti ophansi. Basuke akuhlanganisileyo ngezabelo yokuthi Usawoti kagesi hlangothi.

I nosawoti acid etholwe esikhundleni ngokwengxenye zama-athomu acid hydrogel ku metal. I nosawoti acid akhiwa polybasic acid kuphela. Inqubo nosawoti asidi Ifomula njengokuthola nosawoti naphakathi: uzimisele icala cationic kanye ezisalayo acid, futhi izinhlayiya nihlanganiswé ndawonye isilinganiso ukuthi akwephuli isimiso electroneutrality molecule.

nosawoti Basic etholwe esikhundleni ngokwengxenye amaqembu OH elisekela noma hydroxides ka amphoteric ku izinsalela acid. Formula nosawoti eziyisisekelo aqukethe izinsalela mnogokislotnyh elisekela noma hydroxides amphoteric zazo kancane balahlekelwa amaqembu hydroxyl, futhi acid izinsalela. Njengakuwo wonke izinguqulo ezandulele kufanele njalo abanamathela esimisweni sokungathathi hlangothi kagesi.