Classics izincwadi emhlabeni: ukuchaza kusifundisa

"Njengoba zabuna afundiswe", "Ngiya ukufunda zabuna" - lezi linemibhikisho ungezwakala enkulumweni yansuku zonke. Nokho, akunakwenzeka singabantwana fully aware of BABE abalobi Unelungelo ukungena Isikhwama yegolide belles-Ama-eReaders, futhi ukuthi kuvame iyisici - Classic izincwadi emhlabeni. Imibuzo enjalo uzokuphendula kulesi sihloko.

izinkinga kwetheminoloji

Ukuze wenze uhlaka nomqondo classical kunzima ngempela, ngoba le ncazelo isetshenziswa nezincazelo eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Ngoba isilinganiso bomdabu, ke lifana ndinganiso ifaneleka kahle kakhulu, ukuthi kuyo okudingekile okufanele siyiphishekele. Nokho, akulona ihaba ukusho ukuthi maqondana izincwadi ngale lezi nemingcele bese mobile iyashiyana enkathini ethile. Ngakho-ke, Corneille futhi Racine zabuna izincwadi zezwe - ngokuyinhloko umkhiqizo zezikhathi Antiquity, Ephakathi, ngenkathi zabo wamukela kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX kwakukhona abalandeli baphikisa ngokuthi okuhle kwezwe lonke Russia isivele ebhaliwe. Ngiyavuma: abayithandayo of Pushkin, Dostoevsky futhi UTolstoy imicabango enjalo kubonakala kuwubuwula kakhulu.

Ukubuka ezahlukene

Futhi, ngaphansi "nezincwadi zakudala" ngezinye izikhathi libhekisela umkhiqizo, wadala yesimanjemanje. Nakuba namuhla kungenzeka lo mbono kubhekwe kancane yisikhathi, njengoba sekuyisikhathi eside amanoveli KAFKA sika kaJoyce futhi Proust, uDali imidwebo kanye Malevich lidlule ku esigabeni yesikhwama segolide yobuciko ukhula ukuthi abantu ababephila ngaphansi abanamakhono.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naphezu nokulungiswa komlando emhlabeni izincwadi zabuna ahlale ezingaphelelwa isikhathi, isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi futhi abanamakhono. Ngisho nangemva kwamakhulu eminyaka, isintu ukhangwa imisebenzi kaShakespeare, Goethe futhi Pushkin, kutoliga nabo izinkulumo ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba ukujula kokuqukethwe kwabo, ukuhlobana kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ngakho, lapho ifingqa: sifaka izincwadi ezilotshwe ababhali? Izincwadi Classics, omisebenzi yakhe zifundwa namuhla.

Classical futhi "okusezingeni eliphezulu" izincwadi - into efanayo?

Lesi sigaba kwezincwadi "amazinga" ezintathu - okusezingeni eliphezulu, belletristic futhi mass - esanda kutholakala. Okuningi ngokunembile, lapho zadalwa ngokuqondile i-avareji umfundi incwadi kuyajabulisa. Classics izincwadi emhlabeni kakhulu sifana "okusezingeni eliphezulu" zendalo zibonisa ukuhlakanipha. Ziyakwazi ezihlakaniphile, zidinga umsebenzi obonakalayo ingxenye umfundi, nakho kwakhe. Nokho, igama elithi "zakudala" lisetshenzisiwe amasampula okuthiwa izincwadi mass, siqala endaweni anencazelo ezahlukene. Isibonelo salokhu kukhona abaseshi ka Agatha Christie futhi Tolkien fantasy. Lapho abalandeli babo abathi kuba - Classic izincwadi zezwe, basuke ebhekisela ukuthi "AmaNdiya Ten Little" noma "iNkosi Izindandatho 'asekhulile asekhonze njengesibonelo esihle abalobi esizayo owayesebenza ngaphakathi lezi izinhlobo. Ngokwazi umkhiqizo okuthiwa siyohlala inkumbulo abafundi, kunzima ukuba yahlulele, izincwadi akukuniki impendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo.

Uhlu zabuna emhlabeni

It sekuyinkinga ukulungiselela bendabuko izincwadi yezilinganiso, ukufunda kuphoqelekile labo abafuna kubhekwe muntu ofundile ngempela. Vula lezi zinhlu indalo abalobi isiGreki sasendulo saseRoma: Homer ( "i-Iliad"), Aeschylus ( "Prometheus Bound") futhi Virgil ( "Aeneid"). Imikhiqizo ngenhla nginamalungelo olungenamkhawulo ukugqoka isihloko zokuhlonipha ka "zabuna izincwadi emhlabeni." Inkathi Ephakathi baba sombuso lokusungula J .. F. Villon futhi Chaucer, futhi isibalo esingapheliyo izincwadi ngaphandle kumbhali.

Renaissance Abadali wasinika izithombe okuphakade - Shakespeare kanye Cervantes. Nokho, kumelwe futhi sikhumbule mayelana Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Lope de Vega, Fransua Rable nabanye. XVII ekhulwini kwaphawulwa Baroque (Pedro Calderon, Gongora) kanye zakudala (Racine, Corneille, Moliere) art. Kwabe sekufika Inkathi Ukukhanyiselwa, kuye kwathuthukisa izincwadi amagama uVoltaire, uRousseau Goethe futhi Schiller.

XIX leminyaka inikeza umsebenzi Izikhathi zokubonisana uthando njengendoda Byron, Scott, Hoffmann, uHugo, Poe. Endaweni ethile phakathi kwe-romanticism ekhulwini sithathelwe indawo okwangempela ezibucayi kanye amanoveli ka Stendhal, Balzac, Dickens.

Kwekhulunyaka libhekene ukubonakala modernist ukunyakaza kuqala - kufanekisa (Verlaine, Rimbaud, Wilde), naturalism (Zola) kanye Impressionist (UKnut Hamsun). Ngesikhathi esifanayo Aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu okuthiwa drama entsha (Ibsen, Shaw, Maeterlinck), ivame ukuba uhlaziye ngokuphelele amasu okukhulu yisikhathi. IKHULU lamashumi amabili ahlanganiswe nezincwadi inoveli wesimanje (ezibizwa KAFKA, Proust noJoyce), inani elikhulu notshwala avant - surrealism Dada, expressionism. Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka elidlule yesibili kwaphawulwa imisebenzi Brecht, Camus, Hemingway futhi Marquez. Ungase futhi ukhulume imisebenzi wesimanje postmodern babé zabuna (Pavic, Suskind).

abalobi Russian classical

zabuna Russian - lena indaba ezahlukene. XIX futhi XX leminyaka wathola amagama Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Fet, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, laseChekhov, Blok, Gorky, Yesenin, Bulgakov, Sholokhov ... Of imisebenzi yabo ezimise zabuna ezincwadi Russian futhi izwe.