Ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukuzwa ukuthi kunenkinga ezifana ukuhlanganiswa kwezemfundo. Yini leyo? Kubathinta kanjani ezimpilweni zethu? Lokho esikhathini esizayo ke kungasizuzisa?
ulwazi olujwayelekile
Ukuhlanganisa kwezemfundo - akuyona imfashini kodwa isidingo sokulungiselela Ochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi womuntu. Okuningi uVladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky ukuthi ukwanda nangohlobo lwezinto ulwazi kuzoba nomthelela Ukufiphalisa kwemingcele phakathi izindawo ezahlukene isayensi. Futhi abantu esikhathini esizayo ngokukhethekile ezindabeni ezithile. ukuhlanganiswa ubuchwepheshe kwezemfundo lihlose kuhlanganisa izingxenye isayensi i eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlangene. Futhi akusiyo nje uxhumano mechanical phakathi ulwazi ahlukene futhi indlela lapho anebudlelwano, futhi ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezithile bantu bangenza ehlelekile. Umqondo ukuhlanganiswa emfundweni kunalokho ezingacacile. Lokhu kungenxa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo. Ngakho, ukuhlanganiswa kungenziwa ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka izinkomba, izindlela, izinqubo, kanye namazinga bamukelekile.
Kungani-ke
Ake ukugxila yi somgomo wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi. Ukuhlanganisa kwezemfundo - indlela ukuthi kuhloswe ukuthuthukiswa ukucabanga kubantu. Acibishele ukusheshisa ukuqiniswa, ukuhlela umsebenzi kwezemfundo kanye nasemakhonweni okuhlakanipha kanye ukuthola isiko idiploma. ukuhlanganiswa Social emfundweni kuhlose hhayi kuphela yokuhlanganisa sciences ahlukahlukene nokubonisa isiqondiso amaphuzu contact, kodwa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu ukunikeza umbono walokho kwezwe elisizungezile kuqedile. Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu futhi ngenxa yokuthi indlela efanayo isetshenziswa maqondana eyala ehlukahlukene. Ngakho, abafundi bafundiswa umbono yonke imvelo iyonke. Uma bachezuke lokhu indlela yokuthuthuka, ukuhlanganiswa is ibe ngaphezulu yokuthola khona ukuxhumana imikhakha eyahlukene.
Yiziphi izinzuzo
Lapha ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni izinhlobo ukuhlanganiswa. Ngakho, uma sicabanga ngesibonelo isakhiwo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi leli lungiselelo kungaba ovundlile. Lokho kufana impahla ekuqaleni kuhlanganiswe izifundo eziningana. Wayesequleka nathishela, lokunguye inikeza ulwazi olumayelana nalokhu. Kulokhu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi idatha etholakalayo zinikezwe ezihlukahlukene izimo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba yahlulele ukuphumelela isakhiwo. Eyesibili umphumela ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwamukelweni ukumelwa egcwele ezweni lanamuhla ukuba ukusheshisa le nqubo yokufunda. Lokhu kunikeza inzuzo eside ngesikhathi.
isakhiwo
Zikhona amazinga eziningana ukuhlanganiswa ukuthi nendawo zenziwe elisekela emikhulu. abalobi ezahlukene ungathola umehluko omncane, kodwa simema wena ukuba ufunde indlela elandelayo sesigaba:
- ukuhlanganiswa Isihloko. Kulokhu, izifundo ezimbili noma ezintathu zezemfundo sizibophezele ukuvula nesihloko esisodwa. Ungathola incazelo ehlukile, okuyinto Lithi kuyinto ezingeni engokomfanekiso futhi okuchazayo. Kodwa kumelwe baqonde ukuthi kumane nje imiqondo lahlotshaniswa.
- ukuhlanganiswa eziyinkinga. Kulokhu, bayaqonda ukuthi inselele iwukuthi e izihloko ezahlukene.
- ukuhlanganiswa lomqondo. Kulokhu-ke kusho ukuthi luhlolo Kwenziwa izinto eziningana nazo zonke izindlela ezifundisa ngazo futhi izindlela.
- ukuhlanganiswa theory. Kulokhu sixoxe eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma interpenetration ezahlukene.
- ukuhlanganiswa Dialectical. Kulokhu, ibhekisela ukusetshenziswa izimiso kanye imiqondo ezihlobene ezindaweni ezehlukene ulwazi. Kungenjalo, ungathola wayengahambisani nokuchazwa emhlabeni njengoba isithombe ngalokulingene.
ukwehluka
Ekusebenteni, izinto akulula njengoba ngemcondvo. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene isayensi, lapho izinto ezahlukene, bebheka umhlaba nge isikhundla akachazeki futhi wasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwezemfundo - akusiyo neze umsebenzi olula. Konke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngabantu abanolwazi. Futhi ukunikeza abafundi ulwazi babe Ochwepheshe ezinhle. Bese kuba khona inkinga eyinhloko ukuhlanganiswa kwezemfundo - ukuntuleka abasebenzi abadingekayo noma abenele. Akubuzwa esenzeka lesi sizukulwane esisha othisha asiwazi njalo ezingeni sezingeni eliphezulu lemfundo. Umuntu oqhuba ukuhlanganiswa lwaletinye tifundvo, kufanele inake kuwukuphikisana ekhona. Kuze kube manje, ukuhlanganiswa of imfundo professional abakwazi ukuqhosha into ebalulekile. Nokho izibonelo ezimbalwa phambili kungenzeka.
Nakhu ukuthi ukuxhuma ubuchwepheshe ulwazi kanye art? Lesi sifundo sizokusiza eseyi! Kukhona ukuhlanganiswa efanayo imfundo ekhethekile. Umsebenzi we uthisha kuleli cala - ukufundisa abantu ukuba bacabange ezigabeni zabo, ngakho babekwazi ukufanisa izenzakalo ezithile iziphetho jikelele. A indima eside kule yikhono ukubheka okuthile engela engavamile. Ngiyavuma, isibonelo ihluzo ikhompyutha Kwangimangaza lokho?
yi
Akhe sifeza ukuhlanganiswa emfundweni esikoleni. singatholakala igxile lapha kule yi:
- Ulwazi kumele kube letindzala.
- Kutfutfukiswa izithakazelo yobuchopho.
- Kumiswa izinkolelo kanye nentuthuko yomuntu siqu.
- Amandla fingqa ulwazi olutholakala.
izindlela ezingafani ezisetshenziswa
Kukhona imibono eminingana ngokuphathelene nokuthi izinto kufanele. Sizocabangela ongakhetha eziningana ukuhlanganiswa kwezemfundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa izokhokhwa kokubili ngentuthuko ezifuywayo angaphandle. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbono ngamandla Kutfutfukisa uthatha izakhiwo ezihlukene kanye nokuqukethwe. Ngakho-ke, basuke ngempela ihluke nomunye. Ukuhlanganiswa kulesi simo siqondwa njengoba ubunye injongo, okuqukethwe kanye nezimiso. Umphumela wazo lezi zinguquko - kuyinto ukukhiqiza kokubili amakhono entsha ephelele nolwazi kohlelo. Umbuzo lokuhlanganisa kwezemfundo, ngasendleleni, labonakala okokuqala ephakanyiswe ezinsukwini lapho eyala ehlukene yefilosofi waqala ukuvelela. Ngenxa kwamangqamuzana futhi inkinga yokuzihlanganisa ukuba bathole ulwazi. Ngemva ukwehlukana ku eyala ahlukene iphazamiseke uxhumano engokwemvelo phakathi imicimbi kanye izinto. Yilokhu enquma ukuhlanganiswa kwezemfundo.
Umzamo wokuqala
Ngokokuqala ngqá wanquma bathethelele isidingo nokuhlanganiswa UMA Herbart. Bona babelwa amazinga amane yokufunda:
- Kucaca.
- Association.
- System.
- Indlela.
Eyokuqala amazinga amabili enzelwe ukuba bathole ulwazi. Nakuba abanye kumele usungule uxhumano phakathi kwawo iholele ulwazi olusha. Kuyadingeka ukuthi umuntu ongasho ukuthi ubuhlobo ulwazi bese unikeza idatha entsha ngesisekelo isipiliyoni.
ngentuthuko yasekhaya
Asinakuwushalazela JA Comenius, sobala sefilosofi sezifundo owayeneminyaka kwabantu bokuqala ukuthi baye banquma ukwakha uhlelo olusekelwe yimithetho umgomo ezindabeni ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa. Babemenyiwe yokucebisa umqondo womuntu futhi wayezijwayele izenzakalo futhi izinto ukuze noma ubani angavele abone ukuthi okuphathelene nezwe lemizwa. Konke saveza ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo Comenius. Yena uvikela isikhundla owawuthi, kuzuba akuzona eziyizici indoda, futhi ithuthukisa kancane kancane. Ngokusho Comenius, ezithembisa imfundo - kwalokhu kucacisa ubudlelwano mutual wonke.
Ungase futhi alethe kanye nentuthuko KD Ushinsky. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele indima umuntu ukulungisiswa ezingokwengqondo Pedagogical yenani didactic of ubudlelwano phakathi imihlola wafundelwa futhi izinto. Uye nomthelela kwaba nenguquko ephawulekayo lenhlangano ezindabeni imfundo abantu nokuqeqeshwa. Nge isikhathi sawo sokusebenza kungatholakala ngokufunda incwadi "Indoda njengoba isihloko kwezemfundo." Phambi kwakhe uxhumano imikhakha eyahlukene ibhekwa njengengxenye inkinga eyodwa kulo lonke uhlelo lwemfundo. Kukhona izici kubhekwe lokubakhipha ulwazi uhlelo ngemibono njengoba ziqhubeka zinqwabelana, ubudlelwano phakathi imiqondo, izenzo kanye nemiphumela yabo, kanye nezincomo esikhuthaza ukwanda ushona ulwazi umfundi. Konke lokhu kuhloswe, ukuze ekugcineni yakha uhlelo ngemibono.
Implementation practice
Okuthile ezingefani ngempela nalezo lasetshenziswa kuqala e-UK ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Khona-ke, wokubambisana izifundo ezikhethekile sezisunguliwe, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Kuhlanganiswa kwelwati professional kanye nemisebenti lephatsekako. Umuzwa wokuqala eRussia etholwe 20-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Ngo pedagogy Soviet siye alalelwa omkhulu izazi ezinjengo NV Bunakov, Vy Stoyunin, BG Ananiev, V bamanzi nabanye abaningi. It crouches kumiswa pedagogy kweSoviet Union ngaleso sikhathi. Wabeka isisekelo esikoleni: ukuqonda uhlelo futhi isihloko logic , kanye link. Ulwazi kumele Okusizayo esetshenziswa okwakufanele aziqede impahla impinda ukwakha umbono ephelele kohlelo - konke lokhu sabekwa ngesikhathi. ukubukwa Progressive yothisha bukaJehova kubonakala ngendlela entsha ngokuphathelene ngokwakhiwa ukuqeqeshwa izinhlelo kanye nezinhlelo. ingxenye yayo wawubaluleke kangakanani kuma ukusungula ubuhlobo zokuphila futhi esikoleni. Ngenxa nobukhulu bayo ububanzi, le ndlela ka luboniswa ngokoqobo kwakuphakathi igama esethiwa lona indlela eqotho. Kufanele kuqashelwe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu pedagogy kanye 30s kanye 50s kwekhulu elidlule. Kodwa lokhu awanakufundwa lesi sihloko, ngakho ngeke cabangani kuhle.
Isigaba yesimanje
Manje, njengoba wazi, kakhulu othanda kabusha imfundo, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ukuthi labo efanayo e nenkathi yamaSoviet, akunakwenzeka. Nakuba le ndaba yokungaziphathi Ukuhlanganiswa namanje ikhokhwe impela eningi ukunakwa. Nokho, lokhu kusebenza kuphela zemfundo secondary futhi ephakeme. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso wamukela izuzwe ubunye imfundo jikelele, amakhono kanye polytechnic. Ukuhlanganisa izindlela uvumele ukuxhumanisa nezifiso nokomuntu siqu abafundi ukuwasiza ukwakheka kanye ukuqeqeshwa ongoti. Kufinyeta bonke ngenhla, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi nakuba isimo ubuciko akuyona ekahle, namanje kusivumela ukuba siqeqeshe abantu abakulungele ukuba ziphile futhi zisebenze emphakathini kwasho inzuzo kuye ngokwakhe. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakha uhlelo oluhlangene yolwazi nokubukwa emhlabeni, ukuze umuntu ngokwakhe kungase ichaze izinzuzo zalo, ukuqinisekisa ekusetshenzisweni kwazo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusebenza ukuze kuzuze umphakathi. Lokho ineqhaza elikhulu kuleli nokuhlanganiswa kwe imfundo.