Conscious - equlekile, ke ..

Umqondo we-equlekile, njengengxenye eyinhloko zokuthambekela kobuntu, emlandweni ucwaningo zefilosofi nezesayensi umsuka eside ngaphambi kokuzalwa psychoanalysis classical. Nokho, kwaba Zigmund Freyd kufakazela umbono yokubuswa izakhiwo equlekile yingqondo yomuntu isakhiwo bayazi (hhayi okuphambene nalokho, njengombana bekunjalo nangesikhathi kubhekwe ngaphambili), okwenza revolution umlando wokucabanga ngokwengqondo. With ukuthuthukiswa psychoanalytic imibono yomuntu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi njengoba umuntu, ngokombono umsebenzi, ukuzimela ngokuzumayo uwela ngaphansi ukwencika ukwesaba bebodwa, izakhiwo kanye, iningi Akumangalisi ukuthi isilwane imizwelo engokwemvelo. Ngakho, naphezu kwazo zonke izinqubo kwemvelo nokunye yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, inkululeko yomuntu ngemilingo umsebenzi indoda iyohlale akulinganiselwe conditioning zemvelo ezithile, ebizwa ngokuthi abazi lutho.

umsebenzi kwengqondo e psychoanalysis

Wonke umsebenzi engqondo muntu psychoanalysis kubhekwa ngokuya 3-izikhundla:

1. Isimo sengqondo Nezokusigcoba (ngemilingo ubuntu isakhiwo) imele ezintathu zokukhulekela sengqondo - inamba bayazi, abezwa lutho futhi preconscious.

2. Isikhundla Dynamic (ukunyakaza, ukuthuthukiswa amandla ngemilingo): ingxenye becindezela yomsebenzi equlekile engqondweni uhlamvu.

3. Economic (ibhalansi / ukungalingani uhlelo): alternation izinqubo kwengqondo ukucindezeleka / ukuphumula, kuncike kuwukubonakaliswa imizwelo engokwemvelo namakhono ukuba babahlangabeze.

Likhuluma equlekile ngaphakathi kulezi zikole kanye izitayela ezibhekwa izici ezifana indima le equlekile inqubo engqondo umsebenzi; ekulawulweni kweminyele lokhu lapho abazi lutho; Ukwehlukanisa imiphumela yesenzo equlekile kuyinsakavukela lesi sifo, nokunye. D. Inzuzo enkulu zonke izitayela ezingokwengqondo, igxile ekutadisheni umbuzo lokho kuyingxenye engqondo equlekile kuyinto ukulinganisa eliphezulu okukushoyo enqubeni wokuphila kwabantu, kanye ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlobene ne lesi sakhiwo, hhayi "elwa" naye noma "Ukuvinjwa" yalo, kanye ngokusebenzisa Ukulifunda ngijule kwemithetho yayo.

Isakhiwo jikelele zobuntu

Ngokuphathelene isakhiwo ubuntu, engakunakile liyingxenye eyinhloko ka psyche (okuyinto ungumthombo wamandla ngemilingo umsebenzi wonke yengqondo isihloko), futhi iqukethe simiso izakhiwo eliyingqayizivele futhi izakhiwo umuntu, uthola ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Freud lisho lokhu isakhiwo njengoba-Id (It). Ngaphezu isakhiwo equlekile ubuntu ukwenza ukuzazisa bayazi (I) kanye super, superego (superego).

I okungokwemvelo isakhiwo equlekile

Ngesikhathi inhliziyo equlekile, Freud ihlukanisa imizwelo engokwemvelo okungatholakala igqoke njengoba engokoqobo (isidingo) nezingokwengqondo (izifiso). Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, imizwelo engokwemvelo isakhiwo yakhiwa izingxenye ezine - ilitshe, into umthombo ishayela. Inhloso yalo isazela ihlose ukuhlangabezana (noma lube buthaka) izidingo / izifiso; into uyinto (isenzo), ukwanelisa isidingo / isifiso; It uba ishayela amandla (amandla voltage) kudingekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo / isifiso. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo isazela (njengoba isici equlekile) - lokhu kungaba ukuziphatha komuntu, womile:

- Umthombo: Izidingo uketshezi (ngenxa amanzi emzimbeni);

- into: uketshezi oludingekayo, kanye nezenzo wayithola;

- Inhloso: ukususa ukoma (kusuka iphuzu bokuphila umbono - ukususwa / nokwehlisa voltage amanzi emzimbeni eyenga);

- umfutho: amandla, amaphaphu ezikhulayo okuhloswe ngaso ukoma nokwanelisayo.

ukungalingani kwengqondo ohlelweni "abaqaphela - equlekile"

Busho lokhu kungalingani umqondo ingxabano. Kwenzeka ngenxa ukungavumelani tidzingo teMtsetfo weMkhandlu-Id kanye Ego. Imisebenzi ingxenye engqondo bayazi okungenzeka ephulwa ezimweni lapho ithonya lawo isiqala ukuba ikhomponethi equlekile. Lokhu udweshu phakathi ukwazi nokuquleka akubangelwa ngesisekelo ubuntu psychoanalysis classical kuyinto umqondo irreducibility ingqondo ukuze ngiqaphele; It is lokuzama ukuhlola ingxenye equlekile of psyche - engakunakile.

Njengengxenye esikoleni psychoanalytic yengxenye engqondo bayazi lokhu kumane nje kuyingxenye encane kakhulu it (kuwukusika elijikayo), engakunakile - kuyinto umsebenzi okuvelele kwengqondo yomuntu. amaza equlekile ingqubuzana kwezinkambiso zesiko futhi kuhlanzekile ngokokuziphatha. Usemkhankasweni wokusungula yakhoibrium ku "abaqaphela - equlekile" - uhlelo ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa psycho-social yomuntu. Ukuphumelelisa lokhu ukulinganisela wenziwa iinthombe engqondo izindlela ukuzivikela.