Design: Kuyini futhi lapho sisetshenziswa khona. Incazelo kanye eziyisisekelo

Inhlangano umsebenzi wamabhizinisi emikhakheni eminingi yomnotho kuhilela ukuqaliswa kwe-design. Yiziphi izici le nqubo? Ayini izingxenye kungaba amelwe?

Kuyini design?

Yini kuqondwe elithi "umklamo"? Iyini imibhalo na? Uma sicabanga owawuvamile incazelo isazi umqondo esihambelanayo, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi umklamo - kuwuhlobo oluthile amalungelo umsebenzi. Kungaba kwenziwe ngabantu ezimele ezihlukahlukene ukuzibonakalisa. Design liyakwazi abakhi, program, osomnotho, izishaya-mthetho. Esimweni ngasinye, bayobizwa akhiwa umklamo ezimele sebuningini algorithm ezahlukene, izakhiwo noma imingcele ukuthi ingasetshenziswa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene.

Le phrojekthi kungaba ingxenye uhlelo emikhulu, business plan, isu. Kulokhu, it kuklanyelwe aqukethe ubuchule ukuxazulula imisebenzi ethile ukuze ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kohlelo. Umphumela we-design kuba ukuthuthukisa imibhalo evumela ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa, ukwakhiwa bento, ukuqaliswa it in a ifomu edingekayo - isibonelo, ngesimo uhlelo lwekhompyutha noma isenzo zomthetho, uma kuziwa kwenta tinhlaka umthetho. Ngakho, leli gama umbuzo, a esebenzayo jikelele e anhlobonhlobo zomthetho.

Yini ehlanganisiwe inqubo design?

Funda izisekelo design, kunengqondo ukuba banake lokho izingxenye inqubo yayo kungenziwa emelelwa. Ngokuhambisana indlela evame phakathi ochwepheshe, kungase aqukethe:

• Umklamo algorithm;
• Lesisemkhatsini izixazululo design;
• umphumela.

Ngaphansi design algorithm siqondwa njengoba uhlu ezithile imithetho futhi amaqhinga ochwepheshe abanekhono kufanele baphathe ngaphansi okuyinto umsebenzi walo. Kungaba lizodalelwa izinto eziningana, futhi ingxenye ngabanye.

Ukulandela design algorithm, abasebenzi abanekhono angakhupha zesikhashana izixazululo - incazelo bento, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze eyiyo izikimu kanye nezimfuneko kuchaziwe esigabeni sokuqala sohlelo embuzweni. I ochwepheshe, enifeza ohlelweni design, kungasetshenziswa njengoba izixazululo ejwayelekile, kanye nalabo ekhishwa ngokuhamba ukusebenza ngqo iphrojekthi yamanje.

Ngemva wesifunda Lesisemkhatsini wafunda kahle, esekelwe miphumela kwakheka design: ke izokwethulwa iqoqo imibhalo edingekayo ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo, ukwakhiwa ibhilidi noma isakhiwo, ukuqaliswa iyiphi enye uhlelo lokusebenza olusizayo into emnothweni.

Ngakho, umgomo we design okwethulwa kohlaka inqubo esixoxe ngazo ukuthuthukiswa ngemibhalo yomsebenzi ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho sento ethile. Njengengxenye yalolu hlelo kungaba impendulo esebenzayo phakathi kwekhasimende kanye phezu harmonization izakhi ezithile umklamo algorithm, oda ukwamukelwa kwezinqumo ezithile, ukubulawa imiphumela.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, emva ukudluliswa imibhalo iphrojekthi isitshalo noma okunye ubuhlobo zezimboni ingqalasizinda ephambene phakathi Umamukeli imibhalo efanele futhi unjiniyela kuyoba esincane. Eqinisweni, it is okuqalwe kuphela uma ikhasimende noma ibuphi ubunzima eziphathekayo ukuqaliswa kwe-izikimu ezihlongozwayo kumadokhumenti, practice. Kodwa yithi laba, njengoba umthetho, kuyinto ukumiswa yephrojekthi ngokuya nokuqaliswa kwalo ngesimo zokukhiqiza futhi isiqondiso kwemibhalo iphrojekthi wokubuyekeza ezinkulu.

Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko wenhlangano bekwi-design - ukulungiselela kakhulu olunzulu futhi ngomqondo ovulekile kubonise izidingo isethi wekhasimende kwemibhalo. Isixazululo sale nkinga, kudinga ngenhla zonke ongoti abaqeqeshiwe oPhethe wenkampani, kanye indlela wemfanelo wokusebenza kwabo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umklamo uhlelo ezingase zithathwe ezihlukahlukene izindawo, umkhuba ovamile angabhekwa Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi gama ekwakheni. Ake sithole ukuthi lokhu nqubo ingase ukusebenza izinhlelo emikhakheni efanele komnotho.

Ukwakhela ekwakheni

Ukwakhela ekwakheni - imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ochwepheshe abanekhono, waqaphela ukuze balungise amaphepha ngesisekelo okuthiwa lelisu lobuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa. Sikhuluma kumiswa imibhalo project, okuyinto kungenzeka kwezinye izimo eyayihambisana imithombo ehambisana zobunjiniyela.

Kukhona zithathwa ezingeni izenzo zomthetho izindinganiso design okufanele zifinyelelwe imibhalo akhiwa ochwepheshe emkhakheni ukwakhiwa. Ukuhlolwa izinga imithombo idatha umbandela imakwe siyakuba njengomquba luhlolo wahulumende nobe wangasese. Uphiko ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuyingxenye inqubo design ekwakheni - design. Sizokwenza ukufunda imininingwane yayo eqondile.

Ukwakhiwa njengengxenye design ukwakhiwa

Ukwakhiwa kulokhu kufanele sithathwe njengehlelo isiqondiso Ochwepheshe abanekhono, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukudalwa imidwebo, imidwebo, full-scale onobuhle ikhompyutha noma emisebenzini yokwakha. Sikhuluma ukwakheka, ngaleyo ndlela izakhiwo bento. Ngokwesibonelo - eziphathelene ingqalasizinda ukwakhiwa dolobha.

Ake silitadishe kulokho zilwane kungenziwa emelelwa design, lokho kuba umongo evamile yokwenza Ukwahlukaniswa ethemini kokubuyekezwa.

design ezihlukahlukene

Uhlobo lomsebenzi okukhulunywa ngalo lapha lingase amelwe design, ikakhulukazi:

• kwengqalasizinda yobunjiniyela;
• e imiklamo yezakhiwo kanye nokwakhiwa;
• ekuxazululeni izinkinga zasemadolobheni;
• emkhakheni design;
• emkhakheni software.

Kukhona nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho zindlela phezu kwayo kungase umklamo oluthathwa. Ngakho, indlela basakaza, owawuthi kungaba:

• zansuku zonke;
• elilungile;
• uhlelo.

Cabangela izici ukuqonda umongo efanele, igama elithi "umklamo": okungukuthi, ngayinye izinhlobo ezikhethiwe yalolu hlobo yizenzo zabantu.

Functional uhlobo design

inqubo wathi kuhilela ukucabangela uhlobo into njengoba ehlukile umsebenzi yenethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo walo futhi ukuqaliswa emkhakheni othize umnotho ngenxa engenakwenzeka ekwaneliseni esinye umsebenzi into. Ngakho, ohlelweni ukupholisa e isakhiwo isakhiwo Ungashintshanisa ngempumelelo hhayi nganoma uluphi uhlobo ingqalasizinda. Ngakho-ke, ukuklanywa izinto ngokuvumelana imisebenzi yabo oyokwenziwa ikhumbula yokuthi kuphela bayakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi oyifunayo.

Indlela ukuqonda design ivumela emphases aphumelele ukuqondanisa ukulandelana ingqalasizinda uhlelo. Ngokuyinhloko kwenziwe imibhalo design izinto esemqoka ngemva - ukuklama yezingxenye yesibili.

umklamo elilungile

uhlobo Okubukwe yenqubo ukuthuthukiswa imibhalo, kucatshangelwa izithakazelo amaqembu ahlukene izakhamuzi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube abaqashi luhlobo commercial ababehlose akusebenzise emva yayakhiwe, izinhlobo ezahlukene ingqalasizinda ezimbonini. Njengoba inketho - izinhlobo disparate of ukupholisa. Ukuze liqine lokuqala kuyoba nenzuzo enkulu, ukukhuluma kuqhathaniswa, uhlelo emoyeni-jet, kwesibili - qeda. Inkontileka kuyodingeka, ngandlela-thile, ukufuna ukusilela ngaphambi lelisu lobuchwepheshe Umklamo ukupholisa futhi unikele abalingani imodeli eliphezulu ukuqaliswa kwe-angabiki yezakhiwo isakhiwo.

uhlobo System design

Uhlobo wathi ka kuhilela inhlanganisela nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala lapho kungenzeka. Ekusebenteni, esimweni esinjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa uma izimo ezidingekayo, ukwethulwa indlela ehlelekile emklamweni kungenzeka efiselekayo engimbumbile le njongo. Cabanga kulokho izimo.

Uhlelo design izinto bungatholakala uma:

• Kuyinto isimiso kungenzeka ukunikeza ukusebenza esithunyweni ingqalasizinda uhlelo ingxenye izixazululo ngenxa suiting ngamunye ubudlelwane uhlangothi;
• uma unjiniyela iphrojekthi onemali kudingekile ukunikeza lesi sici ku practice.

Kulokhu, ukuqaliswa ohlelweni design kungenzeka, futhi inkontileka lisho inikezwe cwaningo qualitative ngayinye ezigabeni. Labo kungaba impela eningi. Kuyoba usizo ukucabangela uhlobo izinyathelo abafanele ngokuningiliziwe.

izigaba design

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlu izinyathelo okukhulunywa, evunywe lesishaya Russian alawule amazinga design. Labo izipho;

• pre-ke ucwaningo;
• ukudala umsebenzi lobuchwepheshe;
• kumiswa isiphakamiso lobuchwepheshe;
• ukuqaliswa kwe-design kwendikimba;
• Ukuqaphela Kobuchwepheshe umklamo;
• ukuthuthukiswa imibhalo ukusebenza.

Sifundza izici izigaba abafanele imininingwane design.

ukwenza ucwaningo

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala - pre-ocwaningweni - eyenziwa ochwepheshe abanekhono ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziya izidingo umgomo we amakhasimende kanye unjiniyela uxhumana kuphrojekthi. Umdlali oyinhloko yalolu cwaningo - ke kuba ikhasimende. Yena yedwa noma ngosizo ochwepheshe abafanelekayo ukucacisa izidingo zazo, izici oyifunayo into eyenziwe iphrojekthi, noma, isibonelo, olwesimanje ukuze bavumelane izilungiselelo elilungile.

sebhithi

Amagama reference for the design futhi ngokuvamile yakha ikhasimende. Umthombo oyinhloko idatha kungaba imibhalo, etholwe esigabeni esandulele indlela eklanywe ngokuhlakanipha ngayo. Esikhathini kulungiselelwa ezifanele zingase zibonakale kakade nemingcele esiqondile into okumelwe kwenziwe lo msebenzi. Kwezinye izimo, umdlali, okungukuthi, umklami ungacacisa ikhasimende noma ukuthi izici umkhiqizo. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu ukuxhumana phakathi kwesibambisene nabo kungaba kwenziwe kule lobuchwepheshe isiphakamiso format.

isiphakamiso lobuchwepheshe

Lo mbhalo, esikhundleni salokho, okhula obhekele phrojekthi. Kungaba ukuqalisa kumiswa isiphakamiso lobuchwepheshe, esimweni uma ithola, isibonelo, ukuthi ukubala umklamo ngokuhambisana sebhithi yokuqala iqukethe ezinganembile. Ikhasimende Ungakwazi ukwamukela noma ukwenqaba isiphakamiso kusukela Executive. Esimweni sokuqala kungaba imibhalo ukulungele eqinisekisa isivumelwano amaqembu 'ukwenza izinguquko ezithile kuphrojekthi.

umklamo olwandulelayo

Ngemva umsebenzi lobuchwepheshe ilungele futhi iye yashintshwa, design kwangaphambilini Kwenziwa uma kunesidingo. Kuyini ongavamile unalesi esiteji?

Le nqubo ihilela ukuqaliswa kwe-project ngokufeza ejensi yokwakheka nokulandelana ngeso izici ayisihluthulelo into, ngaphandle kulona ukubukeka, algorithm ukuhambisa emhlabathini. Okungukuthi, imodeli is wadala. Ukulandela lomqondo design izici into akhiwa eduze nalabo abachazwe ezibekiweko kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa nokusebenza kwabo okuwusizo, esekelwe yokwakheka nokulandelana ukubala.

design layout yi kungaba ukuthuthukiswa umkhiqizo, ngokuvumelana izici yobude obugcwele.

ubunjiniyela design

Esigabeni esilandelayo - kumiswa wesifunda obusebenzayo imikhiqizo, okungukuthi, ukulungiswa prototype yayo. Amaphepha eyenziwe ngo kohlaka design lobuchwepheshe ivumela ikhasimende ukuba enze isinqumo mayelana kwethulwa umkhiqizo ekukhiqizeni. Uma kuwukuthi omuhle, ngaqaphela esigabeni esilandelayo zokuxhumana - kumiswa okusalungiswa zokusebenza.

Ukuqala iphrojekthi

Kulokhu sikhuluma ukuthuthukiswa isethi ephelele amadokhumenti, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu inhlangano sikhungo ukukhiqizwa. Uma kuba yinoma yisiphi isihloko ukwakhiwa, imibhalo kungenziwa ingashintshwa ukuze uthumele imidwebo izikimu i ingqalasizinda ezenzakalelayo ehilelekile ekambisweni. Uma lwenteke umklamo ezaziphase isakhiwo, egcwele impahla, imibhalo, esikhundleni salokho, singafakwa ingashintshwa ukuze wasebenzisa le ochwepheshe abanekhono - onjiniyela, abaphathi inkampani ukwakhiwa.

Isicelo Design Systems

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the ngenhla izigaba design umkhuba kungaba kwenziwe ngaphansi kohlaka izinhlelo ezikhethekile. Funda lokho abayikho. Uhlelo design - isimo lapho ukuxhumana kanye ukuxazulula imisebenzi, abahlanganyeli ukuthuthukisa imibhalo project, abasebenzi abanekhono izinkampani ezikhethekile noma onjiniyela yangasese.

Izingxenye ze-izinhlelo abafanele singafakwa ingashintshwa ukuze uxazulule izinkinga ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kufanele design kwezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye ye ingqalasizinda litholakale ochwepheshe, kukhona, okokuqala, kudingekile izixazululo lobuchwepheshe, isofthiwe yokuhlola amathuluzi, kanti okwesibili, - izimali zenhlangano ukuze kuqaliswe ukuxhumana nozakwethu, ubuholi, abalingani ekuhloleni ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene ekuthuthukiseni amaphrojekthi. System okukhulunywa kungase kuhilele subsystems ehlukile ukusebenza ekhethekile, kodwa kuhlobene.

I ngokucacile-CAD

Ngo amabhizinisi yesimanje kabanzi design abasizwa-computer, noma CAD, kuyinto ingqalasizinda eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyothi ngalo ukuthuthukiswa Kulemiklamo kungaba kwenziwe ngesisekelo algorithm lwenteke kakhulu autonomously, okungukuthi, ne Ukungenela komuntu omncane. Yiqiniso, uma asikhulumi mayelana komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane yabo futhi isingeniso ezingeni ikhodi. Lapha indima Ochwepheshe kubalulekile. ezishintshayo Ngempumelelo izinqubo ukuthuthukiswa design imibhalo kusikisela ukuthi abantu afanele umsebenzi izinga emkhakheni ukulungisa algorithm eziyisisekelo ekuqhubeni amasistimu enixoxa ngalo.

CAD izinhlelo asetshenziswa hhayi nje njengomuntu ithuluzi yenhlangano umsebenzi lezazi ezingumphumela womkhiqizo unikezwa, kodwa nezalo uyakekela ephumelelayo izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Uma sikhuluma kuvulwa igatsha noma ifektri yesibili, ukudluliselwa izinqubo ukukhiqizwa kusuka eliyinhloko noma nge isitshalo yokuqala kungaba kwenziwe nge ukusetshenziswa izinhlelo okukhulunywa ngakho. Kulokhu, anawo ochwepheshe okuqeqeshelwe ngeke zikufakazela algorithm ngempumelelo sokuthuthukiswa imibhalo project, kanye Amacebo nokuxhumana nezinye izisebenzi zale nkampani kanye naye umuntu wesithathu ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene. Ukuklama we amabhizinisi kohlaka ukunciphisa nge ukubandakanywa CAD kungaba kwenziwe esimeningcondvo ukuthuthukiswa ehlukahlukeneko zabo - ubunjiniyela, ukukhiqiza, lezo banesibopho ukusekelwa zomthetho zebhizinisi, ikakhulu ngokuya Standardization ukukhululwa umkhiqizo.