"Bagration" - ukusebenza ngo-1944. Incazelo emfushane ababambiqhaza, imiphumela

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kwenziwa emikhulu nomkhankaso wempi eziningana okuhlaselayo we amasosha aseSoviet. Enye indlela ababeyisebenzisa ukusebenza "Bagration" (1944). Lo mkhankaso ogama lakhe behlonipha jikelele omkhulu besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic ka 1812. Thina esilandelayo indlela ukusebenza "Bagration" (1944). It uzobe kuchazwe kafushane imigca ecasula Soviet.

isigaba kwangaphambilini

emkhankasweni wempi "Bagration" waqala iminyaka engu-wesithathu ayehlasela German-USSR. Ukusebenza kwenziwa ngo-1944 ku-emfuleni Berezina. amabutho aseSoviet ephethwe ukuze ifohle izivikelo German ezindaweni eziningi. ukwesekwa obusebenzayo Ngokwenza kanjalo, iye yalungiselela abashokobezi. Uye wakwenza babe amasosha sokuhlasela aseBaltic 1st, 1st, 2 kanye Izimpi 3rd isiBelorussia. Nge izenzo lezi zitho futhi kwezempi umkhankaso "Bagration" - operation (1944; umqondisi kanye umxhumanisi we plan - G. K. Zhukov). Amathimba babe Rokossovsky, Chernyakhovsky, Zakharov, Bagramyan. Esifundeni Vilnius, Brest, Vitebsk, Bobruisk nasempumalanga Minsk babanjwa futhi iqedwe isitha. a ukuhlaselwa yimpumelelo ambalwa ziye kwenziwe. Ngenxa yalokho yezimpi wadedelwa ingxenye enkulu Belarus, inhloko-dolobha yezwe sika - Minsk, insimu Lithuanian, izifunda empumalanga kwezintathu yePoland. amabutho aseSoviet safinyelela imingcele yaseMpumalanga Prussia.

The main phambi umugqa

"Bagration" uhlelo (operation 1944) uphakamise ngezigaba ezimbili. Babehlanganisa imikhankaso eziningana okuhlaselayo we amasosha aseSoviet. I isiqondiso "Operation Bagration" ngo-1944 zazimi kanje esigabeni sokuqala:

1. Vitebsk.
2. Orsha.
3. Mogilev.
4. Bobruisk.
5. Polotsk.
6. Minsk.

Lesi sigaba senzeka kusuka 23 Juni kuya ku-4 Julayi. Kusukela ngo-July 5 kuya ku-August 29 kuhlasela futhi nezimpi eziningana. Esikhathini ukusebenza esigabeni sesibili kuhlelwe:

1. Vilnius.
2. Siauliai.
3. Bialystok.
4. Lublin-Brest.
5. Kaunas.
6. Osovetskaya.

Vitebsk, Orsha okuhlaselayo

Kuleli sayithi ukuzivikela zibalwa 3rd Panzer Army, elaliholwa Reinhardt. Ngokuqondile Vitebsk kwaba Army wakhe 53 Corps. Ayala zofuzo. Golvittser. Eduze Orsha kwaba 17 Corps of the 4th Field Army. Ngo-June 1944, ukusebenza "Bagration" kwenziwa ngosizo biko. Ngenxa yakhe, amabutho aseSoviet zaphumelela ukufaka ngesinyelela engena phakathi izivikelo German futhi uthathe emseleni kuqala. 23,06 izinduna Russian asebenzelana igalelo main. A indima ebalulekile ukuthi eyadlalwa 43rd namabutho lama-39. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa ngasentshonalanga Vitebsk, kwesibili - eningizimu. Lama-39 Army kwadingeka cishe akaphakeme ngalutho e izinombolo, kodwa emakamu eliphezulu amabutho endaweni idale inzuzo wendawo enkulu esigabeni sokuqala "Bagration" uhlelo. Ukusebenza (1944) e Vitebsk futhi Orsha kwenzeke ngempumelelo lonke. Kunalokho ngokushesha ke wakwazi ukuphulukundlela engxenyeni esentshonalanga ukuzivikela kanye phambi eningizimu. 6 th Corps, elise off ngaseningizimu yalesi Vitebsk zivulelwe dissected zibe yizicucu eziningana futhi iphaphalaze yaphuma emzileni wayo. Ezinsukwini ezilandelayo, izinduna ukwahlukana nokukhubekisa amabutho abulawa. Ingxenye esele okuvela kuyo le uxhumano elahlekile nomunye, ezinyakazayo ngamaqembu amancane kuya entshonalanga.

kukhululwa kwebantfu emadolobheni

Juni 24, we 1st phambi Baltic ifinyelele Dvina. Army Iqembu "North" uzamile esiphikisayo kuhlasela. Nokho, ukuphumelela kwabo zizibuyisela. Ngo Beshenkovichi ezungezwe iKhabhinethi iqembu D. eningizimu Vitebsk laqanjwa ngomshini abakhwele amahhashi lamabutho Oslikovskogo. iqembu lakhe isibe fast ngokwanele ukuze udlulele eningizimu-ntshonalanga.

Ngo-June 1944, ukusebenza "Bagration" kwenziwa esizeni Orsha kancane. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi ubelokhu omunye enamandla kakhulu elihamba ukwahlukana German - lokushaya 78th. Kwaba ngcono kakhulu igcwele kunabanye, ngasekelwa 50 izibhamu self ezinezinjini. Iphinde behlaliswe ingxenye 14 ezinezinjini Division.

Nokho, umyalo Russian baqhubeka ukusebenzisa "Bagration" uhlelo. Ukusebenza 1944 kuhilela ukwethulwa 5th Guards Tank Army. amasosha aseSoviet usike kujantshi kusukela Orchies entshonalanga Tolochin. AmaJalimane baphoqeleka ukuba noma lishiya umuzi, noma ukushabalala "imbiza".

Morning 27,06 Orsha yaxazululeka wabahlaseli. Guards 5th. Panzer Army waqala saqhubekela Borisov. 27,06 ekuseni sakhululwa Vitebsk. Lapha bavikela iqembu isiJalimane, bavezwa ngosuku olwandulela wezikhali kanye nomoya iziteleka. Abahlaseli wenze imizamo eminingi ukuba ngiyeke imikhuba ngokusebenzisa encirclement. 26,06 Omunye wabo waba impumelelo. Nokho, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa angaba yizinkulungwane 5. AmaJalimane futhi ezungezwe.

ukuphumelela Imiphumela

Ngenxa okuhlaselayo we amabutho aseSoviet cishe ngokuphelele Corps 53 labhujiswa amaJalimane angasiboni. Ngu amayunithi undlovukayiphikiswa wakwazi ukugqashula abantu 200. Haupt Njengoba Amarekhodi abonisa, cishe bonke of them balimala. amabutho aseSoviet futhi iphethwe Ukunqotshwa kwe-6th Corps futhi Group D. Lokhu Lwenziwe by "Bagration" uhlelo lokuqalisa esihlelwe we esigabeni sokuqala kuya. Ukusebenza 1944 Vitebsk futhi Orsha ukuvumele ukuqeda flank esenyakatho "Isikhungo". Kwakuwusuku isinyathelo sokuqala kuya phambili ephelele imvelo iqembu.

Izimpi e Mogilev

Lokhu lalibhekwa njengento phambi ingxenye asizayo. 23,06 wezikhali ukulungiselela ngempumelelo kwenziwa. Amabutho we 2nd Front isi-Byelorussian waqala ukuphoqelela emfuleni. Prony. Ngoba wathatha German sivikele. "Ukusebenza Bagration" ngo-June 1944 zenzeka ne wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo wezikhali. Isitha ukuthi ukuyiveza cishe ngokuphelele ngawo. Ngo Mogilev isiqondiso onjiniyela fast ngokwanele guided amabhuloho 78 ukudlula elihamba, futhi 4 60 ton Ukunqamula esindayo ubuciko.

Ngemva kwamahora amaningana, iningi umlomo labantu German lehlile kusukela 80-100 kuya 15-20 abantu. Kodwa ingxenye Army 4th, wakwazi ukuthutha ukuze uphawu lwesibili ku-k. Basho ngempela ehlelekile. "Ukusebenza Bagration" ngo-June 1944, baqhubeka Dnieper nokuphoqa iningizimu enyakatho Mogilev. 27,06 omuzi azungeza futhi wathatha ngakusasa kuhlasela. Mogilev elathunjwa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2. Iziboshwa. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka induna 12 Infantry Division Bamler nomyali isizinda Ermansdorf. Lesi sakamuva kamuva utholakale enecala ukwenza inombolo enkulu kwamacala abucayi futhi walengiswa. I baleka yama-Jalimane kancane kancane ngaqala futhi asihlelekile nhlobo ngaphezulu. Kuze 29,06 lachithwa futhi athumba amasosha aseJalimane ayizinkulungwane 33., 20 amathangi.

Bobruisk

"Ukusebenza Bagration" (1944) kuhilela ukwakheka South "izimpiko" emikhulu imvelo. Lesi senzo kwenziwa ngaphambili isiBelorussia ezinamandla kakhulu futhi eziningi, elaliholwa Rokossovsky. Ekuqaleni ehilelekile iphiko okuhlaselayo kwesokudla. I ukumelana naye wayenethonya 9th Field Army izici zofuzo. Jordan. ukuqeda inkinga isitha yaxazululeka ngokudala "kubhayela" wendawo eduze Bobruisk.

I okuhlaselayo waqala eningizimu 24,06. "Ukusebenza Bagration" ngo-1944 kuhilela ukusetshenziswa izindiza lapha. Nokho, izimo zezulu kakhulu izinkinga ukusebenza kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni ngokwawo wawungavinjelwe evumayo kakhulu ecasula. amabutho aseSoviet kwadingeka banqobe ngempela exhaphozini izimbuku. Nokho, lokhu umzila wakhethwa ngamabomu, ngoba nganeno ukuzivikela German wayelula. 27,06 nciphisa labetibambile kwemigwaqo kusukela Bobruisk ukuze ngasenyakatho nasentshonalanga. amabutho Key German sebephila. I ububanzi we ring engaba ngu-25 km. Ukusebenza ukukhulula Bobruisk kuphumelele. Phakathi okuhlaselayo, izakhiwo ezimbili babhujiswa - Army 35 kanye Panzer 41st. Ekuchithweni weZempi 9th avunyelwe ukuvula indlela Minsk kusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga nangaseningizimu-mpumalanga.

Izimpi e Polotsk

Lo mugqa okukhulu ukuze umyalo Russian. Ukuqeda inkinga iqale Baghramyan. Eqinisweni, phakathi Vitebsk, Orsha futhi Polotsk imisebenzi awazange ayiphule. Abaphikisi main wakhuthaza 3rd Panzer Army, amabutho "North" (16 ensimini ibutho). Egciniwe, amaJalimane kwadingeka 2 elihamba ukwahlukana. ukusebenza Polotskaya alikapheli endaweni ekuchithweni njengasemsebenzini Vitebsk. Nokho, uvunyelwe ukuphuca isiphephelo isitha, ujantshi okuhlangana kuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, usongo isusiwe 1st Baltic Front kanye iqembu wamabutho "North" ziye indiva kusukela eningizimu, okwakuhilela flanker.

I baleka weZempi 4th

Ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe ezinhlangothini eningizimu nasenyakatho eduze Bobruisk futhi Vitebsk amaJalimane bavaleleka isikwele. udonga Eastern kwakhiwa Drut River, Western - Berezina. Kusukela ukusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu kwakungamadodana amasosha aseSoviet. Entshonalanga Minsk sasikhona. Lokho amagalelo eyinhloko amabutho aseSoviet okuhloswe kulesi siqondiso. On the ezinhlangothini of the Army 4th empeleni akanalo lolo ikhava. Gene. Tippelskirch isizinda ngaphambilini ukuhoxa yonkana Berezina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, saba ukusebenzisa umgwaqo owubhuqu kusukela Mogilev. Ngokusho kwebhuloho kuphela amabutho aseJalimane wazama ukuhamba ogwini olusentshonalanga, ibhekene njalo umlilo ekuhlaseleni and attack izindiza. Ngokulawula owela kwakudingeka abhekane nesimiso amaphoyisa ezempi, kodwa yena wasuka umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso indawo babe abashokobezi asebenzayo. Babechitha kokuhlasela njalo izikhundla German. Isimo ngoba isitha kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga iqiniso lokuthi ngu funneling izingxenye bajoyine iqembu evela ezingxenyeni ephukile nakwezinye izici, kuhlanganise aphume Vitebsk. Kule ndaba, ukubaleka weZempi 4th yayincane futhi kwakuhambisana ukulahlekelwa elikhulu.

Le mpi ohlangothini lwaseningizimu Minsk

Esikhathini okuhlaselayo babehola amaqembu mobile - armored, amayunithi ngomshini nabamahhashi-ngomshini. Ingxenye Pliev intuthuko fast ngokwanele ukuqala Slutsk. Umuzi iqembu lakhe kwesokunxele kusihlwa 29,06. Ngenxa yokuthi phambi 1st isi-Byelorussian amaJalimane phambi balahlekelwa esindayo, banayo ukumelana kancane. Slutsk waziphendulela kwakwakhe 35 th futhi 102 ukwahlukana th. Baye bahlela ukumelana. Pliev ke lahlasela ezinhlangothini ezintathu kanyekanye. Lokhu kuhlasela kube yimpumelelo, futhi 11 ekuseni 30,06 edolobheni yaxazululeka lamaJalimane. Ngu 2 Julayi ihhashi-ngomshini amayunithi Pliev wathatha Shults, wayinquma iqembu indlela eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ukufohla kwenziwa ngokushesha ngokwanele. I ukumelana wayenethonya lamancane angahlelekile amaJalimane.

Impi ye-Minsk

Ukuze phambili zaqala ukufika izinqolobane mobile amaJalimane. Bakhandwa etholakala ngokuyinhloko isebenze e-Ukraine izingxenye. Kwaqale kwafika 5th Panzer Division. Lalimelela olukhulu, ikhumbula yokuthi phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlule, yacishe babengazange bahlanganyele empini. Lesi sigaba kwaba ifakwe kahle, futhi rearmed kwagcizelela 505th Ibutho esindayo. Nokho, iphuzu ezibuthakathaka isitha lapha kwaba njengesosha elihamba phansi. Lalinama noma ukuvikelwa, noma abaye balahlekelwa kakhulu ukwahlukana. Ohlangothini ntshonalanga Minsk waphasisa impi sina. Emathangini avuzayo limenyezelwe ayizitha Ukuqedwa umshini Soviet 295. Nokho, akungabazeki ukuthi baye bona ngokwabo balahlekelwa sina. Lolu phiko 5th lancipha 18 amathangi kwalahleka zonke "amahlosi" 505 Battalion. Ngakho, lesi sithako walahlekelwa ikhono layo ukuthonya inkambo impi. 2nd Guards. 1 July Corps wasondela emaphethelweni Minsk. Hamba emhlabeni, wasihlephula, wawuyisa emzini kusukela enyakatho-ntshonalanga ohlangothini. Ngasikhathi sinye kusukela eningizimu kwaba Rokossovskogo lamabutho kusukela enyakatho - 5 Panzer Army, futhi kusukela empumalanga - amaqembu ahlangene izingalo amabutho. Minsk ukuzivikela akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Umuzi yabhidlika kabana amaJalimane kudala njengoba 1941. Nezithasiselo ayesebuyela ohlabayo izindawo.

Ukuwa Army 4th

Iqembu German esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe kodwa namanje Uzame ifohle iye ngasenkosini entshonalanga. AmaNazi ngisho empini ngocelemba. Umyalo we Army 4th, wabalekela entshonalanga, ukuze ukulawula langempela esibonise esikhundleni ngemuva Tippelskirch ikhanda ka-12 Army Corps Mueller. Julayi 8-9 ukumelana German ku Minsk "imbiza" yagcina ngobugebengu. izinombolo kuze kufinyelele 12 yathatha yokuhlanza: amayunithi njalo, kanye abashokobezi kuthiwa neutralized emahlathini ngamaqembu amancane lesitha. Ngemva le mpi kusukela empumalanga Minsk iphelile.

umlenze wesibili

Ngemva kokuphothulwa esigabeni sokuqala ukusebenza "Bagration" (1944), ukukhuluma kancane, esiphezulu Kusolwa ngibopha baphumelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ibutho lamaJalimane wazama ukubuyisela phambi. In esigabeni sesibili amayunithi Soviet kwadingeka ukuba alwe no-amaJalimane izinqolobane. Imihlahlandlela bebutho Third Reich sika ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona izinguquko kwabasebenzi. Ngemva ukuxoshwa amaJalimane kusukela Polotsk Kwakuwumsebenzi entsha ngaphambi Bagramyan. 1st Baltic Front obekumele afeze okuhlukumezayo enyakatho-ntshonalanga, ohlangothini Daugavpils, futhi ukuya ngasentshonalanga - ukuze Sventsyanam futhi Kaunas. Iplani kwakungukuthi ukuze ifohle iye ngasenkosini aseBaltic nasengxenyeni ezedlulayo imiyalezo yempi uxhumano "North" kusukela lonke amabutho Wehrmacht. Ngemva Flanking permutations waqala izimpi abanolaka. amabutho aseJalimane Okwamanje baqhubeka counterattacks yabo. 20,08 I okuhlaselayo iqale ngo Tukums kusukela empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Isikhathi esifushane, amaJalimane ephethwe ukubuyisela ukuxhumana phakathi izingxenye "Isikhungo" futhi "North". Nokho, 3rd Panzer Army kuhlasela e Siauliai kuhlulekile. Ekupheleni kuka-August, ikhefu ezenzeka esikhathini izimpi. 1st Baltic Front eseqedile ingxenye yakhe yokusebenza zihlasela "Bagration".