Ekhuluma kwi-inthanethi. Uyini-URL endleleni, isizinda, IP-ikheli

Ngamunye umthombo ku -Inthanethi has zayo siqu -URL endleleni (imininingwane yemibala - ikheli isisetshenziswa jikelele), esakhiwa izinhlamvu nezimpawu, futhi uhluke kanjani idokhumenti ngayinye kwinethiwekhi.

Uyini-URL endleleni, sesinalo wafunda esikoleni ekilasini computer science, kodwa ake sibhekisise zayo ingxenye.

Lwe-URL ikheli siqukethe igama ezinsiza (http, FTP, futhi amanye amagama afanayo), ngemva kwalokho izinhlamvu ezibhaliwe ": //" kulandelwe amakheli esizindeni amakhompyutha indlela ngokugcwele ifayela kukhompyutha yomsebenzisi ukuthi has ulwazi. uphawu Hlukanisa phakathi igama ngalinye ahlukene - a "/". Ngokwesibonelo, sinalo ikheli kwekhasi, i-url okuyinto izobukeka kanje - http: //, bese uzoya igama ikhompyutha kupitdomendeshevo inethiwekhi, bese igama lesizinda, okubonisa, kungokwalabo le webhusayithi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlangano - Play /.

Ukuze ukuqonde kangcono lokho url-indlela, kubalulekile ukwazi incazelo amakheli domain and IP-amakheli.

IP-ikheli - inamba ezine-Byte elicacisa ikheli kukhompyutha ngayinye ku-intanethi. Kulotshiwe ngesimo Desyatkova futhi ihlukaniswe yaba amaphuzu amane: 207.46.135.183. IP-kheli lisetshenziselwa mayelana nokwamukelwa ekhuluma computer yomngani, kuyilapho amakheli lesizinda ezisetshenziswa abantu ukufinyelela umthombo ikakhulukazi nakuyi-Internet.

Domain - kuyingxenye inethiwekhi, ebheka indawo, ukubaluleka, futhi elethiwa umnikazi resource ngalinye. Igama sizinda zifundwa kusukela ngakwesokudla kuya ngakwesokunxele. isizinda ngasinye ahlukaniswe ichashaza. Nazi izibonelo izizinda kwamanye amazwe nezinhlangano:

au - Australia.

at - Austria.

ca - Canada.

de - eJalimane.

ru - Russian

ua - Ukraine.

uk - England.

nathi --United States.

com - commercial.

edu - zemfundo.

gov - zezombusazwe.

int - ngamazwe.

org - ezihlukahlukene ulwazi ku-intanethi.

Izizinda Ze amazinga eziningana - lokuqala (.mobi), wesibili (imya.ru), okwesithathu (imya.ru / igama /) nokunye. Bhalisa isizinda sakho siqu, ungakwazi kuphela ezingeni lesibili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukudala siqu Igama lakho lesizinda futhi uthenge amalungelo ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ilungelo lokusebenzisa domain uthenge unyaka owodwa, futhi uma kudingekile, isikhathi eside ukusetshenziswa. Yenza zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile kungaba kumawebhusayithi akhethekile. Inkokhelo yenziwe nge-EFT noma ngosizo inthanethi imali uhlelo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi igama lesizinda kufanele kube kuphela into efana nayo, okungukuthi, akufanele lifane negama umthombo.

IP-ikheli kanye kwesizinda ikheli - lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene ukuqopha igama elifanayo ikhompyutha. Kuyi-Internet kukhona ekhethekile-DNS amaseva, lapho amagama domain eziguqulelwa IP-amagama.

IP-ikheli isetshenziswa IP-protocol ekutholweni ukulethwa ulwazi.

Kanye-IP ezisekelwe TCP-umsebenzi olandelwayo, esichaza uhlobo ulwazi zokuhamba. sinqamukile umlayezo ku amaphakethe elincane zosayizi ojwayelekile (enesisindo cishe 1,500 amabhayithi). iphakethe ngamunye ihlolwe ngokucophelela. TCP-protocol umsebenzi ukuqoqa amaphakethe ngendlela efanele futhi ulawule ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngingehlelwa nangeyodwa kulezi amaphakheji azishintshiwe ngesikhathi sezokuthutha umphakathi.
Njengoba lezi yezifiso njalo iqhaza ukudluliswa kolwazi, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi TCP / IP-yezifiso.

Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokuthi url-indlela nesizinda ikheli, kanye lonke ulwazi olufanele ukuthi kuvulwe ukubhaliswa kwabo, ungathola ngezisetshenziswa ekhethekile, bese ufunda ezincwadini ezikhuluma ngale ndaba.

Kodwa namanje Ngithemba ukuthi abanye ukwaziswa okuwusizo ngawe ukuthi i-url-indlela, ye-IP ikheli kanye igama lesizinda, ozifundile lesi sihloko.