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Absoljutizm Bafunde uCatherine II

Inguquko kusuka ngendlela izinduna ukuba capitalism emazweni amaningi senzeka ngokumelene ingemuva yokuzalwa Yokukhanyiselwa yekuphila. ERussia lesi sikhathi kwenzeka ngo iminyaka engu-60 XVIII leminyaka - wokubusa uCatherine Omkhulu.

absolutism Ikhanyisiwe - kwamakhosi kusekelwe emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo ye Ukukhanyiselwa. imibono yayo eziyisisekelo okulandelako: umuntu okubaluleke kakhulu, izithakazelo zakhe ngenhla isimo; abantu bayalingana amalungelo abo kungakhathaliseki izigodi; Umphakathi kumele ngcono, futhi indima yokuhola kuleli kufanele wenze isayensi umthetho. Ngokwalokhu esesixoxe ngakho konke lokhu kuye kwaba umqondo ezidumile "Isazi sefilosofi sobukhosi".

absolutism ayesenakho Catherine besihambisana nesiminyaminya wokuthatha amagadango zabo ukuze bakhonze izithakazelo isimo kanye lesigaba esibusayo (yezikhulu). Bona nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni capitalism ekamu, kodwa akusho acabangele eziningi ezingokoqobo ekuphileni komphakathi ngaleso sikhathi.

Kakade ezinsukwini wokuqala wokubusa kwakhe, Catherine uhlaziyo nohambo kaningana oluya ezweni (Rostov, Yaroslavl, izifundazwe aseBaltic, waxosha phezu Ladoga Canal ke up iVolga Simbirsk). Khona-ke wabona ukuthi isiko labantu wawunje eliphansi kakhulu futhi ishesha, yaqonda "darn izikhala abukhali ukuphathwa" (Klyuchevskii).

absolutism ayesenakho Catherine mlando baye bayibiza ngokuthi "yokuchuma." Empress wafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa umphakathi Russian ngendlela kwemvelo, ngaphansi kokuqondisa 'narodolyubivogo "nkosi. Nokho, wayengafuni ukushintsha ukuhleleka emphakathini: umbuso yaqhakaza ngezithukuthuku yezabasebenzi we serfs futhi abasebenzi, futhi isihlalo sobukhosi yayisekelwe kwamadoda asebukhosini, wona uyisiphephelo eyinhloko absolutism.

Umbono walokho ukukwenzela ukuchuma isimo, iNdlovukazi athuthukile abaningi esekelwe emibonweni sisuselwa imisebenzi European Ukukhanyiselwa.

Catherine wazama iwukudambisa ezingemnandi neze "ifa kohulumeni esidlule" kuleli zwe. Yena ngasibuyisela futhi waqinisa ejensi wombuso adaliwe ngaphansi uPetru Okokuqala. Umkhandlu Wezigele lahlukaniswa laba neminyango eziyisithupha. Chief yeMantshi yabuyiselwa, Berg-ibhodi, ibhodi-Manufaktur. Inqubo yinye baqhubekile nokulawula ukutheleka kwabantu ubushiqela, ekucwileni ezikweletini Hetman Ukraine.

absolutism ayesenakho iNdlovukazi yayisekelwe ukuqonda kwakhe siqu izindaba kufanele zithunyelwe. Ngo-1767, i-Commission obize ukuthuthukisa isethi entsha kwemithetho. Ngo 1775, ukuphathwa kabusha wethulwa. Isibalo izifundazwe. Basuke iholwa umbusi, futhi lapha kwakukhona iqembu izifundazwe ezimbalwa - kwababusi-jikelele. Umkhakha, izindleko kanye izimali waqala kungene Exchequer, izibhedlela nezikole - Order abahluphekile emphakathini. Kusukela nokuphathwa izinkantolo kwahlukaniswa.

Kancane kancane, yonke ohlelweni lokubusa baba iyunifomu, nababusi ongaphansi ke kubabusi amakolishi ezimaphakathi, ekugcineni, iNdlovukazi.

Ngo 1779 yayibizwa esayiniwe eshicilelwe isimemezelo ku kuvulwa khulula amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Abahwebi nezazi zobungcweti wathola izinzuzo ezithile. Kulokhu, iziphathimandla 1785 wanikwa "Izincwadi patent", okuyinto waqinisa amalungelo abo amakhosi asendulo.

Ngakho, absolutism ayesenakho iNdlovukazi futhi uhlelo has a ephikisana kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, basuke libhekene ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba amaqiniso wefilosofi eziphambili zemfundo, ngakolunye uhlangothi - kulondolozwe autocracy, ukubusa yezikhulu futhi serfdom.

absolutism ayesenakho uCatherine II sisonke kwaba nethonya elihle ku-ukuthuthukiswa yezwe: anda insimu yalo, labantu yanda, kukhuphuke igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini ngezimali. Nokho, isimo abantu kwasala nkingeni efanayo. Ngaleso sikhathi esinamandla ongumlimi impi eholwa EI Pugachev. imibuzo eziphuthumayo ziye singakaxazululwa ngokugcwele. Uhulumeni uhlala autocratic futhi feudalistic.

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