Elikhulu kunawo wonke angenasawoti echibini kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela emhlabeni yamanzi - iChibi iBaikal

amachibi Zesayensi Ezingesilo iqiniso, egcwele amanzi ahlanzekile, abe phezu isikhathi esengeziwe futhi elingaphezulu abantu njengoba okubangela kakhulu umonakalo emvelweni umsebenzi kwezomnotho asebenzayo.

Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi isimangaliso kuyinto iBaikal - kwekulu angenasawoti echibini kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela ezweni amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile.

Kanjani ukuhlola?

Siphi isici kufanele kucwaningwe ngokubandakanya into yemvelo, ufana nechibi, ukuze uyinike "enkulu" isihloko? Chief phakathi kwalezi inani lamanzi amasha abaqukethwe. Kuyinto ngalo mqondo ichibi yemvelo kwakhiwa ngenxa anamandla ukushintsha kobuso iplanethi. Kulesi isici iBaikal - nakanjani yasemfuleni enkulu kunazo zonke echibini emhlabeni. Ngu ndawo, ke zingaphansi esibukweni amadamu eziyisithupha etholakala ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kodwa ngisho ngobukhulu babo - Lake Superior, esisogwini Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika, has umthamo uhhafu kakhulu. Lokhu emanzini, iyingxenye Lakes Omkhulu, kubonakale ngokucacile kusukela isikhala, kodwa ngisho ndawonye ziqukethe imali encane amanzi kuka echibini.

ulwandle ekhazimulayo

Njengoba kahle osomkhathi ukubonakala, sekuyisikhathi eside okuthiwa Siberians ulwandle. Ngenxa ulwandle evamile, e iBaikal has amatheku, sisebunzimeni futhi izixhobo izindawo, inhlonhlo ye-neziqhingi archipelagos (zonke iziqhingi 27), futhi isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke - Olkhon - nge ububanzi 12 km yelula ubude 71 km.

IBaikal - isimiso semvelo esiyingqayizivele esungulwe ukugcina 20% zigcine ezweni ezingabangela ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile (umthamo yayo - 23 kuya kwangu-600 m ^3). Giant ucwezana ubude mayelana 620 km has a ububanzi esiphezulu 79 amamitha nokujula esiphezulu, kulinganiswa ngosizo amathuluzi yesimanje kwamanzi kuyinto 1642 m. Kuyinto yasemfuleni enkulu kunazo zonke echibini emhlabeni ukujula. mayelana 740 amamitha - - ezingaphezu kuka esiphezulu kuzo zonke ezinkulu angenasawoti amadamu odabuka yemvelo Ngisho kwechibi ukujula avareji.

Umsebenzi mlilo ephelezelwa ukwakheka iBaikal elisemcengezini, waphakamisa wonke ezungeze indawo 455 m ngaphezu kolwandle, futhi phansi ukucindezeleka washaya 1186,5 m ngezansi alolu, Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwazo zonke imicengezi yasemhlabeni yezwekazi kweqe wakhe.

uhlelo esivunyelaniswe

A uhlelo eyingqayizivele emvelweni, oqondene yasemfuleni enkulu kunazo zonke echibini emhlabeni - lena kahle wacabanga futhi olinganiselayo Ukwakheka ezakhi eziningana kwenye indawo. Chief phakathi kwabo - Epischura baicalensis - Baikalian epishura - ezinamagobolondo planktonic usayizi lwezilwane cishe amamilimitha angu-isigamu, idlule emanzini Baikalian kususa engokwemvelo, okwenza kube ithatha ehlanzekile ocebile umoya-mpilo.

Ikakhulukazi amanzi esobala entwasahlobo, lapho-ke iqukethe okungenani ulwelwe, bese hlukanisa emkhatsini uhlamvu kwi ukujula imitha-30 kungenziwa kuphela ukuvimbela awaboni kahle.

Amanzi abandayo futhi ehlanzekile ukuthi igcwalise yasemfuleni enkulu kunazo zonke echibini emhlabeni - .. Indawo zezinto eziphilayo eziyingqayizivele inhlanzi, abaningi kubo abasekhona sendawo, okusho zitholakala kuphela eChibini iBaikal, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke kulo bayizinkulungwane edume Arctic Cisco. Endemics umthetho iningi phakathi izinyoni eziningi ezincelisayo.

indaba

Isifundo yamadwala ezakha iBaikal isitsha, ososayensi babengavunyelwe sokuphikisa mayelana nesikhathi lokuzalwa iBaikal. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi yasemfuleni enkulu kunazo zonke echibini kwamiswa iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-20 edlule emhlabeni, kanti abanye bathi echibini akazange aphile isikhathi eside kangaka - ezingaphezu kuka abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi yeminyaka, nakanjani egcwele daka jikisa ixhaphozi. Abaphikisi bakwazi ukubona lokhu njengoba esinye isizathu sokukhuluma mayelana wedwa into yemvelo.

Ayikho version esingaphansi asebenzayo ukubeka phambili "intsha" engu-iChibi iBaikal Eminyakeni eyinkulungwane 5-8., Obuqinisekisa abukho by umsebenzi asebenzayo zokuzamazama komhlaba uyaqhubeka endaweni iBaikal esifundeni.

ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala kuyiphi igama kwesokunxele "Barghouti", babengabafundi bokuqala ukuba axazulule ogwini iBaikal. Bona kwangena Buryats, ulimi ukuthi futhi igama manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-yasemfuleni enkulu kunazo zonke echibini emhlabeni. Igama iBaikal - is wabaphakamisa ngu Cossacks Russian, waya eLwandle laseSiberia ku XVII kwekhulu, Buryat "Baigal". Phakathi nezincazelo eziningi izwi - "ukusukuma amanzi anamandla", "umlilo ocebile", "yaphezulu, umzimba obuphakeme amanzi," etc ...

Into esemqoka - ukugcina

Ngisho nasezikhathini Soviet, inkinga yokungcola kwechibi elikhulu waqala ukuthatha ngezabelo iyashaqisa. Njengoba yayakhiwe osebeni lomfula lephepha yayo isigayo isibe hhayi kuphela umthombo yokungcolisa okumsulwa amanzi angcolile iBaikal, kodwa futhi imbangela kwamahlathi nokuklaba ku yayo amahlathi osogwini olusenyakatho umsedari, okuyinto kuhilelani izinkinga eziningi ezinkulu ukuze izitshalo nezilwane iBaikal esifundeni.

Enye inkinga - khona kwabangaphezu kuka-330 nemingenela unomphela zonke eChibini iBaikal ezifana nemifula emikhulu njengoba Selenga, nato iBaikal anokungcola emadolobheni amakhulu eMongolia kanye iBaikal esifundeni.

Nokho, usongo main - umkhuba yokukhipha imithombo yemvelo ezibhekwa khulula zonke izinhlobo inzuzo esheshayo ngaphandle abacabanga ngekusasa. Hhayi ngokuwina lesi simo sengqondo imvelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba nethemba lekusasa elingcono. IBaikal - Idayimane ehlanzekile futhi eziyigugu, eyethulwe Russia nezwe, hhayi ukuzama ukuba ngisindise izwe.