Emazweni ampofu e-Afrika: lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila, emnothweni

Afrika iyisifunda eyanda ngokushesha kangaka. Nokho, kuleli zwekazi elikhulu cishe akukho lizwe ukuthi babeyonikwa Nokho umthelela kancane abalulekile kwi lonke izwe. Kuvame ukushiwo emazweni ampofu e-Afrika, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningana hhayi Ungahambisa ukuthuthukiswa kwaso phambili. Cishe isigamu sabantu izwekazi iphila ngaphansi kwe-dollar elilodwa ngosuku. Ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe futhi empini eqhubekayo wenza khona abantu abaningi sika kunzima kakhulu. Esihlokweni lanamuhla sizobheka amazwe ampofu kakhulu e-Afrika ngokuya GDP lengenako (ngokuhambisana ngezigaba-International Monetary Fund) futhi sihlaziye amathemba ukuthuthukiswa esifundeni.

Ekuhlaziyeni emnothweni

Umnotho Afrika zihlanganisa ukuhweba, izimboni, ezolimo kanye capital womuntu. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2012, abantu abangaba ngu-1 bhiliyoni zihlala lapha. Ubude izwekazi 54 uthi. Abayishumi nambili kubo, International Monetary Fund uchaza amazwe njengoba abampofu e-Afrika. Nokho, kuleli zwekazi isethubeni elikhulu ngoba sibonga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze isisekelo sayo ocebile nsiza. GDP Okuzisholo 1.8 isigidintathu aseMelika. Ukwanda kwakamuva kwe-umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene kwakubangelwa ukwanda ukuhweba kwezimpahla namasevisi. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2050, i-GDP-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara sizofika US $ 25 trillion. Income ukungalingani kuyisici esiyinhloko nokukhawulela e ekwabelaneni umnotho. Nokho, namuhla, uthi iningi kuleli zwekazi kuyinto emazweni ampofu Afrika. Ngokwe umhlahlo we-World Bank, isimo angashintsha kudala njengoba 2025, lapho imali umuntu ngamunye kuzo uyofinyelela $ 1,000 ngonyaka. amathemba ePhakeme isizukulwane young. Zonke izazi ukubaluleka lekusisa nokuphila social esifundeni.

Amazwe ampofu kakhulu e-Afrika

Ngokusho ezingeni GDP lengenako (ngamadola wase-US) ngo-2014, izikhundla aphansi kuthiwa elalihlala States ezilandelayo:

• Malawi - 255.
• Burundi - 286.
• Central African Republic - 358.
• Niger - 427.
• Gambia - 441.
• EDemocratic Republic of the Congo - 442.
• Madagascar - 449.
• Liberia - 458.
• Guinea - 540.
• Somalia - 543.
• Guinea-Bissau - 568.
• Ethiopia - 573.
• Mozambique - 586.
• Togo - 635.
• Rwanda - 696.
• Mali - 705.
• Burkina Faso - 713.
• Uganda - 715.
• Sierra Leone - 766.
• Comoros - 810.
• Benin - 904.
• Zimbabwe - 931.
• Tanzania - 955.

Njengoba ubona, ke uvala top ten Somalia ampofu. Izwe kuphela ezimbalwa emuva endaweni yokuqala kule simo, kodwa manje-GDP kwalo kancane kancane. Kuvalwa uhlu Tanzania. Vele uhlu lamazwe angu-24. Zonke ezinye zithi ezwekazini lase-Afrika abe-GDP lengenako ngaphezu usayizi US $ 1,000. Cabangela ezinye zezihloko okukhulunywa izwe ohlwini ngenhla.

Malawi

Lena isimo elise mpumalanga ye-Asia. Malawi - ezweni ne-GDP aphansi emhlabeni. Abangaphezu kwesigamu izakhamuzi zakhona ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya. Njengakwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika, Malawi inkohlakalo okusakazekile izakhiwo zomphakathi kanye nezizimele. Iningi Isabelo Sezimali SikaZwelonke kuyinto lusito emaveni laphuyile. Mayelana 35% we-GDP unika ezolimo, 19% - umkhakha, 46% - izinsiza-kusebenza nezinkonzo. The main izinto ukuthekelisa kukhona ugwayi, itiye, ukotini, ikhofi kanye nezinye ukungeniswa - imikhiqizo ukudla, imikhiqizo uwoyela kanye nezimoto. abalingani ukuhweba eMalawi yiwona mazwe alandelayo: South Africa, Egypt, Zimbabwe, India, China ne-United States.

Burundi

Lesi simo sibizwa ngenxa yempi yombango insimu yalo okuqhubekayo ezaziwayo. Ngo nomlando wayo wayengesona neze eyodwa isikhathi eside ukuthula. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela emnothweni. Burundi singesesibili uhlu amazwe ampofu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu izimpi njalo, libizwa ngokuqondene ukusabalala kwe-HIV / AIDS, lenkohlakalo lokukhethana ngobuhlobo. Mayelana 80% sabantu lokhu isimo abahlala ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya.

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Lesi simo kwaba engazinzile ngokuya kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho kusukela ekuqaleni uzibuse. Central African Republic amumethe izidubedube, kodwa uhlala e uhlu abampofu. Izwe ithumela kwamanye amazwe amadayimane. Lesi sihloko sinikeza 45-55% wesabelo. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho ezweni ecebile uranium, igolide namafutha. Nokho ngaphezu kwesigamu abakhileyo eNkabeni Ye-Afrika baphila ngaphansi kwezimo zobumpofu. Igatsha oyinhloko emnothweni kazwelonke ezolimo namahlathi. The main yokuhweba umlingani we Central African Republic kukhona Japan, South Korea, eFrance, eBelgium neChina.

Niger

Mayelana 80% wendawo ngalesi simo itholakala ogwadule eSahara. Niger wombuso kwezombusazwe lapho kuchuma inkohlakalo nobugebengu. Nobunzima kuyinto isimo sabantu besifazane. Buhle Niger umnotho kukhona nenqwaba uranium. Futhi, zikhona izimali ezifakwa uwoyela negesi. uhlangothi engaqinile kuyinto kwencika omkhulu lusito emaveni laphuyile. ingqalasizinda wezwe ayiqondakali athuthukile, isimo sezombusazwe uhlala iyashesha ukuthinteka, futhi isimo sezulu esibi isomiso njalo. Igatsha oyinhloko emnothweni kazwelonke ezolimo. Kutfutfukisa futhi nemboni yezimayini i-uranium. Leli zwe ephansi Human Development Index.

Liberia

Lesi simo iyindawo esiyingqayizivele ezwekazini lase-Afrika. Lonke iphuzu emlandweni walo. Liberia yasungulwa by bekhululiwe ngokwabo ebugqilini abamnyama. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwayo kahulumeni sifana nsé nesabantu ongagcini e-United States. Mayelana 85% esibalweni sabantu abahlala ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya. Amaholo abo ngosuku lingaphansi kuka 1 dollar. Lesi simo esidabukisayo komnotho ngenxa ngezimpi sikhundla kwezepolitiki.

EDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Lesi simo iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba kwelinye lamazwe ampofu kakhulu emhlabeni. Lo mcimbi esibi kunazo emlandweni kwakungu empini yesibili eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, okwaqala ngo-1998. Ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho ongaphakeme.

Madagascar

Lesi siqhingi itholakala e-Indian Ocean, 250 amamayela ngasogwini mpumalanga ye-Afrika. umhlaba endaweni km mayelana 1580 eside futhi 570 km ithatha Madagascar. Afrika njengezwekazi kuhlanganisa isiqhingi ngezithako zawo. Amagatsha eyinhloko umnotho Madagascar ezibhekwa ukulima, ukudoba nokuzingela. zakulesi siqhingi esinabantu abayizigidi ezingu-22. U-90% abantu abahlala ngemali engaphansi kwamaRandi amabili ngosuku.

Ethiopia

Njengoba sekushiwo, omunye ezifundeni ezanda izwe kuyinto Afrika. Ethiopia kwelinye lalawo mazwe, izinga lokukhula komnotho okuyinto aphakeme. Nokho, namanje uhlala kwelinye lamazwe ampofu kakhulu kuleli zwekazi futhi emhlabeni. Mayelana 30% uphila-dollar elilodwa ngosuku noma ngaphansi. Nokho, Ethiopia lungakhiqiza eziphawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni emkhakheni wezolimo. Kuze kube manje, iningi labantu bangabalimi encane. amapulazi amancane ezindlini zisengozini iyehla iyenyuka ezimakethe zomhlaba, isomiso nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule Ethiopia babehamba phambili ohlwini ngokufa lamazwe ampofu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isimo samanje kubonisa ukuba ngcono okukhulu ngo emazingeni ekuphila kunangesikhathi esidlule.

Togo

Lesi simo itholakala eNtshonalanga Afrika. bakhona abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-6,7. Umkhakha kwezomnotho main kuyinto ezolimo. Lomkhakha uqashe iningi labantu. Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi nokuthengiswa kukhona ukhokho, ikhofi, ukotini. Togo amumethe amaminerali iyona Umholi elikhulu phosphate emhlabeni.

Sierra Leone

Umnotho isimo kusekelwe zemayini amadayimane. Akha ingxenye enkulu emazweni angaphandle. Sierra Leone kuyinto nomkhiqizi elikhulu titanium futhi bauxite, kanye igolide. Nokho, angaphezu kuka-70% sabantu uhlala ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya. Embusweni ugcwele inkohlakalo nobugebengu. ukuthengiselana Abanengi namanye amazwe Kwenziwa kuphela esebenzisa yokupha nokwamukela ukufunjathiswa.

Izimbangela nokungathuthuki futhi amathemba

izinkinga yamanje sokukhula Afrika izwekazi kunzima ukuchaza ngosizo eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma kwezomnotho yesimanje. Esinye sezizathu ngosizi iningi labantu abizwa ngokuthi impi unomphela, ukungazinzi ngokwezomnotho inkohlakalo usabalale futhi umbuso despotic emazweni amaningi. Waba nendima e ukuvela izinkinga zamanje futhi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi phakathi e-US nase-USSR. Kuze kube manje, abampofu amazwe ase-Afrika ahlale Kugcwele backwardness. Futhi banciphisa umhlaba wonke, ngoba kwamangqamuzana okusezingeni eliphezulu social njalo kuholela ukungqubuzana kwamaZwe. Nge ngobumpofu lapha ihlanganisa isimo ongakuthandi emkhakheni wezemfundo kanye nezempilo. Ngo ukwakheka kwe-GDP Afrika ubuswa ezolimo iyasilela nezimayini. Futhi lokhu umkhakha nge ongaphakeme value added, okungakwazi ukunikeza intuthuko ekuthuthukiseni kulawa mazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika zisezikweletini abalamacala. Ngakho-ke, akudingeki izinsiza ukuze siphishekele izinqubomgomo asebenzayo likazwelonke elibanzi eliqondiswe ekutholeni ekuthuthukisweni komnotho welizwe lalo. inkinga enkulu nenkohlakalo kuwo wonke amazinga. Phakathi neminyaka engu-wokuzibusa lala mazwe sekuyinto isiko. Iningi imisebenzi yokuhweba abazenzi kuphela ngaphansi kombandela umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa. Nokho, kancane kancane, ngisho noma lokho kulimaza izinhlelo angaphandle isimo siqala ukuba ngcono. Phakathi nale minyaka eyishumi edlule umnotho amazwe ase-Afrika yabonisa ukukhula esitebeleni. Waqhubeka ngisho ngesikhathi kokuntengantenga kwezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, bezikhali nezwekazi esabonwa osomnotho abaningi ne sokulindela okuhle eliqhubeka likhula.

amathemba ukuthuthukiswa

Afrika ine izinqolobane enkulu kwemithombo yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto nezwekazi nge abanesibalo esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa intsha. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhula komnotho okusezingeni eliphezulu bungatholakala izimali isizukulwane esisha imfundo. Ephambi kwezinduna Inqubomgomo abanekhono Afrika ungaba ngomunye izifunda ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Kancane kancane, ke zazingasabhekwa njengezwekazi ezingenathemba. Ngenxa azinzile ukusebenza ukukhula abadlali global, kukhona isifiso ukuthonya izimakethe Afrika futhi ukukhuthaza imikhiqizo yabo lapha. Nokho, nakuba iningi amazwe esifundeni ahlale ababuthakathaka kwezohwebo. Ziyakwazi sixhomeke kakhulu ukudayiswa amandla. 4% kuphela abantu baseNingizimu bukhoma ku $ 10 ngosuku. Isimo kulindeleke Ungashintsha kakhulu e 2050. Ngalesi sikhathi, uthi iningi Kumelwe singene isigaba lamazwe ne engenayo okungaphezu kwe-avareji. Isici esibalulekile impumelelo esikhathini esizayo ukuqinisa esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Lokubaluleke kakhulu kukhona amaphrojekthi ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle kwezobuchwepheshe, ezemfundo nezempilo. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2060 99% sabantu liyombozwa Inthanethi broadband. Esizukulwaneni esisha - ke ithemba kuleli zwekazi. Kuyinto ngempumelelo ukwakheka kwazo kuxhomeke ezindabeni kwikusasa le-Afrika.