Emisebeni Blackbody futhi yayo

It ngokuthi umzimba abamnyama njengoba enjalo ngoba ubamba zonke asehlele kuye (noma kunalokho) emisebeni e bohlu ebonakalayo nangale. Kodwa uma umzimba akuyona ukufuthelana, amandla kabusha sasikhipha emuva. Lokhu emisebeni ikhishwa wukukhanya umzimba abamnyama, kube nesithakazelo esikhethekile. Imizamo yokuqala ukufunda ngezici zawo ziye eyenziwa ngisho nangaphambi ukuvela imodeli uqobo.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, Dzhon Lesli bazama izinto ezihlukahlukene. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, abamnyama umule hhayi kuphela ubamba wonke sigameko ngesikhathi ukukhanya kuye ebonakalayo. Yena Babechichima ku uhla infrared Sinemandla kunamanye, izinto elula. Kwakuwusuku emisebeni ukushisa okungukuthi lihluke kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo izakhiwo eziningi. Emisebeni blackbody yakhoibrium, eyohlobo, akukho ukudluliswa amandla futhi incike lokushisa komzimba. At lokushisa sezingeni eliphezulu into emisebeni ezishisayo obonakalayo, bese yimuphi umzimba kuhlanganise blackbody ozuza umbala.

Lokhu into eyingqayizivele lapho likhipha kuphela ezithile uhlobo amandla, akakwazanga behluleka ukuheha ukunakwa. Njengoba sikhuluma emisebeni ezishisayo, amafomula lokuqala nemibono mayelana nendlela bohlu kumele ibukeke, liye ohlongozwayo nohlaka wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto. wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto Classical abone lokho nombono kufanele libe ubuningi emisebeni ezingeni lokushisa unikezwa, lapho isiqondiso kangakanani izoya ku Ukushisa kanye nokupholisa. Nokho, ihlulekile ukuqagela ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa amandla e nomkhakha we a blackbody nhlobo yamaza, futhi ikakhulukazi, kwi-range ultraviolet.

Ngokwe imiqondo wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto classical, amandla kungenziwa wukukhanya iyiphi izingxenye, kuhlanganise mncane oyifunayo. Kodwa ukuze umzimba abamnyama ngabe ihlaba umkhosi ngaleso yamaza emifushane, amandla amanye izinhlayiya zayo kufanele kube esikhulu kakhulu, futhi babehamba infinity emkhakheni amagagasi ultra-iDemo. Empeleni lokhu akunakwenzeka, kwakukhona infinity ezibalweni futhi ubizwa ngokuthi owayenecala ngale nhlekelele ultraviolet. Kuphela theory Planck ukuthi amandla kungenziwa sasikhipha e izingxenye ezehlukene - Quanta - basizwa baxazulula ubunzima. Namuhla wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto zibalo izimo ezikhethekile we zibalo ka-quantum physics.

Ekuqaleni umzimba black imelelwa umgodi nge ukuvulwa emincane. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ngaphandle singena umgodi okunjalo futhi amuncwa izindonga. On nomkhakha we emisebeni, okumele libe umzimba abamnyama, kulesi simo, efana neyothingo ekushayweni emnyango womhume, emgodini kahle, ewindini egumbini elimnyama uma libalele, njll Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke naye spectra efanayo cosmic emisebeni microwave ngemuva kwendawo yonke izinkanyezi, kuhlanganise ilanga.

Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi kulapho into ethile izinhlayiya kokuba amandla ezahlukene, kulapho-ke lizofana emisebeni blackbody. amandla ukusatshalaliswa ijika e nomkhakha we a blackbody ibonisa regularities kwezibalo ohlelweni izinhlayiya, ne umehluko kuphela ukuthi amandla idluliselwa nokuxhumana leyehlukene.