Isimo sezulu Arctic: izici, izici ezincwadini zabantu

sezulu Arctic - uhlobo oluthile izimo zezulu, okuhambelana omunye sezulu esihlukahlukene kule planethi. Ayisebenzi elise eduze North Pole. Lolu hlobo ushintsho phakathi abandayo Arctic futhi zisekela ngokulinganisela izimo zezulu. sezulu Arctic obusa e Nenkabazwe, naseNingizimu ku-latitude efanayo kuyinto sub-Antarctic.

Kuchazwe ibhande iphelela kanye yeCanada, Alaska Peninsula, oluseningizimu Greenland, izingxenye enyakatho ye-Iceland, i-Peninsula zaseScandinavia, eMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia.

sezulu Izimpawu

• sezulu Arctic has isici esasenza:-ke, ebusika yayo eside ehlobo emifushane (ngezinye izikhathi engekho esewonke).
• I ukubusa zasezindaweni phakathi nonyaka (e-Arctic, eSiberia naseMpumalanga North American ebusika, njalo esikhundleni nomunye).
• Amazinga esiphezulu lwenyanga olufudumele +15 ° C.
• Kuwo wonke unyaka, yesithwathwa zingenzeka. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa ikakhulu ekhombisa -5 ° C eziqhingini -40 ° C ezwekazini.
• I ongaphakeme lokushisa air is hhayi ayegcwele umswakama whereupon kwezulu zone sezulu lincane kakhulu. Bayakhothama ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa okushisa aphansi imvula namanje idlula ukuhwamuka, futhi lokhu kuthinta esifundeni amanzi.
• Ebusika, lapho isigxobo ukuza arctic emoyeni uquqaba kwehliswe izinga lokushisa. amazwekazi kunedwala eliyinqaba eliqoshwe, kungaba ukufinyelela -60 ° C.
• uphawu Isilinganiso ngaphandle lokushisa iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo yemvelo kanye nebanga elivela ocean: a ehlobo emathafeni cishe kungenzeki, izinga lokushisa ngoJulayi ayisekho +12 ° C, futhi ebusika nesithwathwa eside, kwezulu - esingaphansi 300 mm; ezonini ehlathini kwezulu ukukhuphuka 400 mm / ngonyaka, zibonakala ngokucacile, nakuba isizini esifushane kodwa ehlobo.
• Ngobusuku elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye ukuphakama eliphansi kwelanga emini unikezwa phezu Insimu negative ibhalansi radiation, kuthinta njalo abandayo ebusweni ecashile. Ngisho noma isimo sezulu kunesithembiso ukushisa izinsuku ezimbalwa, inhlabathi namanje akukho isikhathi ukuxoxa.

zinhlobo

sezulu Arctic ihlukaniswe 4 izinhlobo ezinkulu. Umbandela main umehluko ezimanzi inkomba abandayo (Köppen ngezigaba):

• DWC - sezulu ngokulinganisela abandayo ebusika owomile;
• dwd - abandayo ezomile nge yesithwathwa ukuba -40 ° C;
• dfc - sezulu ngokulinganisela abandayo umswakama umfaniswano;
• dfd - sezulu ngokulinganisela abandayo okushisa ukufudumala kuze kufinyelele + 20 ° C.

Izici

Arctic sezulu uhlobo uye kwakheka eponymous yemvelo ibhande ezindawo ne izindawo zemvelo emathafeni futhi ihlathi nezimfunda.

isigxobo Cold (izinga lokushisa aphansi) yabhaliswa Republic Saha (Yakutia), endaweni. Oymyakon. Kukhona isimo sezulu Arctic kuhlaba Inzima izinga lokushisa aphansi zase zihleliwe ngezithuba -71 ° C. Ngokwesilinganiso, amazinga okushisa ebusika Oimyakon Valley - -50 ° C. Le ndawo kubhekwa enyakatho endaweni ehlala planethi.

ukuphila komuntu

Lokhu uhlobo sezulu okungekuhle ukuze abantu bahlale kuwo. Imibandela sezulu esibi kangangokuba sokusinda kunzima ngokwanele kulezi zindawo. Nokho, ukuphila kulezi zindawo basekhona. Ngokomlando labantu zabantu abaye bazivumelanisa nemibandela uhlobo oluthile sezulu (ecotypes). Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo iyona Arctic uhlobo oluhambelana. Lena labantu ehlala ngaphakathi kumuntu-Arctic Arctic nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo.

Uma abantu baphile phakade Arctic abakwazi ke ukuphila Arctic kungenzeka. Into kuphela ukuba uqaphele: it has izici zayo siqu. Ukuzijwayeza kwabantu sezulu Arctic, kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kanzima. Emkhakheni eyiqhwa nomhlabathi eqandisiwe kunzima ukwakha indlu, ezisemadolobheni ikakhulukazi.

Ngo indoda sezulu futhi umonakala: unomphela abandayo ebusika yesithwathwa futhi umzimba ngaphansi imikhuhlane njalo nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, nezikhathi nokunwetshiwe lobusuku polar zibulale isimiso sezinzwa.

Yini enquma umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato ezimweni ezinjalo?

lokuphila kwabantu e-zone-Arctic lithembela ngokuphelele imvelo: ehlobo iDemo Abantu abawakhi amajikijolo, amakhowe kanye namakhambi. Leli hlathi linobukhulu obuphindwe nokuceba umdlalo kanye nezinye izilwane emanzini ocebile izinhlanzi.

Izici Zabantu sezulu sub-Arctic likwenza kucace ukuthi ukutshala izitshalo ezimweni ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi ungajabulisa, kodwa kwezinye - ukudanisa. inani lokudla akuyona into njalo, isivuno ocebile ehlobo avuselelwa phezu ebusika mafutha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngokuvumelana nemingcele eyintando ibhande Arctic hhayi wakha imizi zezimboni ezinkulu, abantu bahlala emadolobhaneni ezimbalwa, okungase ukuzondla.

Eminyakeni yamuva, abantu njalo inselele imvelo, futhi lokho kwakubhekwa njengobufakazi kungenzeki ngaphambi manje, sekuba yiqiniso. ubuchwepheshe High ukusiza ukuxazulula inkinga nge ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezifanele abahlala kulezi zifunda nokhahlo, futhi kungenzeka ezokuthutha oluphuthumayo inikeza abantu enyakatho ekude by imikhiqizo ukuthi eziphelayo (izithelo, imifino).

Kudingeka izibonelo lithathelwe zabantu sezulu Arctic? Abantu abahlala kule nsimu, baphoqwa ukuba ukuzenzela ukudla futhi ukuthenga izingubo ezifudumele. AmaChukchi nama Nenets izinto kusukela reindeer izikhumba uboya. Ukwenza ukuzingela nokudoba ukuzondla.

Kulesi zone kukhona iziqhingi eningizimu okuqondene Sea uBarents, ezinye izindawo zaleli Russia: Western eSiberia, enyakatho-mpumalanga ne-East European Plain.