Engqondo yentuthuko esiteji

Izigaba ukuthuthukiswa ingqondo yomuntu phathelana sibonga eyaziwa kakhulu ekutadisheni ukwazi isilwane. Descartes okuqaliswe antropopsihizmu. Lo mbono kusikisela ukuthi ingqondo - ke iyisici eziyizici indoda. Consciousness njengoba impahla ndaba ophilayo ibona biopsihizm. Ukuhlobana phakathi ingqondo isimiso sezinzwa libonisa isiqondiso wesayensi neyropsihizm futhi panpsychism ingokomoya unika zonke eziphilayo nezingaphili.

I isayensi yanamuhla yokusebenza kwengqondo kusekelwe ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka ukwazi ebukhoneni ukuvela ndaba futhi, okusekelwe lolu lwazi, uqokomisa amazinga ayisisekelo ukuthuthukiswa psyche. Matter sinikezwe mhlaba, njengoba kuveza esibandakanya umphumela elihlangene interpenetrating izinto. Ukubonakaliswa kuveza ikhono nokusabela ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle.

Ifomu ukhona ndaba, futhi ezenzeka ngaphandle ikakhulukazi ukucacisa uhlobo ukusabela. kuveza Physical - kuba, isibonelo, unyawo ukuphrinta esihlabathini noma umfanekiso isibuko. Chemical kuveza kungenziwa imelelwa ukuthola into entsha ngokuxhuma ezimbili kokuqala yemvelo - kuyinto ukwedlulela ndaba wezinto ku organic. Ifomu elula reflection begazi esivela eziphilayo - kuyinto ukucasuka.

ifomu Leontiev oludala kuveza engqondo inquma ukuzwela. Sici Its esiwuphawu - kuyinto ukuvela yokusabela kuya umfutho, okungasekelwe abahileleke ngokuqondile umzimba. Okuvela ukuzwela ngenxa isignali kuveza uhlamvu eyenza ukubonakaliswa impendulo okusebenzayo ku-kwesimo futhi odala ngabanye ahlukene izimpendulo kokuziphatha. Lokhu komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane libhekene khona izinzwa, ukunyakaza kanye nokudidiyela umzimba, ie isimiso sezinzwa. Isiteji yentuthuko ingqondo uqale nale, esigabeni sokuqala aphansi psyche sezinzwa. Sici ubuye ngokwengxenye kuveza izinto zobujamo, kunokuba yinto iyonke, kanye okungokwemvelo ifomu bezibona.

Izigaba kwengqondo kule phylogeny

Ngenxa kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukisa eziphilayo, isimiso sezinzwa nzima, yakha ubuchopho nomgogodla, le neocortex futhi, ekugcineni, ubuchopho eba. Neocortex ihlaziya ulwazi esifafazwa imvelo, owayeyisazi izinguquko futhi yakha imikhuba emisha. Isiteji ukuthuthukiswa engqondweni esinye isinyathelo sokugcina - esiteji okuqonda (eyamukelayo) ka psyche, okuyinto vele bavame ukuqonda isimo ngokuvamile: kukhona kungenzeka ukuba nokusabela ezintweni eziningana nokwenza konke okuhilelekile. Ngaphezu imizwelo engokwemvelo, ukuthuthukisa amakhono, okuyizinto uchungechunge ukunyakaza wafunda ukufeza injongo ethile. Kuyadingeka ukuba agcizelele ukuhlobana cortex we ama- namakhono esimeme. I ihlelwe kakhulu kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo (wezinkawu) athuthukiswe, futhi baye ukuziphatha ezihlakaniphile.

Isiteji intelligence (ecabanga isandla) libhekene kwetintfo abalulekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, yebo, ukwanda ebuchosheni. Liphinde elinesimo ukuziphatha ngokwanele bayazi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi nezinye izinhlobo imikhiqizo. Kodwa wemvelo namakhono qinani yokubaluleka kwawo, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni.

Izigaba ukuthuthukiswa psyche kwezilwane kuleli zinga kuze kube sekuphelile, yadedela ukuthuthukiswa komuntu. Man, ngokuba sokudlondlobala mbhoshongo sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, akusiyo kuphela ukuthuthukiswa zobuchopho, kodwa futhi eziningi amakhono engqondo (ukucabanga ezilandelanayo, umcabango, njll).