Ukubheka kwengqondo yomuntu

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, njalo ekupheleni XIX kwathi ngekhulu XX, kwengqondo kwaba nenkinga methodological exhunywe ne vagueness nokungaqiniseki yokugcina ngokwengqondo ngezinjongo zocwaningo. I iphutha ekuqondeni lokho kwengqondo, ekunqumeni imithetho nemibandela zawo, ulubone kuye kwaholela eziningi imibono ehlukene, esekelwe izici zezenhlalo nezinto eziphilayo, nendima evelele ufuzo futhi imvelo ekuthuthukiseni ukubhalwa psyche. Nokho, ukuba khona ezikoleni ezahlukene ukunyusele ekuqongeleleni enokwehla amasethi wedatha nentuthuko yomuntu siqu ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila esezikhona eminye imibono abanye abangazama ukuchaza ukuziphatha ezembula zezinqubo yakha ezithile izakhiwo engokwengqondo umuntu.

Ngo yesayensi yanamuhla, kwengqondo besilokhu sibhekwa njengengxenye izindawo edume kunazo: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, Gestalt Psychology, neyobuntu nemibono zofuzo.

ukuthuthukiswa Psychic kusukela iphuzu psychoanalytic umbono,

Freud sasho wadala mbono equlekile, wagomela ngokuthi izinqubo sengqondo ikakhulukazi equlekile, futhi nakho okungokomoya ezimbalwa kuphela ezalethwa indoda. Ukudalwa kanye nokuthuthukisa amasiko abantu Freud wachaza ekuqaleni kuphela ngokobulili, kanye nokuxhumana elikhiqizayo izinhlangothi begazi futhi nomphakathi ekuthuthukiseni ingqondo - indlela ukuzivikela. Njengengxenye omkhulu umhlaziyi psychosexuality kubhekwe nangokwengqondo intuthuko yamakhono omuntu ebuntwaneni nezikhathi. Wonke umuntu ejwayelene esiteji yabo azabele isazela locansi, okungase kuthinte psyche wengane bese omdala.

kwengqondo ngokuya Psychology zofuzo

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela Piaget - bhá futhi eyaziwa ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi ukuthuthukiswa psyche ingane ngobuhlakani. ososayensi yezengqondo ukucacisa izinqubo nokuvuthwa okuzivumelanisa, nokwenziwa, indawo yokuhlala, kanye equilibration. Ulwazi jikelele ngenxa isifiso ukuzivumelanisa noma sijwayele. Ukuzijwayeza yena, siqukethe inqubo nokwenziwa - ekushintsheni imiqondo ekhona ngaphansi kwethonya ulwazi olusha futhi yokuhlala, okuvumela ukucubungula ulwazi kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha yokuziphatha ngenxa yokuphatheka kuso. Psyche ivela ngesikhathi alternation olinganiselayo yalezi zinhlelo.

ithiyori neyobuntu nentuthuko ngokwengqondo

A lonke nombono omusha phezu kwengqondo yomuntu kusukela zokusebenza kwengqondo existentialist. Bayaqaphela ubunjalo futhi okwakhe lomuntu ivuliwe futhi self-ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo. Izwe engaphakathi ngamunye, yobuntu bakhe - a esiyinkimbinkimbi ngabanye izici ezingokwengqondo kanye nezidingo. Yeka ukuthi kuyiqiniso kanjani lokho okwenzeka langempela kuyasiza ukuqonda "Mina" wabo ongaphakathi wokulungile, futhi kungakho ezingeni kwizidingo kanye nezifiso, okusezingeni eliphezulu unjalo degree of congruence zobuntu. Isifiso congruence mkhulu, ngokuvumelana zokusebenza kwengqondo neyobuntu, okuyisici esiyinhloko zokuthambekela kobuntu, futhi injongo sokuthuthuka - inkulumo ethi esiphezulu self enqubeni self-actualization. Famous sokusebenza kwengqondo Maslow ayekholelwa ukuthi ukuphila komuntu kufanele kwenzeke ukuba kahle ukunquma nokubonisa izimfanelo siqu, ukudala "Mina" yakhe. Kwakuyisikhathi isifiso bayazi, wanqotshwa imizwelo hhayi equlekile iqondise izenzo zakhe nezenzo. On indlela self-actualization self-ngcono kunezithiyo ahlukahlukene ukuthi umuntu ngamunye kumelwe azinqobe, ngicindezelekile ubunzima, eyeka ukuthuthuka kwayo, okungase kuholele ekubeni uthunyelelwe iziyaluyalu Neurotic.

Psychology neyobuntu ukubona indima ebalulekile isimo senhlalo efanele ukuze kuthuthukiswe abantu engqondo. Lokhu indima sikabili, ngoba zomphakathi ngesandla esisodwa kunomthelela ukuthuthukiswa kanye self-actualization, futhi ngakolunye, uzama ukumkhohlwa ngokuphelele ubuntu ukwenza umuntu njengawo wonke umuntu. Kahle ngenhlonipho womuntu ngamunye kanye nomphakathi ngokombono Psychology neyobuntu kuyinto nokuxhumana okunjalo lapho umuntu uziveza inkampani le ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle, kodwa kugcina ubuntu bayo kanye kutichaza inqubo yentuthuko intrapersonal.