Enyakatho, eningizimu, entshonalanga, empumalanga: indlela ukucacisa isiqondiso

Ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe, geography sekuyisikhathi eside kukhona umcabango we amaphuzu yekhampasi. Balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukuhlonza izindawo endaweni yakithi futhi ibalazwe ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha, ezokuthutha, ukusiza kweminye imisebenzi. Indlela ukucacisa lapho enyakatho, eningizimu, entshonalanga, empumalanga? Ake sizwe ukuthi yini ohlangothini umkhathizwe, ukuhamba kuzo.

Izikhombisi-main

Ezikhathini zasendulo indoda usefunde ukuchaza isikhundla layo uma igijima phansi, siphawula ukuthi nsuku zonke ilanga liphuma emkhathizwe empumalanga lishone kusihlwa entshonalanga. Ikhono Focus wasiza okhokho bethu ukuthola indlela yabo ekhaya, ukuzingela, ukutshala izilimo. Isimiso sokuhlukanisa isikhala ibe izingxenye khona isigaba ebalulekile ekutadisheni indoda zomhlaba. izingxenye ezisemqoka zezwe endulo lethiwa wamanje (enyakatho, eningizimu, entshonalanga, empumalanga). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amadivayisi sokugubha ilanga namaplanethi, amadivayisi yokulinganisa baba ezingcono. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi le eliseNyakatho neliseNingizimu yokuhlala - amaphuzu amabili okuphambene lapho ebusweni iplanethi yethu kweqa ulayini ngengqondo --eksisi eMhlabeni.

Ukucacisa lapho enyakatho, eningizimu, entshonalanga, empumalanga?

Iziqondiso ze-empumalanga nasentshonalanga neqembu elilodwa ukunyakaza emhlabeni - azungeza axis awo. Ilanga ekuseni livela ngaphezu line umkhathizwe empumalanga, ntambama ifinyelele zenith wakusihlwa uya phesheya wesibhakabhaka lishona entshonalanga. Kukhona umehluko ku ekhomba lapho ilanga lingakhona at Ezindaweni ezahlukene ezihlobene ne enyakazayo ukutsheka komhlaba. Emini inkanyezi yenkabazwe itholakala ngqo phezu kwekhanda lakho. Winter eNyakatho Nenkabazwe - kugudlukela eningizimu, ehlobo - kuya enyakatho. Summer kwelanga kungabonakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ebusika - eningizimu-mpumalanga. I Ezindaweni ezibandayo kanye subpolar ihlala izinyanga eziyisithupha, ebusuku polar, ilanga aliphumi lalingabonakali emkhathizwe. Kwathi ngokushona kwelanga izinyanga eziyisithupha zonyaka ingahambi - kuza usuku polar. Esifundeni esisenyakatho kuyinto isigxobo kazibuthe, ngase okuyinto inaliti yekhampasi liphenduka. Engxenyeni okuphambene wezwe nezwekazi eseningizimu - Antarctica. Nquma isiqondiso uma kungenzeka omunye wabo waziwa, kungenzeka ube nenye indlela elula. okudingeka I ukuthola ukuze ubuso kwaphenduka ngasenyakatho. Khona-ke ngemva kwakhe kuyoba eningizimu, kwesobunxele - entshonalanga, ngakwesokudla - empumalanga.

Isimo eyisihlobo amaqembu ezinkulu nezincane umkhathizwe

Kukhona izinkomba eziyisisekelo - enyakatho, eningizimu, entshonalanga, empumalanga, - zazo kwahambisana abaxhumanisi. ukwahlukana okunjalo Kuyinto elula kakhulu, ngoba kukuvumela ukunquma ngokunembile isikhundla phansi, ukuthola izinto emabalave lalula topographic. Ngokwesibonelo, enyakatho-mpumalanga - ohlangothini umkhathizwe, itholakala phakathi isiqondiso enyakatho nasempumalanga. On the amabalazwe, amapulani, okokudayila, izincwadi, inkomba notation yethulwa nge uhlamvu lokuqala Russian noma egameni lesiLatini. Kukhona division eningiliziwe emkhathizwe likhuphuka amaqembu. Ngakho, phakathi iziqondiso of a futhi c ku-mpumalanga (NE), nasempumalanga-enyakatho-mpumalanga (ENE).

Ikhampasi phezu izinhlelo, amabalazwe kanye Globes

Ngo amatilosi ubudala futhi abahambi wencike amakhadi, okungase kube phansi Inyakatho neningizimu - phezulu. Ulwazi surface eMhlabeni babengaphelele, zokuma kwendawo eziningi zaziyiphutha, okubangela izinto izinhlelo namabalazwe. Ayemaningi kakhulu okuthiwa "amabala amhlophe" - indawo yayingaziwa nhlobo. Njengomthetho, izinhlelo yesimanje ezindawo namabalazwe kuyinto phezulu enyakatho, eningizimu itholakala ngezansi kwesokunxele - entshonalanga, kuya kwesokudla - empumalanga.

Isimiso esifanayo isetshenziswa ukudala wonke. isigamu layo elingenhla - Nenkabazwe, phansi - South. Ukuze kwesokunxele Meridian prime elise West, kwesokudla - Eastern Nenkabazwe. Endaweni lapho okuhlatshelwa khona ukunamathela ibhola ukuma - eSouth Pole, iphuzu okuphambene - North Pole. Kulula ukuthola iyiphi into womhlaba uma wazi indawo yayo. Enyakatho, eningizimu, entshonalanga, empumalanga - izinkomba main, kanye lo nobude kumephu futhi wonke. Amazwekazi, izilwandle, emathafeni, izintaba, ulwandle, emadolobheni kanye nezinye izinto kwendawo ngaphezu yenkabazwe kukhona enyakatho, ngezansi parallel kusuka 0 ° - eningizimu. Izinto kwesokunxele Meridian prime abe-longitude entshonalanga, kuya kwesokudla - empumalanga.

Compass - idivayisi, okuyinto zilawule indlela

Ukuthola ohlangothini umkhathizwe kanye gxila izindawo kusiza idivayisi ifakwe-ngemibala emibili inaliti kazibuthe. Ngokuvamile kuba khulula ukujikisa maphakathi izindlu isiyingi. Idivayisi, okuyinto luyasetshenziswa ukuthola izikhombisi-ndlela, - nekhampasi. Enyakatho, eningizimu, entshonalanga, empumalanga, okwakuyohambisana izinhlamvu esikalini zedivayisi. onqenqemeni Red zibheke ukuhlukanisa "C" noma «N», ekhombe enyakatho. Okuphambene umcibisholo siqondiswe eningizimu. Ukuze saleli-eksisi iyona entshonalanga, ngakwesokudla - empumalanga. Ngaphakathi kukhona Ukudayela ikhampasi nge netinombolo kusuka 0 kuya 360 ° udvweba umugca locondzile, wahlela. Inani ukuhlukana kumadivayisi ezahlukene ingehluka. Usebenzisa ikhampasi, unga:

1. Ukuze sazi lapho ngamunye izingxenye ezinkulu zomhlaba (enyakatho, eningizimu, empumalanga, entshonalanga).
2. Nquma wonke ohlangothini Lesisemkhatsini emkhathizwe.
3. Thola azimuth - engela phakathi into phansi kanye isiqondiso enyakatho.

Ikhampasi kudingeka abameleli ukuzibonakalisa eziningi - amatilosi, airmen, ezempi, abakhi, izazi zokuma komhlaba, kanye izivakashi kanye nabahamba. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene kumadivayisi, ngokusiza uzulazule kanye imizila Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba.

Iziqondiso esizeni (enyakatho, eningizimu, entshonalanga, empumalanga)

Thola indawo yakho singaba nemizimba yasezulwini zemvelo nezimpawu izinto eliseduze. Emini, lapho ilanga seliphansi eningizimu, isithunzi sezinyathelo izinto thwi ahlelwe wathumela emvuthwandaba wako ngasenyakatho. Ebusuku, kufanele sizame ukuthola ukuthi iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho. Amabili nephuzu eliqhakazile iBhere Omkhulu, yakha ezindongeni Big Dipper, ngokuthi pointer. A ngqo umugqa ukuziphatha yibo, oba ngqo Polaris. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho esibhakabhakeni kungokwalabo umlaza i-Ursa Minor.

A umsizi omuhle kulabo badukile - amawashi. Ukuze uthole isiqondiso, ujike mshini ngokwewashi umcibisholo ukuze ilanga. Angle obakhiwa emgqeni okuholela sibalo 1 (13.00) okuyinto bisect ukunikeza bisector (sikhomba eningizimu). Ukuma we izimpawu zendawo:

• ohlangothini enyakatho izihlahla ungqimba mkhulu ka ulele futhi wona;
• inhlabathi uya woma ngaphansi amatshe, zibheke eningizimu;
• iqhwa ebusika ohlangothini enyakatho eside ihlala okuxekethile;
• anthills ngokuvamile zitholakala eningizimu wezintaba, izihlahla, amatshe;
• esobala enokukhanya kwelanga, okuyinto ukwehlukana ihlathi ku amabhlogo, okugxile kusukela empumalanga kuye entshonalanga futhi ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu (uqaphele izinombolo zabo serial on izigxobo, eziqala NW futhi SE).

indlela ngamunye enephutha okumelwe icatshangelwe endaweni. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningana ke umphumela kuyoba esinembile ngaphezulu.