Epidermis - kuyini? Isakhiwo epidermis

Isikhumba, ngokuvumelana dermatologists eziningi, kuba isitho eziyinkimbinkimbi womuntu. Ukuba ezelekene futhi ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi, inethiwekhi eqotho imithambo namaqembu Izinzwa receptor igazi ukunikeza kubalulekile ekuvikeleni umuntu yizici zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba nakho kunendima okuyifezayo ofuna ukuxhumana nathi, ukuba ikhono lokuthola ulwazi ethintekayo nezwe. Vumela ungqimba engenhla epidermis kubalulekile kuphela njengesithiyo mechanical, inani layo likhulu kakhulu.

izici Jikelele epidermis

Uhlelo Loluguduzisa sokuhlukanisa, ukukhula, uyafa futhi kakade amangqamuzana afile iyona epidermis. Kuyini lokhu? Lokhu yonke indwangu esesikhundleni ezelekene okuyinto amaseli etholakala oluvela emthonjeni ofanayo, kodwa wahlela emazingeni ehlukene kuye ngezinga of nokuvuthwa. I epidermis yilona isithiyo sokuqala jikelele ezibhekene iyiphi yingozi isidumbu imvelo isici.

isakhiwo Egqinsiwe: izingqimba kwesikhumba

isakhiwo egqinsiwe kwesikhumba - 3 izingqimba ekwenzeni imisebenzi ehlukene. Into ebaluleke kakhulu sazo dermal kokuba igazi izitsha, ama-receptor nemisipha. Futhi elise dermis izinwele. Futhi "ukhokho" yabo, kanye nezinzipho, iyona epidermis. Kuyini lokhu? Lokhu ungqimba Horny engaphezulu nje dermis futhi kunendima zokuzivikela, hhayi kuphela maqondana ke, kodwa futhi wonke umzimba. dermis Little ajulile ungqimba ezingabalulekile kangako kwesikhumba - izicubu, lapho amafutha aqoqana adipocytes.

isakhiwo Egqinsiwe we epidermis

Isendlalelo ejulile iyona basal okuyinto ngokuphelele iqukethe amaseli uyakwazi sokuhlukanisa. Ngenxa kubo kukhona ukubuyiselwa amaseli ezilimele futhi umthamo wemvula elahlekile izikali Horny. I ukushuba we-basal ungqimba melanocytes elise olulodwa ukuqongelela izidakamizwa black sombala (melanin) edingekayo ukuze kuvikeleke ultraviolet kwesikhumba.

ungqimba Prickly engaphezulu basal kwakhiwa ngesimo imigqa 3-8 ngamangqamuzana aphilayo kakade ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa. Basuke kuhambisana nomunye ngokusebenzisa ziboya cytoplasmic ukungadluliseli amandla mechanical isikhumba. Ezindaweni kwesikhumba ngaphansi amathonya zangaphandle zenzeka njalo, isibalo izingqimba Spiny amaseli ukukhuphuka izingcezu 8-10. Kulezi zindawo akukho nezindlala umjuluko izinwele: ezinyaweni isandla. Nge umonakalo njalo ezinye izingxenye Izendlalelo epidermis futhi uqweqwe ukwakha callus.

Ngokushesha phezu ungqimba spinous kuyinto luyimbudumbudu, equkethe umndondo epidermal amaseli. organelles wabo ulahlekelwe ikhono ukukhiqiza amandla, kodwa ithola imali ethe tonofibrils. ungqimba luyimbudumbudu sakhiwa 1-2 kuphela cell izingqimba ngamakhasimende parallel ebusweni isikhumba.

ungqimba Brilliant ngokuthi amaseli ngokuphelele elingenalo organelles. inhloso yabo - ukuvikelwa mechanical isikhumba nokuqothulwa kancane kancane, nokucekelwa kuya corneum stratum. Lesi sakamuva ezingabalulekile. Kuyinto inhlanganisela efile zibe maholoholo cell, isithiyo esikhulu amathonya pathogenic.

Umsebenzi epidermal amaseli

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-epidermis is dalo of izithiyo mechanical, ngokomzimba, begazi futhi amakhemikhali, delimiting imvelo yangaphakathi kusukela Amagciwane abangahle futhi langempela. Kodwa akugcini lapho izindima basuke eyadlalwa epidermis. Kuyini, futhi kanjani like wachaza?

• Okokuqala, ungqimba ebusweni ibeka imvelo lomzimba emhlabeni ngaphandle ukuvikela umzimba lokuvimbela ukuvuza izinto ezibalulekile futhi izingxenye.
• Okwesibili, kahle livikela epidermis ngokumelene ionizing corpuscular futhi igagasi emisebeni kwamandla ongaphakeme, ngawo umzimba ebhekene nsuku zonke.
• Okwesithathu, epidermis kwesikhumba - okuhle chemical isithiyo ukuvimbela Ukungena kanye ukumuncwa izinto hydrophilic. Futhi lipophilic (fat-encibilikayo) basuke yamukeleke kahle.
• Futhi ekugcineni ohlwini lwezinhlelo, kodwa akukho umsebenzi ezingabalulekile kangako - Ukuvikelwa begazi. Kukhona esincane kakhulu amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta ukuthi kungathelela abantu ngesikhumba. indima eziyisisekelo zokuzivikela udlalwa yi-epidermis. Kuyini lokhu? Lena isithiyo ezinhle ongeke nje ayivumeli ukuthola igciwane, ama-bacterium, isikhunta noma amagciwane angena emzimbeni, okubangela ukuvuvukala khona.

Ngaphandle melanocytes namaseli afile we epidermis imisebenzi atikasetjentiswa. amaseli EPITHELIAL isinyathelo njengesithiyo mechanical, futhi melanocytes - optical. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cuticle zivikela umonakalo kanye ukuhwamuka ketshezi, futhi sombala amaseli - kusukela emisebeni ultraviolet. Konke lokhu ukuvumele indoda ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezenzeka emhlabeni evamile. Phela, isikhumba eye wavumela ukuthuthukiswa umzimba kuyiphi umuntu wavela, waphuma ngemanzini futhi banqobe izwe lakhe.

Izici eziyinhloko the epidermis

Zonke izingqimba kwesikhumba phylogenetically savela ngokusipha kwimisebenzi ethile. I epidermis kuyinto dermis yakhelwe ukuvikela imiphumela mechanical, ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. It okudingekayo ukuze kukhawulwe ukulahlekelwa uketshezi ezingasetshenziswa shabalala kusuka ubuso bayo kuphela ngemva uketshezi izithukuthuku nezindlala. Enye indlela bokuphila ukuvuza uketshezi emzimbeni ngesikhumba iyatholakala.

Uma sicabangela epidermis kusukela iphuzu yezimonyo umbono, okusobala amaqiniso elandelayo. Lesi sendlalelo isikhumba bangase bangabi nakho imibimbi nezibazi, azikho imithambo yegazi. It is powered by nokuhanjiswa kwe- izinto kusukela yegazi dermis kwesikhumba. Ngakho izinkinga zayo kuphela yezimonyo yilezi ezilandelayo: hyperkeratosis (epidermis uqweqwe izingqimba) kanye isikhumba uyaxebuka. Ukulwisana lezi zenzakalo, futhi psoriasis, kanye nokwelashwa kudinga isicelo izimonyo.

Pathology we epidermis futhi melanocyte

Kunemikhakha eziningana izifo ezingaba jeza epidermis. Kuyini futhi kanjani uthi idatha ziyabonakala, ufunde ngezansi. Isigaba sokuqala - Izifo ezihambisana ukubuyabuyelela anda epidermal basal ungqimba amaseli. Lesi sifo okuthiwa psoriasis. Kukhona isimo azalwa naso - ichthyosis, lapho umntwana isivele ozalwa nayo hyperkeratosis futhi akuyona iphila. Iqembu lesibili yezifo epidermis - yesimila. Kusukela epidermis ingaqala-basal cell carcinoma ne-melanoma. Lesi sakamuva evela melanocytes.