Equatorial ibhande: indawo. Equatorial ibhande: izici

Emhlabeni ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana 13 esishintshashintshayo zezulu. Indlela ukusatshalaliswa ala maqembu kuxhomeke ezicini ezimbili: inani emisebeni yelanga linqoba emoyeni uquqaba.

Highlights nesikhundla ezindawo

Izoni enkabazwe kuyinto indawo emaphakathi Zomhlaba. It iseduze kwenkabazwe, nokunye lethiwa. Lokhu ibhande - ungoyedwa 13 ukuthi ivame ukuba uphazamiseke khona, okungukuthi, lokho akusho livimbezele ngokuphelele Umhlaba efana kwezinye izingxenye zezulu. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi bhé isebangeni subequatorial Northern futhi Nenkabazwe Southern. Kusebenta: 5 ° -8 ° c. w. ukuze 4 ° -11 ° S. w.

division lesifunda

Ibhande enkabazwe kubhekwa unomphela (main) - lokhu kusho ukuthi phakathi wonke ngonyaka endaweni akashintshi isimo sezulu kanye sezulu, linqoba emoyeni uquqaba ziyafana - enkabazwe. Lokhu kalula zachazwa yisigaba isikhundla womhlaba. Equatorial ibhande libhekisela ezifundeni ezintathu lapho kusungulwa sezulu ekhethekile ezingaguquki:

• Izwekazi i-Ningizimu Melika ngaphakathi esifundeni sase-Amazon.
• Mainland Afrika: ingxenye yayo bhé, futhi eGulf of Guinea.
• Indawo enkulu, futhi endaweni eseduze amanzi Omkhulu Sunda Islands.

sezulu Basics

Izimo zezulu yalesi zone ziyafana. Basuke izimpawu:

• okushisa njalo okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• omunye sonyaka (ehlobo);
• amanani ezinkulu imvula (izibalo kunabo bonke emhlabeni);
• predominance enkabazwe emoyeni uquqaba okuyinto bathonywa indawo;
• enkabazwe ibhande libhekene nomswakama eliphezulu;
• ababuthakathaka, yesikhathi esifushane imimoya;
• izinhlobonhlobo okubanzi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene;
• kwezimo ezingezinhle ukuze abantu bahlale kuwo.

izici zezulu

lokushisa esijwayelekile zone bhé uhla + 24 ° ... + 28 ° C. Lokhu kungenxa sibalo njalo isikhundla ngokulinganayo eziphakeme Sun isihlobo nenkabazwe. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kukhona ushintsho imperceptible ngayo izinkathi zonyaka, futhi umehluko lokushisa ongaphakeme futhi high 2 ° kuphela C (izinga eliphansi kunawo wonke emhlabeni). Ibhalansi emisebeni esifundeni - 70-90 kcal / cm ² ngonyaka. Esikhathini izilwandle, it kwandisa ku-120 kcal / cm ² ngonyaka. Kule ndawo, zingabantu ethule, basuke libhekene ezolile. umfutho womoya ongaphakeme ibhande enkabazwe.

On esifundeni nhlangothi zombili yenkabazwe ukuze tropical ukuhweba imimoya, ukudala lapha siwuthole njalo umoya unomswakama. I umswakama nesihlobo kule zoni kuyahlukahluka 80-95%. Lezi zizathu ezimbili (umswakama amazinga okushisa aphakeme) kubangele izihlambi ezindaweni ntambama. Imvula yonyaka e ibhande bhé - 2 000-3 000 mm (emithambekeni, lesi sibalo ukukhuphuka 10 000 mm / year), okwenza lezi zindawo ube olumanzi kakhulu kule planethi. umswakama ngokweqile kungenxa predominance kwezulu phezu ukuhwamuka (1000 mm). Bona cindezela ku iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva aphansi.

izici elicacisa ngesimo sendawo futhi inhlabathi

Esikhathini indawo bhé ikakhulukazi uye wakwenza zihlukaniswa geomorphology izinqubo. Isibonelo esiyinhloko kungaba ibhande elisenkabazwe ye-Afrika. Lesi sifunda siyindawo esivamile - lo enamandla weathering uqweqwe:

• izindawo elisezansi zinezikhathi ukuguguleka lateral;
• ububanzi emfuleni nemihosha, amathafa uzamcolo zigcwele;
• ezindaweni sezintaba izigodi emfuleni, kunalokho, emincane futhi obunzima, walala;
• ngokuvamile kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kolwandle.

I nenhlabathi of esifundeni - omuncu, ferralitic. Bampofu, humus okuqukethwe - hhayi kuka-3%, lapho zilima noma ukugawula amahlathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ulahlekelwe abo okuzala nhlobo.
Ikakhulukazi ibhande bhé iyona ububanzi futhi ezinamandla uhlelo kwamanzi. Kuyinto ngaphakathi lesi sifunda emfuleni kwangempela emhlabeni - Amazon.

izwe yemifino

indawo sezulu kudala izimo ezikahle ukukhula siluhlaza umswakama imvula. Gil ngokuthi ehlathini (eNingizimu Melika - kuyinto ehlathini, noma "ihlathi lemvula"). Lezi emasimini zinezikhathi nomlando omude, eziphilayo okubanzi, inani elikhulu zilwane sendawo. Ngo Gil uphile futhi ukhule ngaphezu kwesigamu zonke izitshalo nezilwane le planethi, kunenkolelo ukuthi izinkulungwane zezinto eziphilayo ukuhlala engaziwa. Ikakhulukazi ibhande bhé itholakala lokuthi ukuthi amahlathi emvula akhiwa izingqimba eziningana. Ubhedu - izihlahla. Sinenkosi emgqonyeni ezingeni eliphezulu, esigaxeni ovundlile. Ungqimba oluphakathi nendawo siqukethe Liana. Futhi, ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuthola futhi eziwusizo (ukukhiqizwa futhi ibhizinisi) zilwane - cocoa, iraba, breadfruit, otshala ne izinkuni ezinemibala.

emhlabeni isilwane

Ibhande enkabazwe Zomhlaba iyindawo esiyingqayizivele ukuphila abamele ahlukahlukene nezilwane. Tiniketwe lapha lenqwaba zilwane. Iningi labo liye ingashintshwa ukuze baphile lapha phezu kwezihlahla imiqhele yabo. Kwenzeka endaweni inqwaba izinkawu, Kumabheja, Nesambane, capuchins, isihlahla izingungumbane, langurs, opossums, amalulwane, izibankwa, amaxoxo nezinyoka. Kusukela ezihlala ezweni zivamile obhejane, izimvubu, izindlovu, tapir. Zezinyamazane - kuphela amalungu cat - izingwe kanye jaguar, nayo ngiyijwayele impilo emithini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi bhé - indawo ekahle nihlale izinyoni ahlukahlukene kanye izinambuzane. Sici isici esifundeni - bonke igqamile, "ezinesihlungu" umbala.

izinkinga zemvelo

Ibhande enkabazwe Zomhlaba njengamanje yenziwa ukungenela elinamandla ingxenye yesintu. Futhi lokhu kuholela ngenakugwemeka nezinguquko ezenzeka endaweni ezungezile. Futhi kuhle ukuthi uzinake wena ukuthi yini engcono. A Eqinisweni owaziwa ukuthi leli hlathi - kungcono "lula" iplanethi. I share elikhulu yamukelwa kuyinto ezinomswakama emasimini enkabazwe. Kodwa lezi zinguquko ezadala umonakalo ngo-isakhiwo sendawo ihlathi zenzeka eminyakeni yamuva. Ziyakwazi ezenziwe umuntu. Iningi abekelwe emaceleni Imi phansi izihlahla, wadalula nokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo eziningi isilwane. Ingxenye emahlathini usule esikhundleni emasimini yekhofi noma nezinye.

NeMibandela womuntu

Nokho, naphezu kwakho konke izici ezifanele ukuze uhlale lapha ukusabalala yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, ibhande bhé okungekuhle kakhulu abantu abahlala lapha. Yiqiniso, bethonywe isikhundla salo ezindawo. Izoni enkabazwe libhekene umswakama high kanye lokushisa njalo kushisa. Kodwa lezi zici, esikhundleni salokho, abe nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izimo ekahle ukwakheka foci engokwemvelo izifo eziyingozi. Njengoba lenqwaba izinambuzane ezinobuthi itholakala ibhande bhé, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.

Amazwe we ibhande bhé

Zonke kuyo leyo nsimu efanayo kwamanye amazwe ebangela isimo sezulu sase-zone enkabazwe. ENingizimu Melika, esifundeni ihlanganisa ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi Brazil, Ecuador, Uganda. E-Afrika, kuyinto ezweni Congo, Gabon, Kenya. Lesi siqhingi ingxenye - Sunda Eziqhingini. New Guinea, obakhathalelayo. Sri Lanka kanye Peninsula Malay (Indonesia).