Mammoth - Mammoth kuyinto ... umlando. Njengoba mammoth ezingelwa?

Mammoth - imfihlakalo iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili besets ilukuluku abacwaningi. Zaziyini lezi izilwane komlando, kokubili kwabaphilayo yokuqothulwa kungani? Zonke lezi mibuzo asinayo izimpendulo ngqo. Abanye ososayensi unecala ngokufa kwabo mass indlala, kwesibili - engu ice, eyesithathu - the abazingeli basendulo ebhubhisa nezinkomo ngoba inyama, izikhumba kanye eyangaba. Le nguqulo esemthethweni asipheli.

Bobani mammoth

Mammoth sidilizwa kuyinto esincelisayo omndeni yezindlovu. Izinhlobo ezinkulu anosayizi ufana nemingcele izihlobo zabo - izindlovu. Isisindo sawo ngokuvamile ingeqi 900 kg, ukukhula ingahambi angaphezu 2 amamitha. Nokho, baningi zinhlobo "abahloniphekile ', ogama isisindo safinyelela amathani 13, ukuphakama - 6 amamitha.

Kusukela izindlovu mammoth kwahluka esifubeni bulkier, imilenze esifushane futhi izinwele ezinde. Sici sici - the eyangaba ezinkulu lwalugobile, ayesetshenziselwa yizilwane nezakudala sokumba ephuma ngaphansi kwale moto kweqhwa ukudla. Kwakumelwe futhi babekezelele molars ngenombolo enkulu dentinoemalevyh amapuleti mncane ukuthi zazisetshenziselwa kucutshungulwa roughage fibrous.

ukubukeka

isakhiwo lwamathambo, elithatha mammoth lasendulo, ungathi isakhiwo sendlovu Indian, ohlala namuhla ngezindlela eziningi. Okuthakazelisayo enkulu giant eyangaba obuphelele kungaba kuze 4 amamitha, isisindo - kufike ku 100 kg. Bakhandwa ise ongenhla, ezikhulayo phambili futhi ibheke phezulu, "ukushayela azungeze" emaceleni.

Tail nezindlebe, uvalwe bezama ugebhezi, incane ngobukhulu, umbala samanje esiphongweni black iqonde, wema phezu idolo emuva. ipotimende elikhulu nge eyehlisiwe kancane nasemuva esekelwe esitebeleni izinyawo-pole. Imilenze bacishe hornlike (obukhulu kakhulu) soleplate sifinyelela ububanzi 50 cm.

Uvolo brown ukukhanya noma tinge aphuzi ansundu, umsila, imilenze buyabuna ehlotshisiwe namabala amnyama ebonakalayo. Fur "isiketi" ageleza phansi izinhlangothi, ukufinyelela cishe emhlabathini. "Izingubo" izilwane nezakudala sasithatha sisashisa kakhulu.

izinyo lendlovu

Mammoth - isilwane kabani inzavula yayingavamile amandla hhayi kuphela high, kodwa futhi ibanga eziyingqayizivele imibala. Amathambo walala ngaphansi komhlaba ayizinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka kwezinsalela namaminerali. Iye yazuza anhlobonhlobo shades - kusuka elimhlophe ngokunsomi. Ukuhwalala elafika ngenxa ubunjalo, kukhulisa inani lo izinyo lendlovu.

I eyangaba kwezilwane nezakudala babengenalo ephelele njengoba ngesibhamu indlovu. Ziyakwazi kulula ugaye, inqobo ngokwabo ne imifantu. Kukholakala ukuthi mammoth ngosizo lwabo misela yena ukudla - amahlumela, amagxolo. Ngezinye izikhathi izilwane inzavula 4 kwamiswa, i-pair wesibili ka bewumsebenzi emihle, ngokuvamile tho nge ekujuleni kwenhliziyo.

imibala abahlukile ukwenza eyangaba omkhulukazi owawuseNew funa ukukhiqizwa amabhokisi kanokusho, isinemfu amabhokisi, chess amasethi. Zisetshenziswa uma udala imifanekiso isipho, ubucwebe labesifazane, izikhali ezibizayo. ukukhiqizwa kabusha Artificial imibala akhethekile akunakwenzeka, futhi lokhu lihlotshaniswa zibiza kakhulu imikhiqizo wadala ngesisekelo eyangaba mammoth. Kulawa, yebo, hhayi mbumbulu ezintsha.

mammoth zeviki

eminyakeni engu-60 - isilinganiso sobude bokuphila lwemidondoshiya ayakhe izinkulungwane emhlabeni eminyakeni ethile edlule. Mammoth - a herbivorous isilwane ukudla kwakhe kwakungo ikakhulukazi izitshalo herbaceous, amahlumela bok, izihlahla ezincane, uMoss. Izinga Daily - mayelana 250 kg uhlaza, ukuphoqa izilwane ongasichitha ku ukudla kusasele amahora angu-18 ngosuku, njalo ukushintsha dislocation ziyofuna amadlelo angcono fresh.

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi mammoth wayekwenza yokuphila abathanda abantu, bahlangana ngamaqembu amancane. weStandard wawunamalungu 9-10 omdala kwezinhlobo, kwakukhona abancane. Njengomthetho, indima umholi womhlambi wezimvu nezimbuzi esiphathiswe insikazi endala.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-10 izilwane finyelela khula ngokobulili. Abesilisa wavuthwa ngaleso sikhathi kwesokunxele umhlambi kwabakhulelwe, ukuthuthela khona olulodwa.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwathola ukuthi mammoth ukuvela eMhlabeni engaba iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-4.8 edlule, wanyamalala eminyakeni engaba ngu-4 ayizinkulungwane kuphela edlule, hhayi 9-10, njengoba kucatshangwa ngaphambili. Lezi zilwane wahlala emazweni eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Amathambo izilo anamandla, imidwebo kanye eziqoshiwe, esibonisa kubo, ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni babakhileyo lasendulo Yamatshe Age.

Mammoth wabhaliswa eRussia futhi basakaza ngamanani amakhulu, ikakhulukazi okutholakele ezithakazelisayo eSiberia abadumile. "Emathuneni" Nkulu kakhulu kwalezi zilwane ezatholakala okusha laseSiberia Islands. Ngo Khanty-Mansiysk ngisho lesikhumbuzo e udumo lwabo. Phela, in the sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Yelena ngokokuqala (ngokusemthethweni) izinsalela woolly atholakele.

Mammoth eRussia, noma kunalokho, izinsalela zabo zitholakala kuze kube manje.

Izimbangela yokuqothulwa

Kuze kube manje, umlando mammoth has izikhala ezinkulu. Ikakhulukazi, kumayelana izizathu yokuqothulwa yabo. Beka phambili ezihlukahlukene izinguqulo. hypothesis Original aphakanyisiwe Zhan Batist Lamark. Ngokusho ososayensi, ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele kohlobo akunakwenzeka, wavele liphenduka omunye. Nokho, uzalo esemthethweni mammoth Okwamanje siyachazwa.

Zhorzh Kyuve akazange avumelane nozakwethu, sisole uzamcolo nokufa mammoth (noma ezinye izigemegeme global ezenzeka phakathi ukunyamalala labantu). Uthi ukuthi Earth ngokuvamile ebhekene izinhlekelele ngesikhathi esifushane, eqothula ngokuphelele uhlobo oluthile.

Brocchi, ekudumisa Isazi ephuma e-Italiya, uthi kwenkathi ethile khona kukhishwa wonke ophilayo emhlabeni. Ukunyamalala lonke usosayensi zinhlobo okungaqhathaniswa yokuguga ekufeni komzimba, kanjalo, ngokombono wakhe, futhi yaphela umlando okuyimfihlakalo mammoth.

Imfundiso ethandwa kakhulu has abalandeli abaningi emphakathini ngokwesayensi - isimo sezulu. eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 15-10 edlule ngokuqondene ukuncibilika yeqhwa enyakatho emathafeni ndawo yabizwa ngokuthi ixhaphozi, egcwele eningizimu emahlathini kaphayini. Amakhambi ngaphambilini wakubeka phansi ekudleni kwezilwane, bathathelwe indawo moss amahlumela awo, okuyinto, ngokusho ososayensi, kuye kwaholela yokuqothulwa yabo.

abazingeli basendulo

mammoth Njengoba esizingelwayo wabokuqala - akuyona ngokuqondile okwamanje. Lokho umzingeli ngalezo zikhathi ngokuvamile osolwa nolokubhujiswa tilwane letinkhulu. Esivuna nguqulo umkhiqizo uthi, wadala kusuka eyangaba izikhumba, okuyinto njalo atholakala ezindaweni zokupaka kwabakhileyo ezikhathini zasendulo.

Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo zosuku lwethu wenze lokhu nokucabanga ngokuya kungabazeka. Ngokusho ososayensi abathile, abantu kuphela wakhawula amalungu ababuthakathaka nabagulayo kwezinhlobo, hhayi phambili ukuzingela enempilo. Bogdanov, ungumdali imisebenzi "Izimfihlo impucuko elahlekile", kuholela i-agumenti enengqondo ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento ukuzingela mammoth. Uyakholelwa ukuthi izikhali emimoya abakhileyo Umhlaba lasendulo, ibhoboze isikhumba salezi zilwane akunakwenzeka.

Enye impikiswano eqinile - inyama stringy ezinzima, neze efanelekayo ukudla.

eziseduze

Elefasprimigenius - kwaba igama mammoth ngesiLatini. Igama kubonisa ubuhlobo babo obuseduze izindlovu, njengoba ukuhunyushwa kuzwakala "indlovu, izibulo lakho." Ngisho waveza umbono wokuthi ama-mammoth - iyona sikakhokho wezindlovu yesimanje, okuyizinto umphumela lithathelwe eziguquguqukayo isimo sezulu esifudumele.

Ucwaningo ososayensi isiJalimane, ngubani kuqhathaniswa DNA mammoth nezindlovu, uthi indlovu Indian kanye ama-mammoth kukhona amagatsha amabili lozalo lovela kwezindlovu zase-Afrika ziye endaweni ethile eminyakeni kwezigidi eziyisithupha. Ngukhokho lalesi silwane, njengoba kuboniswa zatholwa, wahlala Emhlabeni iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-7 edlule, okwenza okufushane unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa khona.

izinto eqaphelekayo

"Mammoth Kugcine" - isihloko okuyinto angabelwa ithole Dima, woolly olunezinyanga eziyisithupha, kabani la mathambo ukusebenza ngo-1977 yaseMagadana. eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 40 edlule, ingane zabhuntsha iqhwa oholele mummification yakhe. Lokhu iyona ndlovu engcono kwalondolozwa ukuthi kwatholakala abantu. Dima yaba umthombo ulwazi oluyigugu labo abahlanganyela ekutadisheni izinto eziphilayo.

mammoth ngokulinganayo eyaziwa Adams, owawungumnyaka skeleton lokuqala eliphelele, edlalwe emphakathini. Kwathi emuva 1808, kusukela ikhophi itholakala eMnyuziyamu Academy of Sciences. Nakhodka kwakungekaNkulunkulu Osip Shumahovu umzingeli ababehlala lokuqoqa amathambo mammoth.

Berezovsky Mammoth has a indaba efanayo, wayebuye abe umzingeli wathola eyangaba ogwini omunye wemifula yeSiberia. Imigomo bemba izinsalela wayengekho ncamashi evumayo, isizinda kwenziwa ezingxenyeni. walondoloza amathambo mammoth baye laba isisekelo segama lwamathambo omkhulu, izicubu ezithambile - into zokutadisha. Ukufa lamfica isilwane eminyakeni 55.

Matilda, uhlobo besifazane komlando, futhi wathola zonke abafundi. Izinkundla kwenzeka ngo-1939, la mathambo phezu lomfula Oesh.

imvuselelo kungenzeka

Abacwaningi banamuhla ayilokothi iyeke Okuthakazelisayo izilwane nezakudala like mammoth. Inani okutholakele nezakudala yesayensi limane, njengoba isisusa yonke imizamo uvuko yayo. Kuze kube manje, imizamo ukuze uzenze eziphilayo enganikanga imiphumela ingabonakali. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuntuleka izinga edingekayo material. Nokho, ucwaningo kule ndawo futhi ungacabangi off. Okwamanje, ososayensi ancike izinsalela besifazane wathola kamuva. Kuvele Ngokwesibonelo ibalulekile ngoba wahlala igazi ketshezi.

Yize cloning, it is wafakazela ukuthi umfanekiso abakhileyo emhlabeni lasendulo abuyiselwe yokunemba kanye imikhuba yakhe. Mammoth lungafani nsé njengobe tiniketwe emakhasini izincwadi. Ukutholakala ezithakazelisayo kunazo - asondeze ukuhlala kwezinhlobo Kutholwe ezithile lwethu, ukuthi siphuka kalula kuyinto skeleton yayo.