KumiswaIsayensi

Eruption. Ukwahlukaniswa main

Izintaba-mlilo ebizwa ngokuthi egqumeni, bathinteka phezu iziteshi nokusasamba e ungqimba lomhlaba, ezikhonjiswayo phezu kobuso magma emakamelweni imikhiqizo ezijulile kuqhuma. Sinenkosi ukuma Isigaxa nge wentaba phezulu. Umlomo mlilo - isiteshi exhumanisa isikhungo emhlabathini.

Imikhiqizo, okuyinto ufike surface eMhlabeni, ayahluka ngobukhulu nangendlela kwengoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuqhuma kungathatha indawo ngamandla ezahlukene kanye nesikhathi. Ngenxa yalezi zici senziwa lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yomsebenzi ngezigaba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi omunye kuqhuma kungathatha omunye umlingisi.

uhlobo Plinian yaqanjwa noPliny Omdala. isazi esingumRoma yafa ngesikhathi kuqhuma iNtaba iVesuvius ngo-79 AD. e. uhlobo Plinian kuyinto okujula ethile. Eruption ngesikhathi esifanayo ephelezelwa ukukhululwa kwe semali umlotha ukuze ukuphakama amakhilomitha angaba amashumi amabili amahlanu, futhi ingahlala amahora ambalwa noma ngezinye izikhathi ngisho izinsuku. imikhiqizo ekushayweni anikezwa ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, nevolumu kwazo kuvela 0.1 kuya 50 nokuningi cubic amakhilomitha. Eruption ohlobo Plinian kungaholela nciphisa sentaba kanye kumiswa lo mgodi. Kwezinye izimo, amafu ohangulayo akhiwa, kodwa lava notshwala zenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kulesi hlobo intabamlilo kwabheduka St Heles (US) ngo-1980.

uhlobo Peleysky libhekene khona lava viscous. Eqina ukuthela, kanjalo ukwakha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu domes extrusive. kwaqubuka Ngakho intabamlilo Pelée (phezu esiqhingini Martinique) ngo-1902.

uhlobo Vulcan ezahlukene umsebenzi iDemo. Kulokhu kuqhuma kungathatha imizuzu noma amahora athile. Noma kunjalo, zivuselelwa izinyanga eziningana ngemva kokuba izinsuku eziningana noma amasonto. Iqhuma zinezikhathi khona lolu hlobo magma uketshezi ukwakha lava notshwala. Izakhiwo kwakhiwa kusuka impahla pyroclastic futhi udaka olushisayo. Umthamo stratovolcanoes ivela eziyishumi eyikhulu namashumi cubic amakhilomitha. Extrusive Dome nomlotha kwekhabhoni waphawula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokusho uhlobo Vulcan ke Kuqubuka eGuatemala Fuego intabamlilo.

uhlobo Strombolian ibizwa ngokuthi behlonipha esiqhingini saseMelitha Stromboli. Ukuze lolu hlobo kuqhuma libhekene umsebenzi okuqhubekayo eruptive izinyanga ezimbalwa (kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka). Kulokhu, ikholomu eruptive akuvamile kunqoba amakhilomitha ayishumi. Ezinye izintaba-mlilo ziqhume yakha ilahle Izigaxa. Zakhiwa basalt (ogxile) andesite noma (akuvamile) le slag. Izigaxa kuvame kwakheka nokuqhuma olulodwa, kuyilapho bona abizwa ngokuthi izintaba-mlilo monogenic.

Emkhathini ohlobo Hawaiian libhekene isivuno Udaka oluncibilikayo. Emithonjeni amaphutha kanye waphuka bengase bazikhandlele omunye, ngezinye izikhathi amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ukuphakama. Lapho kukhona ukuzwakalisa eyodwa kuphela lava siyahluka radially. kwakhiwa Ngakho isihlangu awalethe nge emithambekeni emnene kakhulu (kufika ku-ke izinyathelo eziyishumi). awalethe okunjalo akhiwa izingqimba futhi awaqukethe umlotha. Isihlangu kuyinto mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni Manua Loa (Hawaii). Its ukuphakama - 4103 m. Lokhu kokuphakama has a ubude eziyikhulu namashumi amabili, nobubanzi kwaba amakhilomitha amahlanu. Imifudlana lava wayendlala esiqhingini endaweni amakhilomitha square abangaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu. Yalabo abangamashumi amane nambili namakhulu amahlanu cubic amakhilomitha yevolumu ezingaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalombili per cent ingaphansi kolwandle.

Zikhona nezinye izinhlobo nokuqhuma. Noma kunjalo, kwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Ngokwesibonelo, nokuqhuma ngwenya ngo-1965 e-Iceland intabamlilo Surtsey Isiqhingi kwamiswa.

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