Survey Environmental. Ubunjiniyela kwemvelo survey ukuze kwakhiwe

Engineering inhlolovo ukwakhiwa ingenye izigaba ezibalulekile umsebenzi, by design of izenzakalo ezidlule. Kulesi sigaba Ochwepheshe ukunquma izici kwendawo, izakhiwo inhlabathi, amathuba kwesicelo imiklamo ehlukahlukene kanye izinto. Imiphumela yokugcina ziyabhekelelwa lapho tisombululo ezobuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa okuhleliwe. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, survey kwemvelo bayingxenye ucwaningo olunzulu endaweni ethize futhi ikhonze njengomPristi umthombo wokwaziswa sokuthuthukisa ukuqinisekiswa womsebenzi wokwakha. Ikakhulukazi, idatha izifundo ezinjalo ngokuvamile ngesisekelo imibhalo imvelo sanitary.

isiqondiso zomthetho nezokulawula izifundo kwemvelo

Imithetho eyisisekelo ngokuhambisana okuyinto aqaphela umsebenzi prospecting, eyasungulwa izinhlinzeko zoMthetho SNIP. Ochwepheshe bahlakulele izidingo dokhumenti, okungase kwenziwe survey ubunjiniyela kanye nezemvelo ukuze kwakhiwe. SP 11-102-97, isibonelo, yabalelwa ngoba isicelo design futhi ucwaningo izinkampani noma izinhlangano ezisebenza emkhakheni ukwakhiwa kanye nomklamo.

Imithetho elawula umsebenzi izinkampani nesithakazelo kule nsimu futhi ngokuya izici ezingokomthetho, futhi ngokomthetho. Empeleni, ngaphandle imibhalo ababulawa kahle imiphumela yocwaningo, akukho inkampani uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokomthetho abanekhono wokwakha. Njengomthetho, survey kwemvelo ngenxa ucwaningo olunzulu ithuba ukulungiselela imibiko kanye uchwepheshe imicabango yabantu ku izinhlobo eziningana ukuhlolwa kuncike nezidingo zephrojekthi. Kuphoqelekile konjiniyela nabaqambi esivela ezinhlanganweni inhlolovo ngosizo izici zezulu lokuhlala ngemuva kwezinto ezingcolisayo. Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke izifundo ezithathwa kwenziwe ingxenye izifundo kwemvelo.

Ukwakheka komsebenzi inhlolovo

Base ucwaningo eziyisisekelo okubizwa ngokuthi umtapo izinto futhi ulwazi mayelana nesimo imvelo wendawo. Ngokuhamba ukutadisha izici ukuqhathanisa amathuluzi lingasetshenziswa izinto ezifanayo, letisebenta ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zemvelo. Futhi, ubuchwepheshe besimanje ikuvumela ukuba liyobamba izinhlobo eziningi. Le ndawo ihlanganisa ucwaningo kanye nencazelo Aerospace izinto, futhi ukusetshenziswa multispectral futhi radar sokudubula.

Yiqiniso, indawo ekhethekile kuhlala emoyeni inhlolovo futhi imvelo sisonke ngokuya ukungcola. Namuhla lolu cwaningo lokungena kwemvelo thukela ngaphandle nokuhlolwa isimo ngemisebe, imiphumela engokomzimba omubi semvelo, izibonelo zalokho lokungcoliswa komoya, njll izinsiza kwamanzi nazo kuncike ekutadisheni izici ezihlukahlukene egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. Lesi sigaba sokuhlaziya Kubalulekile futhi ukuthuthukiswa amaphrojekthi zokuhlala izindlu nokwakha ukukhiqizwa izindawo.

Ukuqoqwa izinto ucwaningo

Ochwepheshe ukuqoqa izinto ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nesimo se-izimo zemvelo esifundeni enombono zamagama okwengeziwe nokuhlaziya. Ngqo bezindonga ulwazi etholakale iyafaneleka cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi esisekelweni umklamo kukhethwa kokuphothula ukufulela. Kulokhu, hhayi yonke imininingwane etholwe ngokuhamba ukuhlolwa entsha laboratory. Ezinye izinto angatholakala yokugcina ka iziphathimandla abanekhono zendawo ukuthi imisebenzi yokuphepha. Kahle kahle, lokhu kungase kube maphakathi ucwaningo sezulu ukuqapha kwemvelo, kanye izisekelo indawo design nocwaningo izinhlangano.

Ngokuphathelene imiphumela emisha yocwaningo, i-engineering kanye survey kwemvelo ehilela nokuqoqwa, ukuhlaziywa nokutadisha imibuso eyakha lo wendawo imvelo. Lezi zihlanganisa umhlabathi, landscape, zoogeographic kanye namanye amaphepha emvume ezibonisa izimfanelo nezici yezingxenye yemvelo ezindaweni ezithize.

kokuma umzila

Ngokuvamile indlela okubonwa sibandulele izinhlobonhlobo eyinhloko yomsebenzi ucwaningo emkhakheni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-engineering kanye survey kwemvelo ngalesi sigaba ephelezelwa decrypting ithebula landscape-Inkomba, kuhlanganise ukucaciseleka yomuntu izici sezwe, ukuqapha imiphumela kanye izinguquko ukuze Samandla. Umsebenzi oyinhloko kokuma Umzila ukuthola nemingcele ambalwa kanye qualitative izici izingxenye izimo zemvelo zendawo.

Kulesi ingxenye imininingwane eyaqoqwa esiqhingini komhlaba futhi kwamanzi, imvelo Geological isimo inhlabathi, izilwane nezitshalo imihlaba, amathonya yabantu, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola kwemvelo yalolu hlobo ingase ihlanganise ukuthuthukisa nezindawo ukuhlola. Kwenziwe ngokudlula ezindaweni uhambo izindawo zokulahla, landfills, amathangi ukonakala, isitoreji amathangi kanye neminye imithombo yingozi yokungcola.

yokwemba

Kulesi sigaba kwezimiso zobunjiniyela-Geological elilinganisiwe sezwe. Ukwakheka sikuhlaziye degree of permeability zenhlabathi, amadwala ahlolwe futhi kufakazelwa ukuba khona okungenzeka izingxenye amanzi nemithi kanye nokuxhumana uketshezi phakathi kwamanzi kwamanzi bese ugelezela aquifers.

Kulesi sigaba, ikakhulukazi izici okusobala kwezinto inhlolovo, okuyinto bukhomba indawo Geological nezinhlolovo kwemvelo. Wemihlaba usebenze Ukukhetha inhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nomhlabathi ukucacisa Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye ukuhlonza okuqukethwe izakhi engafuni. Ngokushesha yokwemba esisogwini kusetshenziswe ukuqondanisa ukuthi uthathe perpendicular isikhundla isihlobo izakhi imingcele geomorphology.

Soil survey kwemvelo

cwaningo inhlabathi kungaba kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Injongo inhlolovo kutfola kutsi ukwakhiwa esivezwa kuzothinta ehlathini umhlaba wokulima eseduze izakhiwo. Futhi ukuthatha umhlabathi kungaba kwenziwe ye ukuhlaziya olunye ukuthi kungenzeka yokuhlala kufika ezaleni lenkunkuma yokugcina imfucuza. Ngokuphambene, survey kwemvelo ukuze kwakhiwe inhlolovo enhlabathini kungaba kwenziwe sokuthuthukiswa amaphrojekthi engadini noma ezindaweni zokungcebeleka.

Amapharamitha kokuqala idatha ezinhlobo inhlabathi zinqunywa esekelwe iqoqo futhi laboratory ukuhlaziya izinto eziqoqiwe. Nalapha futhi, asikho isidingo ukuqoqa amasampula ngqo kusayithi ukwakhiwa esizayo noma nokubekwa nezinye izinto. Ziqeqeshe ukuhlaziya amasampula, okuyizinto anawo cadastre indawo ngaso.

Kuhlola izinqubo eziyingozi ngokomzimba

Ocwaningweni izindawo ngoba ukungcoliswa lokuhlushwa ekhethekile isici esetshenziswa, olukukhombayo isimo kwemvelo endaweni. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okuyisizinda ezingeni lesifunda ukungcoliswa kungase kukhethwe inhlabathi amasampula okuhambisanayo engaphandle Ukusabalala endaweni imisebenzi yabantu bendawo. Ukuhlinzekwa nemibandela ekhethekile ngesikhathi semicimbi izibonelo zalokho zifakwe ubunjiniyela kanye nezemvelo survey ukuze kwakhiwe. SP 11-102-97, ngokukhethekile, kubangele amasampula ongemuva okhethiwe ohlangothini windward kuhambisana ibanga ukusuka zokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphuzu Ukukhetha kufanele akhiwe m okungenani 500 kusukela emendweni.

isiphetho

Naphezu focus emincane ucwaningo kwemvelo, benza umnikelo obalulekile ikusasa ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa endaweni ethize. Kuye izici ukwakhiwa into, ochwepheshe ukucacisa izakhiwo endaweni by criteria eziningana. Izenzo ezinhle esibanzi survey kwemvelo, okuyinto intengo kungenzeka emhlabeni izinkulungwane 10-15. Hlikihla. Lokhu kukhetha ewusizo uma uhlela ukwakhiwa indlu yangasese noma luhlobo ezimbonini. Umnikazi utawubese bakwazi ukuhlola hhayi kuphela isimo kwemvelo endaweni, kodwa futhi baqoqe ku Hydrology, inhlabathi kanye nemithombo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ikhwalithi Imininingwane wathola incike kwekhono inhlangano izinkontileka ahlolisise umsebenzi.