Umzimba

Umzimba - inqubo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi. It libhekene ukuqaliswa ukuguquka omzimba yizici zamakhemikhali. Le nqubo kunomthelela umsebenzi, umnotho, ukuthuthukisa kanye ukuphila umzimba iyonke. Engels, Umshicilelo echaza umzimba, wathi lokhu kuyisibonakaliso oyinhloko ekuphileni, futhi baphawula ukuthi ukuqedwa inqubo ziyoma futhi ukuphila. Esikhathini ukuguqulwa yizici zamakhemikhali ekhiqizwa amandla adingekayo ukuze yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe.

Umzimba, njengoba yaziwa, siqukethe izinqubo ezimbili okuphambene okwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Dissimilation (catabolism) sicuketse imikhiqizo ukuphendula ngenxa nokwahlukana, kulandele namachibi futhi deducing izingxenye kwamazinyo. Nokwenziwa (anabolism), eqala wonke ukusabela ezihlobene zamagama izakhi ezifanele umzimba kanye nokwenziwa kanye nesicelo sokuthuthukisa yabo, ukukhula, umsebenzi.

Umzimba - amandla eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinqubo kwamakhemikhali ohlinzekela ukusetshenziswa izithako ukudla nezidingo umzimba, lihlangabezana isidingo imikhiqizo amandla futhi plastic.

Ngo isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, izinto (carbohydrate, amafutha, amaphrotheni kanye namanye eliphezulu yamangqamuzana isisindo compounds) ahlukaniselwe compounds okulula (ongaphakeme isisindo yamangqamuzana). Kwakamuva ngemva Ukungena singene wegazi nezicubu babhekana kugucuka okwalandela: phosphorylation oxidative, nezinye namachibi aerobic.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umzimba ngamunye ophilayo kwenzeke izinqubo ezihlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali. Esikhathini emizimbeni non-ophilayo livela esikhundleni sama-athomu nezinhlayiyana ezincane, abalandeli babo.

Ngo ngifundela ukwethulwa Tracer ezilwaneni kwatholakala ukuthi zonke izinqubo umzimba e kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zenzeka njalo. Akukona phendla phi izingqinamba phakathi "amandla" nelithi "ukwakhiwa" ka-molecule. ukunyakaza wabo umzimba ngokulinganayo eziyisisekelo.

It yasungulwa ukuthi isigamu isilinganiso zonke izicubu amaprotheni womuntu kushintsha njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-ayisishiyagalombili. Isibindi enzyme (salokhu umzimba elinesimo ukusabela okukhulu kakhulu) kubuyekezwa njalo ngemva kwamahora amabili noma amane. Kukhona ezinye izinto okuyinto izibuyekezo zivela njalo emashumini ambalwa imizuzu.

izinqubo umzimba unikeze ashukumisayo ibhalansi uhlelo njengoba eziphilayo. Kule nqubo yokuchaza izinto zamagama nokubhujiswa, ukubhujiswa nokukhiqizwa olinganiselayo. umzimba Engalungile kuhambisana ukungalingani. Lokhu, kuholela iziyaluyalu kwezitho izinhlelo.

Ngesisekelo ukusabela umzimba kwenza ukuxhumana-molecule ama-athomu ezingeni physico-amakhemikhali. Lobu buhlobo kungaphansi kwemithetho efanayo Animate futhi ezintweni ezingaphili.

izinqubo umzimba atehlukaniseki ne exchange of energy. Izinto eziphilayo ezibhekwa izinhlelo evulekile (ngokuya amandla). Kuye naphakathi ezizungezile umzimba, ngaphakathi (umzimba) kwenzeka amandla kumiswa. Ngakho, ukuba khona kuqinisekiswa lapho okuqhubekayo amandla wokufaka kusukela ngaphandle.

Ukuze abantu nezinkomo oyinhloko amandla umthombo emisebeni yelanga. Ngenxa ukuchayeka yayo kwenzeka kanye nokudla imfundo.

Ukudla kuyinto Ukwakheka zingafani futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Kakhulu e izakhi eziyinhloko - macronutrients. Lezi zihlanganisa carbohydrate, amafutha, amaphrotheni. Ukudla futhi samanje nokumbiwa izakhi (macronutrients). Lezi zihlanganisa i-sodium, phosphorus, i -calcium kanye nabanye. Yethula ukudla trace izakhi: selenium, manganese, iodine, zinc, cobalt, ithusi kanye nabanye. Bekanye amavithamini namaminerali bangabohlobo ekilasini micronutrients.