Amandla abantu - intando yeningi: uhlobo isakhiwo sepolitiki isimo

Omunye ezivame kakhulu kuleli zwe lanamuhla uyisibonelo zezombusazwe, lapho abantu - yenethiwekhi amandla isimo. Nokuqalisa imodeli okunjalo kungaba ngezindlela eziningana.

kokubusa abantu

Uma sikhuluma wezombusazwe, okuyinto ngokucacile kakhulu esashiwo abantu, kunengqondo ukucabanga ngentando yeningi. Yilapho-ke sihlanganisa isimiso iqhaza izakhamuzi isigcino yezwe futhi idivayisi yayo.

Ukunaka kwencazelo uhulumeni onjalo, oza mqondo ezilandelayo: intando yeningi - kuyinto wezombusazwe lapho njengoba komthombo esisemthethweni Amandla abantu baqaphela kuleli zwe. Izakhamizi ungaphatha ngaphandle labalamuli (intando yeningi ngqo), noma ngokukhetha abameleli abayoba baphishekele izithakazelo isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke (intando yeningi omele). Kunoma ikuphi, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni yakha edingekayo ukuphathwa abanekhono yezwe.

Empeleni, injongo eyinhloko yedimokhrasi ukuqinisekisa nenkululeko yezakhamizi zakuleliya nasekuphumeleliseni isu, ogxile nezithakazelo zabo. Kulokhu, kunengqondo ukukhumbula isikhundla-Abraham Lincoln, owayekholelwa ukuthi intando yeningi - lena igama abantu ukulawula, amabutho kanye abantu.

Wayekuphi okokuqala waqaphela amandla abantu

Lolu hlobo bezimiso zezombangazwe, intando yeningi kwamiswa eGrisi lasendulo. Kuyinto kulelizwe alalelwa kakhulu nempikiswano amandla izakhamuzi futhi ucabangela nezici ezihlukahlukene umfuziselo ezinjalo.

Kodwa lo mbono luyasetshenziswa amaGreki ngokwengxenye, kwakungenxa yokuthi, njengoba kwakungenza abantu bezizwe nezigqila ayikwazanga chasiselwe isigaba izakhamuzi. Kamuva, ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene medieval isicelo imodeli efanayo yokhetho lapho akubona bonke benawo amalungelo alinganayo. Ngamanye amazwi, amandla abantu abakhona, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu unelungelo zibaliwe phakathi kwabantu.

Ngenxa yalezi zici, abacwaningi lolu hlobo isimiso sezombangazwe okuye kwaziwa ngokuthi Ngokwentando yeningi isigqila-enamaphiko.

Izici ekubuseni kwanamuhla kwentando yeningi

Ngokuqondene umphakathi wamanje, nemigomo yentsandvo yelinyenti ke nokuqalisa izikhulu ezihlukahlukene umphakathi, okuyizinto efaneleka kakhulu yokwenza umqondo lamazwe emakethe umnotho (amazwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-United States).

Lokhu kwaholela ekusungulweni lezi izici ekubuseni kwanamuhla kwentando yeningi:

• amandla ombuso ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile: umthetho, mphathi zokwahlulela;
• Iziphathimandla zokhetho samanje;
• esizweni esincane ilawulwe iningi;
• amalungelo weMinority avikelekile;
• lwenteke nenkululeko ezombusazwe kanye namalungelo.

intando yeningi ngqo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isimo libukeka, lapho yaqaphela amandla ngqo kwabantu, kudingeka ukuba banake imodeli sokubusa ngentando yeningi ngqo.

Umehluko omkhulu kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo ukungabi abaxhumanisi phakathi nesikhathi kumiswa intando yabantu ukusebenza nokusebenzisa. Emphakathini wanamuhla, umbono isimo yaqaphela ngokubamba ukhetho, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kwaba inkulumo kungenzeka ngentando abantu ngokuqondene nokuthi ubani bamele izimfuno izakhamuzi kuhulumeni.

Amanye amazwe usebenza ngesisekelo umtsetfo yamafomu ngqo iqhaza ethandwa enqubeni zomthetho. Sikhuluma imizamo ehlukahlukene referendums izixazululo.

Ngaphansi inhlolovo kuyadingeka ukuze siyiqonde inkulumo zabantu amandla ngokusebenzisa ukuvota oqondile ezindabeni kazwelonke ukhiye. Futhi kungaba into njengoba izingxoxo kudingekile ukulungisa isinqumo uhulumeni, futhi inqubo amandla kabusha ukhetho noma uvimba umthetho oqondile.

Njengoba for isinyathelo, kulesi simo sikhuluma nezinqubo ezidingekayo ngokusemthethweni ukunikeza izakhamizi noma izishayamthetho ukucabangela noma yini. Njengomthetho, ukuqaliswa yayo isetshenziswa ukuqoqa inani elidingekayo nesignesha ezivumela ukuqalisa inhlolovo.

Uma sikhuluma ngezinye izindlela lapho intando yeningi kuzibonakalisa, amandla abantu kanye nenkululeko yezakhamizi, ngenxa yalokho, kuyafaneleka kokukhuluma nokumasha, imibuthano, imiboniso kanye nezikhalazo emagunyeni, kungakhathaliseki izinga labo. Ngokuvamile njengoba ithuluzi for the ukugcwaliseka intando yeningi esetshenziswa abezindaba.

intando yeningi omele

Kulesi zohulumeni akuyona inkulumo ngqo intando abantu. Kula mazwe kusetshenziswa abaxhumanisi Institute, kanye uhlelo efanayo nalena ebizwa ngokuthi intando yeningi eqokiwe.

Ngokusho imiphumela yokhetho, abaholi bezombusazwe Amalungu okuthiwa igunya ukwethenjwa kubantu. Bona kamuva kukhona ithuluzi lapho amandla abantu loluphelele. izenzo ezinjalo ngesimo izinqumo kanye nomthetho othize, ukuthuthukiswa zazo zihilelekile isakhiwo zezombusazwe.

ubuhlobo phakathi abantu ngokwabo kanye nabameli babo ezinjalo zisekelwe umqondo wemfanelo negunya kahulumeni ukuze izakhamuzi.

Emihle nemibi onobuhle ehlukahlukene

Njengoba singabona, yabantu, kodwa emandleni lingelalabo, kungaba igcwaliseke ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ngokwakha ungqimba kwabalamuli.

Ukuze sihlole ngemodeli ngayinye, kuhle ukucabangela izinzuzo kungenzeka kanye nobubi obuthile. Ngakho iziphi bokwenza ekhona intando yeningi ngqo:

• ngokusho kwabaphikisi yalolu hlobo yentando yeningi, abantu ngokuvamile abasangulukile ngokomzwelo akanayo zamakhono eyanele yokwenza izinqumo zezombangazwe nezomnotho ukhiye;
• ekuthathweni kwezinqumo uhambisane inqubo inombolo ngokwanele elikhulu iqhaza kunzima;
• okusheshayo ekuthathweni nazo buphazanyiswe ukusabalala abalulekile kwemibono;
• Enye impikiswano ngokumelene umthetho oqondile abantu - yikhono lokuxhaphaza ukubukwa yabaholi civil abanekhono futhi hhayi ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza kakhulu.

Izinzuzo Njengoba kusobala ukuthi kwakungahlosiwe intando yeningi ngqo ezashiwo lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• uma lolu hlobo uhulumeni inkulumo ethi eliphezulu kakhulu amandla abantu imizamo izakhamuzi ' futhi referendums, ekuvimbeleni ukuhlanekezela intando bakuleli zwe;

• isimiso esinjalo kakhulu wenabisa tetembusave yezakhamuzi.

Kepha bokwenza lokubandakanya abantu, bungokulandelayo:

• isikhundla futhi ifayela amasekela ayifakiwe ukhiye izinqumo;
• Amasekela kukhona ukona kusukela kubantu akhethwe kubo, okuholela ezingeni kahle eliphezulu of nenchubokuphatsa;
• amaqembu ingcindezi Inamandla kungase nethonya kuqala izinqumo ezibalulekile;
• kakhulu buthaka ukulawula yeningi kusukela ngezansi.

Kodwa intando yeningi omele kunezinzuzo kuphawuleka ukuthi oyingqayizivele Kuyaphawuleka:

• amalungu nge ezingeni lelisetulu amakhono zezombusazwe, esikhundleni abamele abantu abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, okuyinto kukhulisa ematfuba ukwakheka kanye nokuqaliswa efanele kunayo lwentuthuko isimo;
• kuba nokwenzeka ukufeza ukulingana izithakazelo ekwenzeni izinqumo.

Umgomo isimo wentando yeningi

Akhuluma ngokuzokwenzeka imiqondo ezifana "namandla", "abantu", "zoMbuso '" nenkululeko yezakhamizi zakuleliya ", kubalulekile ukuba banake imbangela ukudala umthethosisekelo kanye nemisebenzi yayo eziyisisekelo.

Lezi zinhloso ezilandelayo:

• Inkulumo nemvume yokubopha abantu;
• izinhlobo ezithile kokungathembeki ibhodi;
• ukulawulwa amandla yahulumende.

ekuqaleni Futhi, umthethosisekelo ivumela bona samagugu entando yeningi bese kuphela ukubhekana yokuthengisa zabo.

isiphetho

Ukutadisha umlando uthi ehlukahlukene, asisakwazi ukuba afinyelele isiphetho esobala: intando yeningi, lapho has a ifomu abanekhono futhi ngokwethembeka okungadonsela samuntu ngaphakathi ezweni elithile, kuba omunye imodeli engcono ezindabeni zezombangazwe zomphakathi wanamuhla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkululeko yabantu uyosindiswa, futhi izithakazelo zakhe ziyabhekelelwa futhi ezisebenzayo.