Ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic: izimbangela nemiphumela

Izintaba-mlilo ziyiziphambeko ezingaphezulu komhlaba, lapho i-magma ezayo iphenduka khona, iphenduke ibe yi-lava futhi ihambisane namabhomu e-volcanic. Zitholakala ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kepha eMhlabeni kunezindawo zokuqoqwa kwazo okukhethekile. Lokhu okulandelayo kubangelwa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kwezwe. Zonke izintaba-mlilo, kuye ngokuthi indawo kanye nomsebenzi wazo, zihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko: komhlaba, subglacial futhi ngaphansi kwamanzi, aphelile, alele futhi asebenze.

Isayensi ehilelekile ekufundeni kwayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-volcanology. Lesi yisiyalo esisemthethweni esiqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, njengombuso, kwenzeka ngokujwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqwaba yamagesi ne-ash ash volcanic isuke emkhathini. Eminyakeni eyikhulu eminyaka edlule, abantu bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinqubo zibangelwa ukufutheka konkulunkulu. Njengamanje, isintu siyazi ukuthi ukuqhuma kungokwemvelo, futhi izimbangela zokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo zikhona ezindaweni ezijulile zomhlaba, lapho i-magma eshisayo iqoqa khona. Kwezinye izindawo, kancane kancane uqala ukuphakama emiphakathini yezintaba-mlilo. I-magma evamile iyadlula kalula i-gas evaporation ehlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ama-lava ashiya kancane ngokuthula. Konke kubonakala sengathi kuthululwa.

I-acid magma, eqina kakhulu esakhiweni sayo, igcina ukukhuphuka kwegesi isikhathi eside, okwenza kube nokucindezela okukhulu, nokuqhuma kwe-volcanic kuthatha uhlobo lokuqhuma okukhulu. Lesi simo singabangelwa nokuhamba kwamapuleti we- tectonic nokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo ezinjalo zomhlaba kubangela ukuthi kuvele ukuphuma kwe-pyroclastic ebulalayo , okuhlukile emandleni abo. Ziqukethe igesi elishisayo nomlotha futhi zithwalwa emithambekeni ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhululwa kwezinto ezinobuthi emkhathini kanye nokushisa okushisayo kugeleza phezulu. Imiphumela yokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo ezihamba ngezinhlanzi zihlobene ngokuqondile nokubunjwa kwamaza abulalayo kanye nama-tsunami. Amaphutha ahlobene ne-subglacial ngenxa yokuqhuma kwawo okukhulu, kuye ngokuthi indawo ye geological kanye nendawo, ingaholela ekwakheni ama-landslides, amadokomine anamandla nokuwa kwama-glaciers ngokwabo. Ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic, njengombuso, kuhlobene nokulahlekelwa kwesembozo somhlabathi, ukungcola komoya, ukungcola kwamanzi, amachibi, imifula, ngakho-ke, amanzi okuphuza.

Ngokuhlukile kufanele kubone ukuphazanyiswa ekusebenzeni kwezizinda ezihlukahlukene, ukubhujiswa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala nezindawo ezingekho zokuhlala, indlala nokusabalalisa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezifo.

Imiphumela yokuqhuma kwemifula enamandla inomthelela oqondile ekuguquleni kwesimo sezulu futhi ingabangela ukuqala kobusika okuthiwa yi-volcanic. Umlotha namagesi okwakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kufinyelela emkhathini wendawo, futhi, njengengubo, ihlanganisa umhlaba wonke. Imisebe yelanga izophela ukungena, futhi i-sulfuric acid izokwehla phezulu njengemvula . Umphumela ozophumela kulolu hlelo uzofana nemiphumela yebusika yenukliya. Ukuphazamiseka kwalolu hlobo akuvamile, futhi namuhla ososayensi benza konke okusemandleni ukunciphisa amathuba okuba khona.