Metal conductivity kagesi njengoba sinjalo

Akekho namuhla akumangazi ukuthi, ngokuthinta inkinobho, singabona umlilo ingilazi yesibani. Ngokuvamile singazi ngisho bacabanga ukuthi zonke lezi zenzo zisekelwe uchungechunge imihlola ngokomzimba. Omunye imihlola ukwazi kakhulu ezifana - the conductivity kagesi of izinsimbi, esinikela ukugeleza kagesi.

Okokuqala nje, mhlawumbe, kufanele unqume ukuthi simayelana nani. Ngakho, conductivity yikhono lomcebo kudlule kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezahlukene babe lokhu ikhono degrees obuhlukahlukene. Ngokusho degree of conductivity kagesi e ketshezi kukhona ehlukanisiwe babashayeli, Semiconductors futhi insulators.

Uma ubheka idatha zokuhlola etholwe abacwaningi lapho kutadishwa kagesi, kuyacaca ukuthi conductivity ngezinto yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke. Lokhu kuqinisekisa umkhuba wansuku, lapho inkinga yokudlulisela kagesi esetshenziswa metal izintambo. Lokho izinsimbi ngokuyinhloko isinyathelo babashayeli kagesi. Futhi incazelo salokhu zingatholakala ku-mbono electron of izinsimbi.

Ngokwe yokugcina, umqhubi kuyinto ngehele crystalline kabani ISIZINDA hlala ama-athomu. Ziyakwazi obukhulu kakhulu futhi zihlanganiswa ukuba eduze carbon ama-athomu efana, Ngakho-ke ukuhlala kakhulu endaweni ngehele crystalline. Yini engase ishiwo electron, esisogwini amagobolondo yangaphandle zama-athomu. Lezi electron bayakwazi ukuhambahamba nemiyalezo, obumba okuthiwa "igesi electronic". Lapha i conductivity electronic izinsimbi, futhi isekelwe kulezi electron.

Njengobufakazi bokuthi uhlobo kagesi ngenxa electron, singakhumbula okwenzeka physics German Rikke, ilethwa 1901. Wathatha zekoporo ezimbili futhi womunye aluminium isilinda nge semikhawulweni ophucuziwe ngokucophelela, wabeka phezu kwelinye futhi idlule kubo zamanje. Ngokusho nomqondo experimenter uma conductivity kagesi of izinsimbi kubangelwa ama-athomu, ukudluliswa izidakamizwa kwakuyokwenzeka. Nokho, ngemuva kokuphumelela kagesi ngoba amasilinda, mass aliguquki.

Lo mphumela kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi conductivity kagesi of izinsimbi kubangelwa ezinye izinhlayiya esingokwemvelo bonke babashayeli. Kuleli qhaza lethu nje bamba electron, okuyinto ngalesi sikhathi kwaba kakade. Esikhathini esizayo, sachitha ucwaningo eziningana elihlakaniphile, futhi zonke waqinisekisa ukuthi i kagesi kubangelwa ukuhamba electron.

Ngokuhambisana imiqondo yesimanje ye crystal ngehele metal emaphuzwini yayo ion elise futhi electron sishukumiseleka kuqhathaniswa ngokukhululekile therebetween. Lokho inombolo enkulu kangaka electron futhi ahlinzeke eliphezulu kagesi conductivity metal. Ephambi kwezinduna encane umehluko ezingaba ku umqhubi semikhawulweni lezi electron khulula aqale ukuhambisa, elibangela i kagesi.

Lapha-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi conductivity asivumelani ngokuqinile lokushisa nasekuthengeni. Ngakho, nge okwandisa izinga lokushisa komzimba conductivity ngezinto incipha, futhi Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwandisa njengoba lokushisa lehla, kuze lo mkhuba umumo wokwakha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi nakuba conductivity babe zonke izinsimbi, inani layo ngamunye wabo siqu yayo. conductivity Kuhle we kabanzi kunazo ngethusi kagesi nensimbi has.

Ngakho, indaba encishisiwe inika umqondo wokuthi imelela conductivity kagesi of izinsimbi, uchaza ubunjalo kagesi futhi uchaza ukuthi yini eyabangela ke. Banikezwe incazelo ngehele crystal of izinsimbi futhi abanye umphumela izici zangaphandle ku conductivity.