Eyokuqala isikhala izivakashi amafu Dennis Tito. umlando indiza

Amafu Dennis Tito (owazalwa ngo-Agasti 8, 1940 ku Queens, eNew York, eU.SA) - Usomabhizinisi waseMelika, owaba umuntu wokuqala oyimfihlo ababekhokhela uhambo lwakhe emkhathini.

i-curriculum vitae

Tito wathola iziqu ze-Bachelor yakhe Aeronautics and Astronautics at New York University ngo-1962 futhi Master of Engineering Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute e Troy, NY, ngo-1964. Wayesebenza wobunjiniyela Aerospace ngesikhathi Laboratory Jet Propulsion we-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), lapho wasiza ukuhlela nokulawula ohambweni-Mars, "Mariner-4" futhi "Mariner 9". Ngo-1972 wesula Space emkhakheni wezezimali futhi wasiza bathole American utshalomali ngokuqinile Wilshire Associates, kanye ukudala inkomba "Wilshire 5000" - elithile yokulinganisa US stock market. Waqale asetshenziswa amathuluzi zezibalo asetshenziswe uhlelo isikhala, ukunquma izingozi kwezimakethe.

Manje noma ungalokothi

Apreli 28, 2001 - usuku lokuzalwa commercial indiza emkhathini. Ngalolu suku, lo somabhizinisi American nguye owaba ngowokuqala isikhala izivakashi emlandweni. Wakhokha ukuhlala kwakhe kwi-ISS, kanye ukulethwa yabo ngumgibeli ibhodi ezokuthutha mkhathi Russian "Soyuz". emva kweminyaka engamashumi amane Yuri Gagarin waba umuntu wokuqala emkhathini, Tito wabonisa ukuthi ukuya emkhathini kungenzeka ukwenza imali, imali eningi, njengoba wafaka round isamba - kwezigidi ezingu-20 nge-USD.

Wayefuna ukuya emkhathini njengoba isikhathi indiza Yuriya gagarina. Futhi Dennis waqala ukuhumusha iphupho lakhe libe into engokoqobo ekuqaleni kuka-2000. Ngalowo nyaka ephenduka eminyakeni engu-60 ubudala, futhi wayenomuzwa wokuthi amathuba akhe okuthola emkhathini lincibilika ngokushesha. Yize-astronaut izibulo Dick Slayton, owayevakashela emzileni ngo-1975 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-51.

Tito Futhi ngazitshela. "Manje noma akakaze '

Ngo-June 2000, usayine isivumelwano ne MirCorp, ezazihlanganisa indiza ababegibele "Soyuz TM-32" on the Russian isikhala esiteshini "Mir". Nokho, ngo-December ngomnyaka ofanayo, kulezi izinhlelo kuhlulekile, njengoba iRussia wamemezela ukuthi uhlela ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni emzileni esiteshini ukuguga ( "Mir" washiswa emkhathini ngo-March 2001).

Naphezu sithiyo, amafu Dennis Tito ngokushesha bavumelana futhi. Yena usayine isivumelwano nenkampani Space Adventures, okuyinto eye yaba umlamuleli for ukulethwa abantu yangasese isikhala. Ngaleso sikhathi, ISS sasisihlanganyela empeleni esasisesisha, umkhandlu wamadoda olwaqala ngo-November 1998.

Sand e amasondo

Uhlangothi Russian bavuma ukuthatha imali futhi Tito ukumqhubela indawo emkhunjini "Union." Kodwa ezinye nozakwethu esiteshini, ikakhulukazi NASA kanye ejensi isikhala yaseCanada, eYurophu naseJapane, asikasethwa omuhle. Bamane watshela Russia ukuthi it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba ndizela Dennis.

NASA abameleli ngenkathi, isimiso, hhayi kuqhathaniswa khona amakhasimende ukukhokha ebhodini elabhorethri azungeza. Bamane wayengakholelwa ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa Apreli Tito kuyoba okwanele, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lisikisela ngezenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebalulekile esiteshini.

Embikweni owakhishwa abezindaba nge NASA ku-March 19, 2001, kwathiwa ukuthi khona zezisebenzi ze-non-professional azifundisiwe ukusebenza zonke izinhlelo ezibucayi iziteshi ukuthi ngeke sakwazi ukuphendula kanye nokusiza kunoma isiphi isimo esiphuthumayo ezingase ziphakame, futhi lapho kuzodinga zokuqapha njalo, kuzoletha ingcindezi enkulu umkhankaso nayo kuzonciphisa izinga jikelele ukuphepha ISS.

Eyokuqala isikhala izivakashi ukholelwa yobudala bakhe futhi indima ethile. Ngokusho kwakhe, abantu abadala zenzeka nokumelwa yinhliziyo, nemivimbo, futhi noma yini kodwa ezokuthutha isidumbu emuva Earth bekungeke kube elula kakhulu nasengqondweni nzima. Ngakho-ke, i-NASA uye wenza konke angakwenza ukuze Tito ayikwazanga fly ngo-Ephreli.

izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili Star City

Kodwa Tito akazange adikibale. Waqhubeka ukuqeqeshwa at Star City eduze eMoscow, lapho osomkhathi ziqeqeshwa Yuri Gagarin izikhathi. Tito wachitha isikhathi esiningi sonyaka lapho, ngokuba in limbo. Ngokusho kwakhe, kwakungelula. Wayefanele ahlale eRussia izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, hhayi ncamashi azi it will fly noma cha.

Ekugcineni, uDennis ukuphikelela kwabo kwabasiza. Ngokuhamba ukuphikisa NASA, wathunyelwa ku-orbit Apreli 28, 2001, waba umuntu 415th wake zafinyelela emkhathini.

Ngokusho uTito, konke ukuxakeka nangobunzima kukhona ehlala isikhashana, kulapho ukuthi ejensi asekelwe isikhala izivakashi elandelayo abaye bavakashela elabhorethri azungeza futhi bekulokhu kunjalo sisekele yangasese indiza isikhala jikelele.

dream zigcwaliseka

Eyokuqala isikhala izivakashi lagibela orbit, wachitha cishe ezinsukwini eziyisithupha ebhodini ISS, bese esesifundazweni Kazakhstan Meyi 6, 2001.

Umsebenzi wakhe kwakungekhona kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba liphefumulelwe eziningana izimali ngasese ukuya emkhathini. Mhlawumbe, inkampani Virgin Galactic Richarda Brensona, iBlue Origin Dzheffa Bezosa, ngisho SpaceX Eloni Musk ngeke avele leli bhizinisi, uma indiza Dennisa Tito akazange athathe indawo. Ngokwesibonelo zakhe zabonisa ukuthi indiza emkhathini iyatholakala abantu maqondana ukulolonga umzimba, kanye ngokwezezimali.

Ngasohlangothini lwalo Tito ujabule ahlanganyela kulo lokuzalwa umkhakha, nakuba labo bonke credit ngezithukuthuku osomabhizinisi kanye nezivakashi esemkhathini oweza emva kwakhe. Futhi kuye, yebo, uhambo uyohlale ezikhona ezingeni eliphakeme kakhudlwana siqu ngaphezulu. Ngokusho uhambo Tito kwaba iphupho yakhe eneminyaka engu-40 ubudala. Flight wamnika umuzwa ukuphelela kokuphila - konke ayokwenza kwalokho kungaba umvuzo ezengeziwe ngaye.

Amafu Dennis Tito - isikhala izivakashi

Tito wafika Kazakh asemaqeleni wagibela kokwehla capsule "Soyuz" mkhathi, okuyinto bambuyisela kanye Cosmonauts ezimbili Russian ISS Earth. Dennis, Talgat Musabayev futhi Yuri Baturin sase sifika 05:42 GMT. Osomkhathi ugibelile namarokhethi ukuba akufake ukuwa parachute. amahora amathathu ngaphambi capsule "Soyuz" undocked kusukela Space Station futhi waqala yayo Uzalo umbani okusheshayo ku-Earth.

Esikhathini ividiyo yokugcina isikhala Tito wathi yena ugcwalisé iphupho wokuphila kwakhe, kungcono ukuthi akukho lutho okungathenjelwa kulo ngaye, ngambonga bonke labo asekelwe umsebenzi wakhe. Lapho amatilosi kwesokunxele ISS, Talgat Musabayev ne-US-astronaut Dzhim Voss wavele exhawulana Tito Voss. Khona-ke Tito futhi osomkhathi bentanta headfirst zibe "Union", kanye dweba ohlanganisa capsule ukuya esiteshini savalwa. Ngaphakathi capsule, balifaka ukudla - mkhathi udonsa amandla ayo kusukela ISS, ngabondla ikhompyutha olwandle. Bafaka spacesuits besiyoba sikhulu indiza emuva Earth, umkhumbi kuhlolelwe ukuvuza, futhi undocked kusuka esiteshini.

Isiqophi ikhamera phezu capsule yabonisa ukususwa okusheshayo ISS futhi ukubukeka emkhakheni buka Zomhlaba. I capsule isatshalaliswa iplanethi kanye bese besusa kakhulu yesisindo sayo, kuhlanganise iyunithi zokuhlala yangasese kanye ekhishini, kanye egumbini insimbi amabhethri kanye solar panel. Kwakukhona kuphela 3.3 ton kokwehla capsule.

kokwehla Hard

I-parachute main "Union" obekumele ukuvula at 05:26 GMT, phambi motors ukubopha izosebenza ukuthambisa kokwehla. Esikhathini iseshini yokugcina nge crew le Mission Control Centre e Korolev, etholakala eduze eMoscow, Tito ebuzwa Musabaeva ukunikeza izibhebhe ezimbili amanzi usawoti ukuyisiza usinde sindisa. Akazange ucacise lokho labo imithi.

indiza umkhuzi uPetru Klimuk unolwazi crew ukuthi isimo sezulu ngaleso indawo kokwehla eduze emzaneni, elise km 400 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan Astana, ezinhle, cloudiness okuncane, umoya 3-7 m / s no izinga lokushisa - 20 ° C.

emva kokwehla

Ngemva kokufika 80 ukusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga Arkalyk ku Kazakh asemaqeleni trio lidlule kwangaphambilini wezokwelapha isheke-up in a isikhungo sezokwelapha ephathekayo. Kusuka lapho amatilosi wayiswa airport Astana umhlangano esemthethweni noMongameli Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Ngemva emfushane press conference at 12:00 GMT ngolokuqala isikhala izivakashi, futhi Musabaev Buchanan landizela eMoscow. Russian izikhulu isikhala abakulindele ukuthi ihlala ngokuphepha lapho eya uhambo impikiswano Tito ngokushesha iphelile.

Owabe US yilungu lephalamende kanye astronaut Dzhon Glenn ngokuthi uhambo Tito kwi mkhathi ukuhlukunyezwa Russian zocwaningo eziyisisekelo umsebenzi ka ukuhlola umkhathi. Nokho, wathi akazange asole Tito ngenxa yokuthi wayenesifiso bangene isikhala, njengoba kuba nakho okuhle ngendlela engakholeki, kodwa wazizwa lolu hambo kabi mkhathi yakhelwe ukuqhuba ucwaningo.

NASA ukwesaba

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi NASA ake fly Tito ukuze kuphelele ngezigidigidi zamaRandi isikhala eziyinkimbinkimbi, uhambo kwaqubula kokuqagela ukuthi amanye amalungu elite uyofuna ahlule emkhathini. Phakathi kwamagama abangu Kwadlula umqondisi Dzheyms Kemeron, umnikazi "Oscar", eyayibheke-engeli ephelele wasithatha iplanethi.

Ukudumisa Cameron ngoba elinde isibusiso NASA on uhambo ISS, inhloko-ejensi isikhala Dan Goldin ayekhumbula unaphakade Tito phambi izintatheli Congress ngendlela akhe ego giant futhi cosmic ubala zimali yeZezimakethe. Ikomiti encani of the House of Abamele, wathi lesi simo eye ibe ecindezela kakhulu abesilisa nabesifazane-NASA nokuthi uMnu Tito awunalo imizamo izinkulungwane zabantu e-United States neRussia, sisebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakhe lonke lakhala.

Ubungozi Ezokuphepha?

Lezi imibhikisho neze bakwazi ukungena sikebhe obukhulu ISS, flying endaweni engamamitha angu-300 km, lapho isikhala izivakashi kuqala, owayeyisikhulu NASA unjiniyela, wasebenzisa nokusekela unfeigned yomuntu wakubo "Union", izihambi nomusa we zezinkanyezi ezimbili NASA siphila 'Alpha ", futhi kwaba ungeniswe okufudumele umlawuli Russian esiteshini.

Egcwele umsindo Arias futhi satshanyana, kanye izinto ngomkhumbi esidlule amazwekazi nasolwandle, izwe serene umcwaningi isakhamuzi Tito lwaphuka kuphela iziqubu ekuqaleni we Ukugula okubangelwa ukuhamba ngomkhumbi.

Phakathi sabezindaba, yasishiya ukumangalela umuntu Goldin ukuthi ukuba khona kwakhe esabisa ukuphepha isikhala ochwepheshe. UTito, ngubani ikhokhwe kufika ku- $ 20 million indiza emuva naphambili, kakhulu wasiza crew.

umsebenzi ophansi

Amafu Dennis Tito emkhathini basakaza ukudla wenza umsebenzi omuhle ezingcolile, ukusiza izisebenzi kanye ukumshiya isikhathi esengeziwe emsebenzini neziqinile.

Lokho zokuvikela babe yokuthi Tito engu-60 ubudala waba yakhe uhambo isikhala. Yuri Baturin, Cosmonaut Talgat Musabayev futhi Tito wayiswa "Alpha" sokutakula capsule entsha. Ukufika "Union" kwakulindeleke njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, njengoba uphethiloli anobuthi ebhodini mkhathi Russian isihlakazeka futhi adle injini izingxenye isikhathi eside. umkhumbi wayeneminyaka cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kosuku lokuphela kwesikhathi yayo sewaranti sezinsuku ezingu-200.

NASA Agency, umlingani phambili lamazwe 16, ngokwengxenye uya "Alpha" bekhubeka eMoscow libathengisile endaweni kuya nonprofessional.

Babungeke bube khona injabulo

Kodwa ezanele Uhlelo isikhala Russian, olawula uhlu umgibeli ngoba mission, "i-Union", uye waqhubeka uzizamele-capitalism, ukuze ephezulu ezindizayo, ikakhulu uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi izindleko ithikithi ihlanganisa wonke indiza izindleko. ukheshe eside ukushoda ukuthi ophoqelelwe abaseRussia ukuqala ngezamabhizinisi yakho, ukuthi uphishekela Uhlelo isikhala eMoscow ngemva kokuwa Soviet. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Russia wenqabile esiteshini "Mir" ngemva irekhodi kweminyaka engu-15 nokuhlala kwakhe emzileni.

Washington ikhokhwe share sengonyama of izindleko iphrojekthi, kodwa eMoscow, okuyinto eye esingenakuqhathaniswa isipiliyoni eside isikhala ohambweni, uye zaklama futhi zakha izindawo eziningana izingxenye ezisemqoka. Ngokusobala, ukuphikiswa US indiza Tito kwaba kosopolitiki.