Imisho Ejele kanye amagama nencazelo

Emlandweni lwesintu, nge ukwehlukana kwayo yezitayela kwamasiko bekusolo amaqembu abantu athize, ekuziphatheni kanye nokubaluleka kwayo orientation musa angena elifanayo futhi abathwali amasiko, ngaphesheya kwezinkambiso samukelwe, kodwa sinomthelela umphakathi. I-Russian isibonelo esivelele singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela subculture ejele, lapho kulethwa empilweni izakhamuzi eziningi ezigcina umthetho, izigwebo zasejele, okuyinto kwakheka isisekelo okwandile namuhla isitsotsi.

Amasela ijagoni - abathengisi ulimi indlalifa

Ngenxa izigebengu, izigwebo zasejele bayingxenye isiRashiya (ngingathanda ukuba noma cha), nabo beza ukunakwa abacwaningi, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye izakhi zalo. Ucwaningo sina zalesi simo, ososayensi wahlanganyela ekhulwini XIX bathola iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Kwavela ukuthi lomkhakha amasela ', enobudlelwano nazo ulimi imfihlo abadayisi Russian hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi siyinzalo yakhe. Ngisho kakhulu igama layo - "Fenya" livela egameni ebingasho "ofen", okusho ukuthi ozulazula edayisa, mthengisi.

Kukholakala ukuthi isizathu ukudalwa ulimi imfihlo itholakala isifiso ukucashela prying izindlebe konke izimfihlo ukhathazekile ukuhweba - imithombo kwezimpahla, amanani zokuthenga, ihlele nokuqalisa nokuningi. Kodwa lapha uqala eya ebhentshini kuze kube qotho umthengisi 'umhume wabaphangi. Iqiniso ukuthi laba bahwebi ngokwabo ngokuthi "obzetilnikami", futhi ngokusobala yini ngaphandle isizathu - igama eliyisenzo elithi "obzetit" ngolimi lwabo kwakusho ukukhohlisa, ukukhohlisa. Ngokusobala, ulimi imfihlo wakhonza ngaphezulu futhi sabelane ngolwazi mayelana kuphi futhi kanjani ukhwabanisa.

"Fenja" - uphawu okuqondene nezwe wabaphangi

Nokho, abacwaningi abaningi sina, phakathi kwabo Academician DS Likhachev, umbono wokuthi mhlawumbe isigwebo wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona kwezindlela ezikahle ekusithekeni. amasela Specific singakunikeza umhlaseli ezingaphezu kuka ukufihla izinhloso zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba yena egcwele ijagoni ejwayelekile, kodwa hhayi kakhulu ukuze engaqondakali kwabanye. Kwakuyoba bazitshela ukuthi injongo "ukunikeza Day" ukuze unmask isela "sabo 'angaphinde, kanye nezinye izici: ngendlela yokugqoka, Gait, izindawo zokudweba imifanekiso, komzimba, nokunye - ukugcizelela sokusebenzisana yayo emhlabeni lobugebengu.

Esinye isizathu esenza ejele isitsotsi, izinkulumo, imishwana kanye nezinye izakhi isici enkulumweni ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngoba Uzungu - nokwenziwa yabo lula yabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, izisebenzi zemizimba komthetho, okungukuthi labo okwakuphume futhi udinga ukugcina izimfihlo, funda amagama athile kalula. I Kungashiwo okufanayo lezikhonzi ezindaweni yeziboshwa futhi yiziboshwa izikhala zalabo abaye bawa ejele, kodwa nokho musa owezwe lobugebengu. Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi ulimi amasela - into yokuqala okwehlela wonke sidelets entsha.

Amagama abasafufusa ngezikhathi

Kukhona akulona iqiniso ukuthi isigwebo ejwayelekile kwanyamalala isichazamazwi zezwe lobugebengu esikhundleni sayo kwafakwa abasha ngokushesha njengoba value abo iba operatives aziwayo. Lena akuyona ngakho. Ucwaningo kule ndawo ibonisa ukuthi izakhi eziningi wonke amagama anzima bezilokhu zikhona emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.

Engingakusho nje ngokukhumbula amazwi owaziwa: Loh (simpleton kalula) frisk (search), ugogo (imali), iphoyisa (police officer), asempumalanga (ingxoxo, mpikiswano), kanye nabanye abaningi. Labo baqashwe kulezi zinsuku yokukhuluma atholakala eshicilelwe ngaphambi bhukulwazi revolution lapho kutadishwa emhlabeni lobugebengu kolimi, senzelwe abaphenyi kanye ngokuthi "isitsotsi amasela '. Amasela umculo. "

Yabantu inkulumo - Ulimi isisekelo amasela

Kufanele kuqashelwe, futhi iqiniso lokuthi izigwebo zasejele futhi asho zonke unattractiveness bakhe bezinye izizwe ngokuvamile ube nezimpande ezijulile phakathi kwabantu. Ngamunye 'Urca "- ngakho ngokuvamile bazibiza bale ungqimba kwezenhlalo, kuba ongowokuzalwa endaweni ethize, futhi" umshini wokomisa izinwele "yayo Tibonelo tetinkhulumo letisetjentiswa njalo ezembula izici ulimi sezwe bomdabu. Ngokwesibonelo, isiRashiya kuye kwathuthukisa "umculo eHayidese," naye ngala mazwi, othathwe ezilimini ezifundeni ezahlukene Russia, njengoba bazlat (amemeza ukuthukana), Cormorant (amancane, imfundamakhwela isela), bot (sidolobha) nokunye.

Ikakhulukazi asebenzayo inqubo nokwenziwa amasela ulimi abantu izinkulumo waba ngesikhathi mass kaStalin yokucindezela abantu, lapho izigidi zabantu ezazisemizini Gulag. Phakathi nale nkathi, amasela "Fenja" yabekwa nethonya elinamandla yazo ehlukahlukene wendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango ube usufaka izakhi isitsotsi ezisemadolobheni nangezinkolelo-ze ezihlukahlukene ijagoni okhokhelwayo. Libuye isici ulimi Thug okhuthazelayo kuze isikhathi izinguquko eziphawulekayo, njengoba kubonakala kula uqobo eziningi ezingokoqobo ezweni ke kokubili ezifuywayo kanye ezingeni zezombangazwe.

Izizathu ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele ngolimi yesimanje ye lomkhakha

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezaziwa kusukela eko kanye nabangamashumi amahlanu ejele idonsa izigwebo zayo ezinde abameleli emikhakheni eyehlukene umphakathi. Phakathi kwabo abangu abaxosha abalimi, abasebenzi, izicukuthwane wangaphambili, lamasosha, abapristi nabanye abaningi. Bonke ngothi lwabo, ekutholeni ngokwabo ngemuva ngocingo oluhlabayo, ngokushesha kahle amagama anzima bamukela khona futhi imenze ke ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesimiso amagama awaziyo. Kukholakala ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi "Fenya" adscititious ngenxa ushintsho wakhe baba oluyingxube zonke iziboshwa, kungakhathaliseki isimo sabo ekamu.

Labo izigidi Gulag iziboshwa, ababe lucky ngokwanele ukuba akhululwe, alethwe intando wonke amagama anzima isibe eminyakeni sesiphelo sesimiso ingxenye ulwazimagama lwabo. Lokho lenqwaba izipikha yayo enikeziwe kule "Thug umculo," negalelo ezibanzi hhayi kuphela kukhulunywa, kodwa futhi ulimi kwezincwadi emphakathini okhululekile.

Jargon njengengxenye ebalulekile yesiko yesimanje

Ngakho, e-Soviet Union, ngenxa "indlela ekhethekile yentuthuko" yalo, uvele eyingqayizivele lubonakaliswa namalimi ingcebo ejele olungamukelekile, amabinzana amazwi abangenalo analogue nganoma ngaluphi ulimi zomhlaba. Ngenxa "uMbhoshongo WaseBhabhele" kanye nenye izilimi, izinkolelo nemibono mayelana emhlabeni, Gulag - le nhlekelele esikhulu sabantu, isibe evundile okungamila kuyo ekwakha newekusabalalisa wabaphangi ukunikeza Day. On izikhala elalivuliwe, yena, sesinyukele ku-engakaze ibonwe eziphakeme.

imisho zamajele ziye abe ingxenye eyinhloko ka isiRashiya. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ongqondongqondo abaningi, ikakhulukazi humanities, zinyanga emakamu uStalin, uphawule amarekhodi akhe ukuthi yezimo abhekene bawa ngaphansi kwethonya lokhu zasendle futhi izakhi colorful, isibe lokuhlushwa bangempela yokukhuluma ethandwa. Banelungelo lokufuna waveza ukuthi ngaphandle nesilulumagama lolu hlobo ijagoni, etymology okumangalisayo kwamazwi yayo abalekeleli ulwazi izimpande kanye nezici, yebo, waba mpofu, hhayi kuphela isiRashiya, kodwa futhi umlando kazwelonke, futhi ngenxa yalokho, nempucuko jikelele.

Umsuka ezinye yindlela ethandwayo

Ukuqhubeka ukukhuluma ngobuhlobo "Thug umculo," silulumagama lwesigodi, kanye ngihlola izigwebo nokuthi zisho ukuthini, kuyafaneleka ukuba sikhumbule kokunye ezothatha ihlandla evame kakhulu Le Pen (jacket) emhlabeni lobugebengu. etymology Its ngempela ezithakazelisayo. Kwake kwathi ngo-imvelo, ehlangeni-abathengisi nabahwebi kwakusho a ngesineke isikhafu zesifazane (ngokusobala, kusukela izwi Slavic lepota - ubuhle). Lona kwenani elifanayo ke esasinakho ekuqaleni futhi ngesikhathi izigebengu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amahora amaningi iphoqelelwe okuthuleyo sideltsy ngesineke amaduku njengoba izipho wathumela ekhaya. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhiqizo yabo abizwa Marochko (kusuka izwi ezingcolile, angcolile), futhi igama sabo sangaphambili wadlulela jackets, esikhundleni ngaphambi Leli zwi lalilihle Clift ezivamile.

izinkulumo Comic of ezinye izigebengu

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona ngempela kuwubuwula izigwebo nezinkulumo. Ngokwesibonelo, engaqaliwe uyoba ukuphela efile, ezwé ibinzana "lomngcwabo ngomculo". It kuvela ukuthi lokhu lutho like a upiyano evamile. Noma luyingxenye kobufundisi elithi "i-altare", asetshenziswa njengoba kukhonjisiwe nakulo lelithebula amajaji. Futhi ngempela ezihlekisayo kubonakala ukusebenzisa amagama adumile French ifilimu umlingisi Belmondo enanini umuntu oyisiphukuphuku kakhulu, ukukhohlisa. Ngokuvamile, isigwebo - mnandi futhi akuvamile kakhulu owakha ngesisekelo elisetshenziswa ulimi oluvamile izinkulumo kanye ebanikeza entsha, umuzwa ngezinye izikhathi nhlobo okubenza kuhlekisa.

izimpande samaJuda amasela amaningi izinkulumo

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa ukwakheka 'umculo' notorious "amasela futhi wathonywa kakhulu nangabanye izilimi ezimbili Jewish - isiHebheru Yiddish. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva Russia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso ngenxa umthetho Esikhunjeni Esiphaphathekile lamaJuda Settlement kwakhiwa izindawo zabo lokuhlala ezihlangene. Kwakungafanele kancane ukuvela yobuhlanga (kuleli cala Jewish) amaqembu ezigelekeqe. amalungu yabo ukuxhumana nabanye in Yiddish noma isiHebheru - ulimi nakancu amaphoyisa, ngoba inkonzo amaJuda awazange ukwamukela, futhi, ngokufanelekile, asihumushwanga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinkulumo uye wazakhela ejele isitsotsi, imisho amazwi ethile engakwazanga kuqondwe iziphathimandla.

Njengoba isibonelo, zonke izwi Shakedown owaziwa (search). Kwasekusithi kusukela Hebrew - Shmona (eziyisishiyagalombili), futhi akwenzekanga ngephutha. Iqiniso lokuthi e eningizimu yeRussia, lapho ngokuvamile sifakwe amaJuda lapho kwadingeka lidonse izigwebo zabo e izitokisi, ngokwesimiso sansuku esungulwe, ngesikhathi nge-iri lobunane ebusuku iseshwa. Kuyinto ubuhlobo semantic phakathi isenzo ukuvikelwa kanye nesikhathi ukuthi likhiqizwa ngaluphi, ikhiqize ezijule kakhulu emhlabeni wabaphangi inkulumo.

Esinye isibonelo ukuboleka kusukela isiHebheru, isi-Yiddish, kulokhu, iyona fraer izwi, lisuselwa encazelweni Frej (inkululeko). It lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele kubantu ayihlali ejele, futhi akazange abe isipiliyoni esifanele. By endleleni, njengoba isetshenziswa ezimpilweni zethu izwi Blat (isibonelo, ukuthola okuthile ngokusebenzisa uxhumano) kubuye ngenxa Yiddish. Kusekelwe izwi Die Blatte - ephepheni noma inothi ngokubhala. Kulokhu, libhekisela amadivaysi ezidingekile amacala uqaphele kusukela kumuntu ofanele.

Izichazamazwi amasela izinkulumo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ejele isitsotsi - amabinzana amazwi olulodwa ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni lobugebengu, ngokuphindiwe sekuke kwaba isihloko ucwaningo namalimi wemiphakathi. Lokhu kwaqala ekhulwini le-XIX isitsotsi izichazamazwi ukuthela VI Dahl nobunikazi Putilin. Nokho, kwafika isikhukhula esisabekayo olukhethekile umphakathi emkhakheni wesayensi yezilimi sokucasuka ukubukeka ngo-1908 we isichazamazwi ihlanganiswe ngu VF Trachtenberg - omunye cheaters edume kakhulu ekuqaleni XX leminyaka.

Lokhu elinamandla oluvelele adumileyo wathengisela Uhulumeni kwezimayini isiFulentshi Morocco, yena kwadingeka hhayi ubuhlobo kancane futhi okuyinto angakaze kubonakala iso. Kwake kwathi ngemva kwesikhathi ezamehlela eziningi futhi "ekhazimulayo" ku ejele Taganka, wagcwalisa esikhululekile impahla yakhe isikhathi ukuqoqa kwesilulumagama amasela ', okuyinto langena ejele isitsotsi - imishwana elihunyushwe.

Ngemva izincwadi zakhe ezihlaba umxhwele ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene ishicilelwe izichazamazwi kanye nezinye compilers, kodwa, njengoba ngisho ukwazana olukha phezulu kakhulu nabo, babemane ukukopishwa poster kwangaphambilini kanye isignesha entsha inikezwe umshicileli. Ngokwesibonelo, zakhishwa eko Dictionary Lebedev a edition Trachtenberg kancane ivuvukale, futhi iqoqo olandelayo kuye VM Popov kwaba ukuphindaphindwa komsebenzi Lebedev sika. SM Landelayo Potapov ezikhishwe isichazamazwi sakhe, futhi akuhlukile edition Popov. Phela, phakathi nalesi sikhathi-ke wabeka isisekelo sokuba wayekwenza kabanzi umqondo womunye kamuva lexicographical.

Amasela ijagoni kulezizinsuku

Ongoti isitsotsi lobugebengu banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi namuhla bengahlushwa izikhathi ezingcono. Ngokusho kwabo, liye landa kancane kancane eziwohlokayo. Esinye isizathu salokhu mkhuba ubizwa ngokuthi akuxhomekile ejele esishintshile. Phakathi abazithola ngemuva ngocingo oluhlabayo, iphesenti enkulu lumpen - abantu ngesilulumagama netakhiwo bakudala kakhulu. Kuthinta nokungathuthuki criminogenic ungqimba kwentsha. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi bavame ukusho emhlabeni "anomie 'iziboshwa'.

Umhleli oyinhloko "Mediazona" Sergei Smirnov, ukhuluma eziboshweni zamanje, akhethiwe imisho 15 ejele, ngokusho kwakhe, kunikeza umbono walokho Russia yesimanje. Lo mbhalo ngokuphindaphindiwe eshicilelwe ufingqa indlela, eyaqala weemnyaka, Russian isitsotsi lobugebengu. Ukushiya eceleni umbuzo umnqopho reflection yabo yokuphila yesimanje, singasho siqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi iphuzu phraseological umbono, ngokuqinisekile kubonisa embili ungaphazanyiswa yamanje "ukunikeza Day" futhi ulimi izakhamuzi zangaphambili izindawo hhayi kude kangaka. Oh, kungcono "akukho emakethe"!