I-Indian Ocean

Eyesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni yiLwandle lwaseNdiya. Ububanzi bayo (phakathi kwe-Australia eseningizimu ne-Afrika eseningizimu) cishe ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Indawo ye-Indian Ocean ingamakhilomitha-skwele angu-73,556,000 (kanye nePersian Gulf kanye noLwandle Olubomvu).

Iziqhingi ezisezindaweni zamanzi zincane kakhulu. Okukhulu kakhulu okulandelayo: I-Sri Lanka, iMadagascar, iSocotra. Kuneziqhingi ezinjalo ezintaba-mlilo njenge-Prince Edward, Mascarene, Crozet nabanye. Ezingxenyeni ze-volcanic ezindaweni ezibandayo kukhona iziqhingi zaseCoros, Lakadiv, Maldives, iKoconut nabanye.

I-Indian Ocean icebile ngamaminerali. Isibonelo, ama-deposits kagesi namafutha (ikakhulukazi ePersian Gulf), amashlabathi e-monazite (esifundeni esisogwini eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-India), amasheya - igolide, i-phosphorites, i- ore ore itholwe emashalofini . Imifino ye-chromium, i-manganese, insimbi, ithusi, njll. Itholakale ezindaweni zomgwaqo. Amakhopho amakhulu ama-nodromanganese nodules atholakala emigodini eminingi.

I-Indian Ocean isendaweni esempumalanga ye-hemisphere. ENtshonalanga yi-Afrika, enyakatho - Eurasia, empumalanga - e-Australia naseSunda Islands, eningizimu - e-Antarctica. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga, i-Indian Ocean ibikwa kabanzi nge-Atlantic, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - nePacific.

Ukukhululeka kwezansi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuhlukile. Ngaphansi kwe-Indian Ocean, uhlelo luyaziwa phakathi kweziphakamiso ezivela emaphandleni ase-ocean. Ziya eningizimu-mpumalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Amapulazi ahlukaniswa ukutholakala kweziphambeko eziphambene nezinkathazo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwamanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi. Inqwaba yamanzi asezindaweni ezijulile zasolwandle ikhona phakathi kwamagquma. Ishalofu ayinayo ububanzi obukhulu, kodwa ubukhulu bayo buphawulekayo emaphethelweni ase-Asia.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yoLwandle lwaseNdiya ilele ebhantshini elizimele, elilingana nelwandle. Ingxenye yayo yaseningizimu isendaweni ephezulu yokuya endaweni engaphansi. Isici esiyinhloko sesimo sezulu emanzini kukhona imilingo - imimoya yonyaka. Kule ndaba, e-Indian Ocean, kuphela izinkathi ezimbili kuphela - ihlobo elibambile, elifudumele nelishisa ebusika, elinamafu, elishisayo, elinomvula nesiphepho. Kusukela ekhulwini le-10. W. Eningizimu umoya wezokuhweba oseningizimu-mpumalanga ukhona. Izithameli eziphefumulayo zibhekene nomoya oqinile futhi oqinile osentshonalanga. Ibhande le-equatorial linenani elikhulu lemvula - kuze kube ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngonyaka. E-Persian Gulf, kanye noLwandle Olubomvu futhi ogwini lwase-Arabia, kunalokho, kunemvula encane kakhulu.

Amagagasi oLwandle lwaseNdiya engxenyeni esenyakatho akhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lokuguquka kwemvula, ukuxhumanisa uhlelo lwamanje nezinkathi zonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ilanga lehlobo (kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga) kanye nobusika (ngokuphambene nalokho) kuvela. Engxenyeni eseningizimu, i-Passat South Current futhi inkambo yemimoya yaseNtshonalanga iyisici.

Ukushisa okuphakathi kwamanzi cishe cishe ama-degrees ayishumi nesikhombisa. Izinga elinjalo eliphansi lihambisana nomphumela wokupholisa wamanzi ase-Antarctic. Engxenyeni esenyakatho, ulwandle luvutha kahle. Njengoba kungekho ukungena okubandayo, kuyindawo efudumele kakhulu. E-Persian Gulf ehlobo, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingakhuphuka emazingeni angu-34. Izwe eliseningizimu libhekene nokunciphisa kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa nge-latitude enyukayo.

Izwe eliphilayo e-Indian Ocean liyizici eziningi ezifana nezwe lasePacific eliphilayo. Kubonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ingxenye esenyakatho icebile kuma-anchovies, i-sardinella, i-tuna, i-mackerel. Lapha ungathola oshaka, inhlanzi ehamba ngezinyawo nabanye. Amanzi aseningizimu e-Indian Ocean ahlalwa yinhlanzi ye-notothenic, i-whitefish. Lapha ungathola ama-pinnipeds nama-cetaceans. Izwe eliphilayo leziqhingi zase-coral kanye neshalofu licebile kakhulu.