Lemikhiqizo Turkey ezivela eRussia: izici, imithetho kanye uhlu. Export kwezimpahla kusuka Turkey eRussia

2015 kwaba yisikhathi soshintsho kwamaZwe kwezomnotho phakathi Russia nase-Turkey. Umfutho ukuthuthukiswa kokungqubuzana baphule Turkish wezasemoyeni imingcele Su-24 Russian izindiza okwakuthatha iqhaza kulo mkhankaso anti-amaphekula e Syria kwalandela wadubula phansi ngamasosha. Umphumela ukuthi lesi senzo Ankara kwaba ukwethulwa unswinyo eMoscow ephikisana izinhlobo ezithile izimpahla namasevisi ethengwe Turkey.

unswinyo Wokulawula izenzo ezilwa Ankara kwangena Novemba 2015 yi-Isinqumo uMongameli yeRussia. A Ohlelweni olunemininingwane ethe xaxa ukuze kukhawulwe supply kwezimpahla kusuka Turkey Rossiykuyu Federation lakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela kwenziwe nguhulumeni ekwenzeni isinqumo esifanele.

Yiziphi imingcele ukuthekelisa kwezimpahla Russian kusukela Turkey

Imikhawulo emazweni angaphandle kusuka Republic of Turkey emikhiqizweni kwezitshalo Russian Federation ikakhulukazi abathintekile. Lezi zihlanganisa utamatisi, amagilebhisi, tangerines, amawolintshi, ukhukhamba, iklabishi, anyanisi, amabhilikosi, amapentshisi, amapulamuzi, ama-strawberry, ama-sitrobheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvumelekile ukungenisa usawoti, clove (izimbali), izidumbu turkeys, izinkukhu kanye offal wabo, ushingamu.

Ngo-2015, omningi ukudla, okuyinto eyenqatshelwe bafakiwe eRussia, abangu esetshenzisiwe. uthathe leso sinyathelo, mayelana nokuthi zinengi, akulungile. Ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba imikhakha ehlukene izakhamuzi ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya, inkukhu, izithelo ezisawolintshi, amaswidi, amazwe kusuka Turkey, zimane ubhujiswe.

Imikhawulo emkhakheni kwezokudoba

Izinyathelo kulindeleke engasetshenziswa ingcindezi emnothweni Turkish wawubekelwe imingcele kungenzeka ku nokukhishwa izinhlanzi Republic of Turkey ekupheleni 2015. Ochwepheshe bavume ukuthi unswinyo zingathinta kuphela ingxenye premium imikhiqizo yokudoba akuphazamisi jikelele kubhasikidi umthengi.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu kwasolwandle ethengwe eTurkey ulwandle bass nolwandle bream, ububanzi bokusebenzisa kukhawulwe zokudlela eRussia. Lena ingxenye encane kakhulu emakethe, futhi ngenxa yalokho nokulahlekelwa Russian Federation futhi-Republic of Turkey kuyoba esincane.

Kuze kube manje, Turkey izinhlanzi ukuthekelisa eRussia akuvimbi, futhi nobudlelwano commercial kulo mkhakha kahulumeni.

Buyisela-Republic of Turkey

Njengoba sazi ukuthi imingcele ukuthekelisa ebekwa Russian Federation imikhiqizo kwakufanele nomthelela ngevolumu nokuthengiswa Turkish eRussia, kungalungile ulindele impendulo Ankara izinyathelo maqondana izimpahla zasekhaya. Phela, ubudlelwane angaphandle kwezomnotho lala mazwe esekelwe letihlomulisa ubudlelwane ukuthekelisa ungenise.

Kuze kube manje, Turkey unswinyo sokuphindisela ngokumelene Russian Federation kangenanga. Lokhu kuma kokungathathi Ankara ukhuluma a ukuzinza okungenzeka ubudlelwane phakathi ezimbili uthi.

Export kwezimpahla kusuka Turkey eRussia

Ngayiphi ngezabelo Kwakuseshwa 2015, nokuthengiswa kwempahla Turkish emakethe Russian? Emazweni angaphandle kusuka Turkey eRussia (uhlu izimpahla) kunikwe ngezansi:

• share sengonyama yokuthekelisa kwezimpahla Turkish bakha imikhiqizo ukudla izinto wezolimo okuluhlaza - angaphezu kuka-30% wenani nokuthengiswa Turkish eRussia (izithelo ezisawolintshi, amantongomane, utamatisi, imbewu sunflower).
• Okwesine imikhiqizo Turkish ukuthekelisa akhawunti imikhiqizo yezimoto (izimoto kanye izesekeli).
• Zilinganiselwa ku-20% lemikhiqizo ithatha imikhiqizo yendwangu (izingubo, izicathulo).
• Ingxenye amakhemikhali e isakhiwo ukuthekelisa 12% (imikhiqizo plastic, insipho yokuwasha).
• imikhiqizo Metal akhishwa inani elilingana amaphesenti ayisithupha.
• WezokuMbiwa imikhiqizo yabo hlala 2% wezindleko.

Lemikhiqizo Turkey ezivela eRussia

I esicini esibaluleke kunazo zonke emazweni angaphandle ukuba Turkey kusuka eRussia amandla. I Russian Federation iminyaka eminingi kokunikeza amavolumu enkulu gas ezindaweni Turkish. Eqinisweni, i-Russia "ihlanganisa" 60% kuzona zonke izidingo energy. Ankara akanandaba ukushintsha isimo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi lo omunye okunokwethenjelwa ukuze nemithombo ezingabizi yalolu hlobo uphethiloli akuyona. Negesi nokubambisana phakathi kwe-United amabili ubelokhu ethembisa kakhulu. I Russian Federation wayehlela ukwakha iphayiphi ehlukile. Nokho, hhayi umsebenzi usuqalile.

Isikhundla yesibili ugajwe ukuthekelisa ukulethwa ashisayo iphuma futhi bakha amaphesenti wezindleko yokungenisa Turkey metal ezingaphezu kuka nesishiyagalolunye. Kule ndawo, Turkey ngoJanuwari labetibambile uphenyo anti-okulahlwa, imiphumela zazo ezazenziwe izitatimende abonisa ukuthi izinkampani Russian Metallurgical ulahla emakethe Turkish. Lesi simo siholela ukwehla ukuncintisana abakhiqizi basekhaya metal. Ngokusho steelmakers isiRashiya, kumangalelwa kukhona akunasisekelo futhi nje isuke ibangelwa isimo sezombangazwe okungekuhle.

omningi (lemikhiqizo Turkey ezivela eRussia) babe emakethe okusanhlamvu. Kusukela ngo-2010, amazinga buhluka 15-17% of lonke inani okusanhlamvu ukuthunyelwa. Naphezu ubudlelwane nzima phakathi ezimbili uthi namuhla kusukela Russian okusanhlamvu lemikhiqizo Turkey kwenziwe. Zonke izivumelwano ezisayinwa ukuthekelisa yokusanhlamvu Russian abazenzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amasha.

Kuyadingeka ukuba kubonise ukuthi ngaphezu amaqembu ngenhla kwezimpahla, emazweni angaphandle ukuba Turkey imikhiqizo Russian lempi kusebenza, akuyona esakazwa ngokusemthethweni, kodwa elikhulu ivolumu Imininingwane. Sekukonke, yabelana waseRussia emazweni angaphandle Turkey sika-10%.

Uphiko utshalomali we izingxabano Russian-Turkish

ubambiswano eside phakathi Russian Federation futhi-Republic of Turkey udale sezulu esihle letihlomulisa amaphrojekthi utshalomali nhlangothi zombili. Umqulu kokutshalwa ku emnothweni lamazwe aphikisanayo namuhla balinganiselwa ku $ 500 million ohlangothini Turkish futhi abayizigidi ezingu 1.75 zamadola kusukela Russian. Ikakhulukazi inkinga Russian umkhakha weze-energy utshalomali izinsalela. Le nkampani "Lukoil", "Inter Rao" futhi "Rosatom" kakhulu izimali umkhakha weze-energy of Turkey.

Mayelana ukungqubuzana Russia nase Turkey udaba eziyinkinga kuyinto yokufuna ngo-2012 yi-Russian "Sberbank" DenizBank Turkish. Ekupheleni 2015 lo uphiko Russian of "Sberbank" uye phambili izikhundla Turkish yasebhange umkhakha futhi ukhonza amakhasimende ezingaphezu kuka-5 million.

ukungqubuzana Military kakhulu abathintekayo isimo somnotho wawo womabili la mazwe. Sphere abathintekayo ngokwethula unswinyo anti-Turkish, uzobe kuchaziwe ngezansi.

ezokuvakasha

Presidential Isimemezelo unilaterally wasungula de empeleni waba ukuvinjelwa kwezokuvakasha Turkey. Banikezwe izimo zezulu weRiphabhulikhi Turkish, ukugeleza izivakashi ezivela eRussia kuleli zwe kungukuthi ukusika ngesikhathi wonke unyaka wekhalenda. ukulahlekelwa okunjalo ngoba imboni yezokuvakasha of Turkey trudnovospolnimy. Ngokwezezimali lizwe ilahlekelwe mayelana $ 10 bhiliyoni ngonyaka.

indawo ye-indastri ukwakhiwa

Indawo ekhethekile isakhiwo zokuthumela izimpahla ezivela Turkey eRussia kungene zokwakha ukuthi kahle yanqoba abathengi Russian. Kodwa okubuhlungu kakhulu kwaba ukuvinjelwa ukusetshenziswa, amasevisi yenkampani, kokulawulwa okuyinto eyenziwa izakhamuzi Turkish. Kwaba buhlungu ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani zokwakha zakwamanye amazwe zikufakazela ngokwabo amashumi eminyaka onesandla umhlabeleli.

A ukuvinjelwa noma yiluphi uhlobo yezokwakha izinkampani Turkish kuyinto isithiyo esobala yokubona ukuqhubeka Kulomkhakha eRussia iyonke. Ukunciphisa imbangela yalokhu ukuthi izivumelwano wasayina nezinkampani Turkish kuze December 31, 2015, izobe ukusebenza okugcwele.

Imiphumela ukunqunywa unswinyo

ubudlelwane Trade phakathi Russia nase Turkey amashumi eminyaka kwadingeka umbono ukuthuthukiswa. Leli qiniso kuqinisekiswa jikelele lezimpahla inzuzo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili imiphumela 2014. izinhlelo Jikelele ukunwetshwa ubudlelwane ukuhweba Kucatshangwa ukwandisa inzuzo kuze kufinyelele 2023 kuya ivolumu zamadola kwezigidi eziyizi-100. Futhi kwaba yangempela. Ukugcwaliseka kwazo namuhla ukuthi akwenzeki ukwanda inzuzo, futhi ubuso bakhe nokwehla okukhulu.

Okubi kakhulu of ubudlelwano zezombusazwe futhi kwathinta iphrojekthi ezinganeni ukuze kwakhiwe Sea wegesi "Ukusakaza-Turkish". Imiphumela ukwethulwa unswinyo yi-Russia ngokumelene Turkey kuzozwakala ekupheleni 2016. Nokho, kusobala namuhla ukuthi izenzo ezinjalo kuzovumela zombili izinhlangothi diversify izimakethe izimpahla nezinkonzo.

lokho Imiphumela

Lokho kwashintsha ukwakheka nokuthengiswa Russian Turkey, okuyinto ukuthonywa kwemali. Ukuze abavamile baseRussia unswinyo ezifana ekuqaleni "chitha ukuwelela 'ukwanda intengo izithelo nemifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isenzo esinjalo ngenjongo ukuqeda ophoqelelwe abakhiqizi Turkish emakethe ukudla kuzothuthukisa nokushushumbisa.

A isici esihle e ephoqelela unswinyo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yokufakelwa ukwehlisa concurrency embundwini kuzovumela abakhiqizi ezifuywayo ukuthatha imikhiqizo ezingenalutho niche ukudla. Noma kunjalo, kwakukhona idiphozi. Phela, nezimo zezimakethe okufanele ithwale mncintiswano bukhoma ukuthi yakha umkhiqizo ojwayelekile enempilo futhi izinga.

Russia - Turkey (ukungeniswa - nokuthengiswa)

Lapho ehlaziya idatha ezinyangeni zokuqala of 2016 kungashiwo wawuthi isingeniso lwezijeziso ukudla ngokumelene Turkey kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise iconsi emazweni angaphandle Turkish eRussia ezingaphezu kuka-64%. Futhi, kuye kwaba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ibhalansi sokungena Turkey kwezimpahla Russian. Uma ku 2015 WaseRussia kwenzeke ithemba kwi-top ten ukungenisa amazwe Ankara imikhiqizo, namuhla amazinga ziyadlula kakhulu.

Njengoba sebeqashelwa ochwepheshe Turkish, Ukuwohloka ubudlelwane phakathi Russia nase Turkey singasho okuningi wesibili mayelana 0.3-0.4% we-GDP. Enqabelo phezu ingxenye Ankara kucishe non-akukho, futhi eMoscow uye labeka imingcele abalulekile. Nokho, wenqaba lemikhiqizo Turkey ezivela eRussia.

Kwethenjwa ukuthi maduzane nezinxushunxushu zezombusazwe zizoxazululwa. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isimo somnotho kuyothuthuka futhi, ukuthekelisa futhi ukungenisa abavela eRussia nase-Turkey akukashintshi.