Famous pilot Russian. Eyokuqala umshayeli Russian

Umshayeli wendiza wokuqala Russian Mikhail Yefimov Nikanorovich, ngemuva kokuqeda isifundo bandulo e-Europe, owokuqala wathatha ukuba isibhakabhaka 08.03.1910 Njengoba ayezalelwe sifundazwe Smolensk wenza indiza yayo phezu Odessa Hippodrome, lapho wabukela abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu!

Wandizisa indiza yakhe siqu, okuyinto wathenga umklomelo ngemali iwine at imincintiswano yodumo abashayeli bezindiza e Nice. Ukufuya ubunjiniyela lwati loluphelele izilimi zaseYurophu nokuba ukulungiselela kahle ngokomzimba, wayekade isihambile umsubathi kwezemidlalo lobuchwepheshe.

Lapho eqala ukutadisha Umshayeli wendiza wokuqala Russian?

Uhambo lwakhe waqala ngo zezindiza ngaphandle Russia. Wathola ithuba lakhe. Kwake kwathi ngo-1909 eduze Paris (e Mourmelon) yasungulwa isikole ukuba abashayeli ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene, iqhawe Russian e okujikeleza motorcycling (kwakuyigolide impumelelo yangaphambilini ye Michael) baya khona ukufunda. WayeyiZwi brilliant kakhulu umfundi iphayona neyaziwayo Anri Farmana izindiza umkhakha (izindiza, usozimboni, aviator -. Umbhali amarekhodi zezindiza kuqala) Wafundisa ukuthi ungumuntu onjani. indiza solo Okokuqala Efimov wenza 25.12.1909 ngonyaka. Kamuva wavuma igobolondo amalungu ukuqeqeshwa art umshayeli lesikolo. Eqinisweni, amaRashiya baba umshayeli instructor.

Ngemva isethulo wanqoba Odessa ekwindla ka ngonyaka ofanayo, umshayeli wokuqala Russian wenza umkhosi Zonke isiRashiya Ballooning Petersburg. Elapho, watholana onguprofesa eMoscow University, kamuva - umdali isayensi yezinto ezihamba emoyeni iyiqiniso, uProfesa Zhukovskim Nikolaem Egorovichem. ezisebenzisekayo umshayeli ayewusizo ngoba ososayensi. Zhukovsky sithakazelo engenzi lutho kule umngane omusha, ngoba usosayensi lahlelwa umbuthano Aeronautic ngesikhathi eMoscow Ephakeme Technical School. Futhi kulo mbuthano kwaholela zezindiza izindiza Abaklami Arkhangelsk, Stechkin, Tupolev.

Umnikelo Mihaila Efimova indiza art Russian

Ngesikhathi esifanayo isipiliyoni kanye nekhono of omunye abashayeli bezindiza engcono yabhekisela Russian Ministry Wezokuvikela. Yena wacelwa ukuba ahole Sevastopol flying esikoleni, esiqeqesha pilot Russian (ngokulinganisa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakuhlelwa kwesinye isikole zezindiza e Gatchina, eduze Petersburg).

Isimo Creative nguthishela - ofundisa Mihaila Efimova - ukuqeqeshwa indiza alubonisa ngokulungiselela nisebenzela dive siqu, ematfuba abo emaweni, uhlela nge injini wavala, ukucacisa ngamabhomu. Lamakhono yena methodically ngokuphumelelayo abaqeqeshiwe abafundi Sevastopol esikoleni.

Futhi, Russian umshayeli okusungulile lokuqala fanele kudivayisi okuvumela run izindiza injini ngqo umshayeli ngaphandle kosizo.

Labor Mihaila Efimova nabangane kwakhe ebonakaliswe ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ngo-1914 kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. isinyathelo ezethusayo, kamuva razrushevshee iminotho Europe futhi kwaholela ngokuwa kanye ezimbili umbuso yayo: Russian futhi Austro-Hungarian.

Kusukela 1915, umshayeli №1 Russian bale midlalo nengxenye ekulweni, okwenza umoya kwesimo endaweni nokunemba ngamabhomu.

Nge-pilot-German balwa French, British, abashayeli bezindiza Russian.

UPyotr Nesterov. ram emhlabeni wokuqala

pilot Russian ngokushesha yokutholwa esikoleni French air ukulwa esekelwe obfuscation amacebo esitha, okungazelelwe zijike ngokushesha.

esikoleni Russian of aerobatics wazalwa ngosuku olwandulela empini. Ngenhla, 08/27/1913 Syretska esigangeni Kiev omunye abashayeli bezindiza wokuqala Russian - Petr Nikolaevich Nesterov - yenza "indiza kanye ijika avaliwe indiza mpo", ie okuthiwa iluphu efile ... Ngo nokungakhethi, siphawula ukuthi aerobatics kwakungafanele ngokuphelele umshayeli ayengayilungiselelanga kanye samuntu scrupulous lokhu nongoti mncane izibalo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza uSolwazi Zhukovsky.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi lwembula inkinga esobala: indiza babe akuphelele ngenxa yokuntuleka belungiselela ukulwa emoyeni. Ekuqaleni le ndiza kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ke wayengaphelele. Okuwukuphela kwendlela adubule phansi isitha izindiza kwenzakala a ziyalungiswa.

kuqala inqama 26.08.1914 ngonyaka emhlabeni wenza aerobatics esikoleni umsunguli uCaptain Petr Nikolaevich Nesterov ibutho Russian. Ingcebo yayiwuphawu win wokuqala emhlabeni ngendlela DogFight. Kodwa sebelahlekelwe yini? Ukufa nobuqhawe omunye abashayeli bezindiza ubhedu emhlabeni, ngalahlekelwa emhlabeni Zhovkva (etholakala eduze Lviv) fighter German "Albatross" yabo "Moran" ophoqelelwe Abaklami ukucabange.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi siqephu sikhombisa: isimo ngokwengqondo pilot Russian of kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala wayeshukunyiswa, okuhloswe ngaso bayawuqhwaga emoyeni esiphakeme. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - a ziyalungiswa iyafika kwakungafanele athethwe umbono okunengqondo ekulweni. Phela, izinhlamvu baye emakhaya siphila. Le ndiza kwaba isidingo sangempela ukuze bamukele indlela. Ngokushesha onjiniyela ibhanoyi lokuqala French ziye zasungula isibhamu umshini, futhi ngemva kwabo - nesiJalimane.

Ukuzalwa Russian zezindiza wezempi

Ngo-1915 kwakunabamemezeli abangu-2 isigaba ebuthweni Russian. Futhi kubo entwasahlobo elandelayo ukwengeza enye pilot 16. Kuze 1915 Russian alwa ezindizeni ekhiqizwa eFrance. ibhanoyi lokuqala yasekhaya yasungulwa ngo-1915 e-umklami Russian Sikorski - C-16.

pilot Russian of kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala isivele behlome ngemibese amabhodi akusebenzi "Nieuport 11" futhi "Nieuport 17".

Pilot professional

15 izindiza German wadubula phansi ukaputeni we-11 Corps isigaba Evgraf Nikolaevich Kruten. Wafunda namaqhinga aerobatics e Gatchina zezindiza esikoleni, inkositini edume "loop efile" efanayo. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuwumise ekukhuleni kwakhe okhokhelwayo.

Ngokuvamile, isifiso linqobe impi ephawula isimo ngokwengqondo pilot Russian of kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. umsebenzi Military Krutnya, isikhulu-Patriot, kwaba kudlula ngokushesha futhi yaphela, ngeshwa, wakhe nobuqhawe ukufa eziphuthumayo.

Yena iphucuziwe ekupheleleni amacebo lempi izindiza kuhlasela isitha. Okokuqala, sibonga iqhinga unamakhono omunye Russian pilot lokuqala lezempi Eugraph Kruten ophoqelelwe imoto yakhe duck ngaphansi indiza isitha wangqongqoza, waphinde wangqongqoza ngayo isibhamu umshini.

Top pilot Russian Aces

Ngokwesibonelo Evgrafa Krutenya, eziye zafa kabuhlungu ngenxa ukungqubuzana phansi ezimweni yenkungu, singakwazi ukuqonda izici abalazi pilot Russian of kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ezihangulwe umlilo, kahle amaqhinga lwempi, beqaphela nako kuyanda indima yakho zezindiza empini.

Phakathi kwamiswa pilot isiRashiya, inakekelwa ochwepheshe kweqiniso. Nokho, izitha futhi kwadingeka ukuba nibhekane abaseRussia: Kazakovym Aleksandrom (20 ababeke izindiza); Krutnem Evgraf (17 ukufana iwine emoyeni); Argeevym uPawulu (15 onqobayo); Sergievsky Boris (14); Seversky Alexander (13); Sook uGregory, Makienko Donat, Smirnovym Ivanom - 7; Loyko Ivanom, Vakulovsky Constantine - ukuze 6. Nokho, labo zazimbalwa. The wayibhinca eyinhloko empini, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, wadonsa elihamba abavamile.

Little ezihlukahlukene Ukwakheka social pilot Russian of kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Bonke babethenga netikhulu base izikole efanayo, izikole flying. Zonke izikhulu wayazi komunye nomunye mathupha.

Noma kunjalo, ithoni jikelele impi esibhakabhakeni kungukuthi ucela baseRussia amaJalimane - uManfred von Richthofen (isidlaliso of "Red Baron", 80 izindiza wadubula phansi), Werner Voss (48 ngokunqoba).

Ziyakwazi cishe akukho lag kanye French René uPawulu Fonck kukora ngokunqoba 75, Countryman yakhe Georg Ginemar - 54, Carlsen Nenzhesser - 43.

I ubuqhawe we-pilot Russian mina Umhlaba

Inzuzo umxhwele Aces, namaJalimane isiFulentshi, njengoba sekushiwo, ilula: khona ezivumelanisiwe izibhamu bendiza indiza. Nokho, yinhlonipho nenhlonipho isibindi lalibonisa pilot abadumile Russian of kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Uma umbandela we ukuzanywa amakhono nesibindi sezikhonzi Russian kwakungafanele Amakolishi kuthathelwe kweJalimane neFrance, ngenxa imishini akusebenzi, ngokuvamile bafa.

Ukuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ukuphakama zezindiza German

Okuqukethwe eyinhloko seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, owabhubhisa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-50, kuye kwaba Ukungqubuzana kwamabutho amabili multimillion IsiJalimane nawaseSoviet. Aviation zempi abé ebalulekile eziyinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi yezempi.

Waba ngcono ezinamandla kakhulu nokunye. Gone ikhonjiswa phezu izimpi kweMpi Yezwe I Izici:

- ngokhuni biplane design Racks ngocingo besokunxele phakathi emaphikweni;

- fixed kokwehla igiya;

- endlwaneni evulekile;

- isivinini - 200 km / h.

Kakade ngo 1935 Ministry Air German salibangisa ukulwa izimoto proizvdstvo ezintsha zonke-metal, "Henkel" akuyona 111, "Mesershmitt" BF 109 "Junkers" le Ju 87, "Dornier" Ingabe 217 futhi Ju 88. V

Ngokwesibonelo, webhomu entsha "Ju" kwaba ifakwe ezimbili izinjini 1200 l / s ngamunye. Wakha ijubane 440 km / h. Imoto waletha ngayo izimpahla ezingamathani angu-1.9 amabhomu.

A-analog Soviet lobu buchwepheshe - Idelakufa DB-3 - eseqala ukuveza iminyaka 4 kamuva - 1939. Nokho, i-main webhomu imikhumbi ekuqaleni empini kwakuba lokhuni kancane HAI - BB (220 km / h, umthwalo ibhomu - 200 kg).

Ngu neminyaka engu-40 th kwekhulu elidlule, isihlalo ezimbili fighter ilahlekelwe ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo. Ibutho laseSoviet ekuqaleni empini ukulwa main kwaba lokhuni biplane-16 injini nge 710 l / s. Isivinini salo obuyisilinganiselo 372 km / h, kodwa design kuye kwahlanganiswa: metal amaphiko fuselage - ezenziwe ngokhuni.

Germany, ikhumbula isipiliyoni empini eSpain, ngo-1939, waqala ukukhiqizwa fighter "Messerschmitt" BF 109 F.

Umzabalazo for mkhulu emoyeni

air isimo kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinsukwini lokuqala impi. Juni 22 sextant 800 bombardment nevzletevshih wabhubhisa izindiza Soviet ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu, kanye 400 emoyeni (isitha ubelwa nakho.) I amaJalimane empeleni wabulala ezindaweni zabo ekhaya, yonke abasha baseSoviet indiza imiklamo. Ngakho ukuthi ukulawula emoyeni ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye ngonyaka 22.06.1941, ethunjwa amaJalimane.

Kusobala ukuthi naphansi kwalezi zimo ezinzima, bandisa Russian ukuzibonakalisa enkundleni yempi ayikwazanga zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele. Nokho, kunqoba baya German Air Force kabuhlungu. Nge 22,06 ku 05.07 1941, walahlekelwa 807 bezindiza zayo. Kuphela 22.06.1941 r pilot Soviet eyenziwa 6,000 nokuhlasela.

Esikhathini esizayo, umzabalazo inzuzo emoyeni kubonakala ukuvela amafomu enhlangano nezinhlaka zombuso waseSoviet Air Force. Yena lasuswa kusukela kuhlanganiswe izingalo amayunithi futhi bagxila entsha - izindiza. Zezakhi kwathathelwa indawo okuxubile eyohlobo: fighter, webhomu, ukushaya. Operational ngo-1941, zadalwa amaqembu emoyeni inqolobane 4-5 regiments, okuyinto ngo-1942, kancane kancane indawo wamabutho emoyeni nge. Ekupheleni kwempi, ohlangothini Soviet isivele alwa 17 emoyeni wamabutho.

Ngakho, ithuba selifinyelelwe isikhathi eside zempi. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho abashayeli abadumile Russian babephakathi heroes neyaziwayo WWII.

Ukunqoba lokuqala olukhulu abashayeli Soviet, ngokuvumelana uMphathi Lasemoyeni, Air Chief Marshal Kutahova P. S., wangena Battle of eMoscow. Ekuhlaseleni eziningi amaNazi, efuna ifohle iye ngasenkosini dolobha, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba enze 28 kuphela, lokulandisa-1.4% kuphela. On emaphethelweni enhloko-dolobha ye-Russian WWII pilot Kushone 1600 Goering izindiza.

Kakade ngasekupheleni 1942, i-Army laseSoviet ngomumo ukuba aziphindiselele ngokubulala e ingcindezelo emoyeni. Ukunikezela izinga Command kwakheka 5 izakhiwo nge yesimanje fighter aircraft izindiza wonke-metal. Kusukela Ehlobo lika-1943, amasosha lamaSoviet laqala balawule izimo emkhakheni.

Ukuqamba enhlanganweni ukulwa

Isigaba ngasinye abashayeli ngesisekelo ukulwa nakho futhi ubungani abangu kuphulwe kube elwa ambalwa, iqembu le Aces engcono. Ngamunye division fighter ukucacisa ukulinganiselwa phambi strip ukuzingela ekuhlaseleni German. Ukuze kuhlelwe umsebenzi impi yaqala umsakazo ehlelekile ezisetshenziswa.

Nasi isibonelo esisodwa empini enjalo. Against ezine (isixhumanisi) fighter Soviet (umholi - Major Naidenov), amaJalimane wathumela 11 "Messerschmidt" imodeli 109-th. Abaholi ukulwa wawuqala okuthunyelwe umyalo IAD 240th. Ngokushesha Airfield sathandwa yesibili isixhumanisi Yak-1 i-okhulisa. Ngakho, empini ukuthatha yaks 8 kuya ku-11 "Messers". Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amakhono juqu. ace KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - uLieutenant Motuz - alwa ngokwanele ngokumelene 4 "Messers". Ngenxa a wazijika wakwazi ukuphunyuka ulayini umlilo, phansi omunye futhi knock out isitha izindiza yesibili. Ababili babaleka asele.

Wababulala, "Junkers" iqembu elahlekile yisilinganiso sesifundo esisodwa mpi kude ingxenye yesine kumuntu wesithathu imishini yabo. Ngenxa umsebenzi pilot yethu ngamabhomu umkhankaso bezindiza amaNazi kumisiwe.

Fighters bebheke ukuhlaselwa kungenzeka futhi ukubukeka ezinkulu amabutho esitha emoyeni wenza "ukusula emoyeni" ukuba iqaphe ethuthuka maphakathi nezwe. Njengoba ukukhathala amafutha kanye nezinhlamvu ayeshintshana, esikhiqiza elibi nenqwaba ukulwa amabutho empini.

yokuziphindiselela Russian. Le mpi phezu Kuban

Soviet zezindiza emoyeni yokudlondlobala ukuthi iwine empini olusempumalanga zidlule iNhlonhlo Taman. AmaFascist khona bagxila iqembu 1,000 izindiza.

Ohlangothini Soviet kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-900 ukulwa izimoto. fighter aircraft yethu kwaba ifakwe izindiza ezintsha Yak-1, Yak-7b futhi LA-5. Ukuze usuku iphutha uzwane amashumi Air Combat. Lokhu aviastolknovenii engenakuqhathaniswa wabhala L. I. uBrezhnev ku "Little Earth", etshela kanjani ubufakazi, ubukele ngxabano ezweni. Ngokusho kwakhe, baqale phezulu esibhakabhakeni ngesikhathi esifanayo singabonakala izimpi eziningana.

Kube yiyo eshayeka kanzima empini phezu Kuban kwaba 229 Air Division 4th Air Army.

pilot Russian Second neMpi Yezwe, njalo kubabulali umonakalo esindayo, nasengqondweni ngobugebengu Aces German ababezibheka njengezazi ubhedu emhlabeni.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokho, kumelwe kuvunywe ukuthi Aces German alwa heroically. Uma amaJalimane babe uyakufanelekela wokunqoba, amaqhawe isiRashiya, kwabonakala sengathi ulahlekelwe zonke umuzwa wokuzihlonipha ukulondolozwa.

Ezinsukwini okukhulu kakhulu ekulweni pilot Soviet babelele apholile, ngivuka esibhakabhakeni nethimba lokuqala, bangena ekulweni, ngisho nangemva kokuthola amanxeba, igqugquzelwa adrenaline. Kaningi eziningana ezashintsha imishini: metal kabaze baba lakho ukuma. umshayeli ngamunye wawunomuzwa wokuthi indaba kwenzekani lapha.

Kwakuwusuku okokuqala ngqa ngemva Kuban emoyeni kwakuzwakala ibinzana edume lapho ezwa la mazwi, lo-German "Jack of" Aces zenzeka amicably imoto futhi baxosha: «Achtung! Achtung! Achtung! Pokryshkin e Himmel! Achtung! Njengoba Pokryshkin e Himmel! ».

Ngemva kokunqoba empini phezu Kuban futhi ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II Russian umshayeli lempi waqala ukubusa esibhakabhakeni.

Hlangana: Pokryshkin Aleksandr Ivanovich

Le ndaba - umshayeli esiyingqayizivele. I umhlaziyi ekhaliphile brilliant umkhuba Fighter impi.

U-Alexander Ivanovich, ethandana nomsebenzi we-pilot, empilweni ahlale efuna hhayi nje "ukufika enhliziyweni yayo," kodwa futhi "uthatha okungaphezu kwalokho okungenzeka." Wayefisa ukuphelela, kepha lokhu kwakungabizwa ngokuthi ubugovu. Kunalokho, i-Pokryshkin yayingumholi, esebenzisa isimiso esithi "Yenza njengoba ngenza!". Wayengumuntu osebenza ngobuchwepheshe obunamakhono. Ngaphambi kwakhe, ngisho nabaqhubi abasha baseRashiya babengakaze bafinyelele ezingeni eliphelele lekhono.

Ukuphupha ekubeni i-ace, wazikhethela amaphuzu akhe abuthakathaka (ukudubula ku-cone, ukuhamba ngendlela efanele), futhi, ngokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, amakhulu namakhulu okuphindaphindiwe, wazuza ukuphakama phakathi kwabalingani bakhe.

U-Alexander Ivanovich walwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi evela emngceleni waseMoldova njengengxenye ye-55th Fighter Aviation Regiment. Ubekwe icala lokubonga ukuthunyelwa kwamayunithi ezitha, kanti uPokryshkin wathinteka ngokujulile ngalolu msebenzi.

I-Pokryshkin ihlaziya njalo kokubili okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle nokubi. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuthi adutshulwe ngumuntu olwa nesibhamu esiphathelene nokuqhuma kwamabhomu amancane (u-Alexander Ivanovich wabe esebuyela eyedwa emgqeni wangaphambili), waqaphela ukulimala kokunciphisa futhi wahlakulela indlela entsha yokuhambisa - "inyoka".

U-Alexander Ivanovich wahlakulela isu lamaRussia namasu okulwa emoyeni, okuphelele ngokwanele ekufuneni kwesikhathi. Ubuntu bakhe bokudala buhlale buzondwa yizinkampani zokuzikhandla kanye nezifundiswa. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, imibono yomshayeli ohlakaniphile maduzane wathola indlela yokuzibonakalisa emithethweni yokulwa yendiza ye-fighter.

U-Alexander Ivanovich wayengase alahlekelwe amaphiko akhe

Ngo-June 1942, lo mbuso, lapho akhonza khona ngezindiza zeJak-1, waba abaGada.

Ehlobo lika-1942, wabuyiselwa ku-Baku ngenhloso yokuvuselelwa kabusha. Uhlamvu olungapheli oluqondile lomshayeli, ithalenta lakhe, ikhono elibonakalayo lokwenza umsebenzi, lahlelwa ngabantu abanobukhwele. Ngesikhathi lapho umlawuli wamabutho athola ukwelashwa, laba bantu ababi basebenzise isikhathi sokuphumula phakathi kokulwa ukuxazulula ama-akhawunti nge-ace elingenakulinganiswa.

Ubekwa icala lokuphula amashadi kanye nemiyalo waze waletha nobulungiswa. I-Pokryshkin kungenzeka ibe emakamu ... Ukuze kudunyiswe umlawuli weqembu, yena, lapho ezwa ngalokho okwenzekile, esebhubhise izinhlelo zokuqhaqhaza, wasindisa umshayeli-umshayeli.

High Flight

Kusukela ngo-March 1943 i-Pokryshkin yahamba e-American "aerokobre". Ngentwasahlobo ka-1943, leli butho laphinde laphindiselwa eKuban, ephethe impi yomoya. Lapha i-virtuoso yempi ye-fighter yabonisa amakhono ayo ngokugcwele.

Futhi umyalo wokulwa kwezindiza weSoviet Army lonke ngesikhathi seMpi yaseKuban yakhiwa okokuqala nge "shelf" ngokusho isu elahlelwa ngu-Alexander Ivanovich. I-Aces yaseLuftwaffe yahlupheka kabi.

Igama likaPokryshkin labhalwa phakade ezincwadini zegolide emlandweni wezindiza zaseRussia emakhasini lapho abaqhubi beRussia beMpi Yezwe Yokuqala bekhuluma phambi kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, umshayeli waphinda waba ngaphezu kwabo, waba i-ace phakathi kwe-Aesy. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili wayala ukuhlukaniswa komoya. U-Alexander Ivanovich wenza izinto ezingaphezu kuka-600, wadutshulwa izindiza eziyi-117.

Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich

Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, umphumela ka-Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin wawudlula umuntu oyedwa kuphela: uKozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. Indodana yezilwane ezihlakaniphile ezazifundela ngokuzimela futhi "zangena kubantu", u-Ivan wabona kuqala isibhakabhaka esivela ku-cockpit ngo-1939. Umfana wathandana nomsebenzi we-pilot, wacabanga ukuthi emhlabeni akukho lutho olungcono kunalokhu.

Akazange ngokushesha abe i-ace. Le ndoda yafunda ukuhamba esikoleni saseChuguev esikoleni sezindiza. Lapho iMpi Yezwe Yesibili iqala, wayezimisele phambili, kodwa akavunyelwe ukuba ashiye, amshiye abe ngumfundisi.

Ebhala amashumi emibiko emihlanu, umshayeli-umqeqeshi ekwindla ka-1942 weza ukuzosebenza e-240th Fighter Regiment. U-Kozhedub wagijima e-LA-5 fighter. Lo mbutho, wakhiwa ngokushesha futhi wathumela eStalingrad Front ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuqeqesha okufanelekile, ngokushesha washaywa.

NgoFebruwari 1943, lo mbuso osanda kufakwa waphinde wathunyelwa phambili. Kodwa ngenyanga nango-March 26, 1943 - u-Ivan Nikitovich "wadutshulwa". Ngakho-ke, ongenalwazi ngokulibaziseka nokuqhaqhaza isembozo sezindiza, ngokushesha wahlasela "Six Messers" ayisithupha. Naphezu kwamaqhinga afanelekayo e-ace esizayo, ngenxa yokungabi nalutho, "emsila" kwakuyizindiza zesitha. Ngenxa yokusebenza okubonakalayo u-Ivan Nikitovich wasinda. Kodwa isifundo - ukuba sezulwini singenakulinganiswa ngeplanethi yesikhukhula - sifunde. Uma sibheke phambili, sizokwazisa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo uKozhedub wadutshulwa phansi izindiza eziyi-63 zesitha.

Wahamba njalo ku-LA-5, eyathathelwa indawo ngu-6. Abasebenzi basebenza nabo bakhumbula ukuthi akazange abaphathe njengemishini, kodwa njengabantu abaphilayo. Ukhulume nabo, wabizwa ngothando ... Into engaqondakali-inkolo yayikubudlelwane bomuntu nomshini. Kodwa into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi akukaze kube njalo, ngisho nangezindiza ze-Ivan kwakungekho nhlobo ukungasebenzi kahle, hhayi isimo esisodwa sokuzimela, futhi umshayeli ngokwakhe wayegcinwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngempindiselo yokuzivikela kwesihlalo.

Isiphetho

Abashayeli bezindiza abadumile baseRussia beMpi Yezwe Elikhulu bazinikezwa umklomelo omkhulu kakhulu weSoviet Union - isihloko seHero of the Soviet Union: u-Alexander Pokryshkin no-Ivan Kozhedub - kathathu; Abashayeli abangu-71 (abangu-9 kubo - ngemuva kwalokho) bathole lesi sikhundla esiphakeme kabili.

Zonke izikweletu zifanele abantu abafanelekile. "Hero" yanikezwa izindiza eziyi-15 ezihlaselwe phansi.

Phakathi kwamaHighes of the Soviet Union yi-Alexei Petrovich Maresiev, oyindoda eyabuyela emuva, ngemuva kokulimala okukhulu nokukhishwa imilenze. I-Vorozheykin i-Arseny Vasilievich (izindiza ezingama-46 ezihlaselwe phansi), kabili i-Hero yeSoviet Union enephethini ehlukile yempi esekelwe enhle ye-aerobatics. Ngokuphindwe kabili iqhawe leSoviet Union Gulayev Nikolai Dmitrievich, onomphumela omuhle (empini phezu komfula u-Prut wakwazi ukushaya phansi izindiza eziyi-5 ezithandwayo emaminithini amane nje kuphela.) Lolu hlu lungabuye lwaqhubeka isikhathi eside ...