Fever: esiteji, izimpawu, izimbangela, ukwelashwa

Kuyini rush? Stage isimo, izimbangela kanye nezimpawu zichaziwe ngezansi. Siphinde ngikuxoxele kanjani ukwelapha lesi sifo.

Ukunquma yigama lezokwelapha

isifo izinqubo Non eqondene elinesimo ukwanda zesikhashana lokushisa komzimba ngenxa ashukumisayo ukulungiswa thermoregulatory uhlelo ngaphansi kwethonya pyrogens (ie, izakhi, ngokuyenga imfiva), ngokuthi imfiva. Kwezokwelapha, kubhekwa ukuthi isimo esinjalo Kuvezwe njengempendulo zokuzivikela futhi oluhambelana ukutheleleka okomuntu noma isilwane. Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi imfiva, izinyathelo abalwe ngezansi, ephelezelwa hhayi kuphela ukwanda izinga lokushisa lomzimba, kodwa futhi nezinye izenzakalo isici izifo ezithathelwanayo.

Okushiwo febrile syndrome

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo kanye viral ahambisana kuyanda e lokushisa emzimbeni wesiguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba wonke sifo, wabe ngakho ngokuthi imfiva. Nokho, ochwepheshe bathi ekuqondeni lesimanje lesayensi yalesi simo akusona isifo. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, abanye amagama elithi isifo izinhlangano isekhona (isib oluhambisana nemfiva Ebola imfiva pappatachi, Rocky Mountain ikhombe imfiva, njll).

Kungani izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lapho labo noma ezinye izifo? imfiva Iphuzu liwukuthi ukuthi idivayisi thermoregulation indoda kanye ephakeme izilwane homoiothermal aphendvule izinto ezithile okuthiwa pyrogens. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka yesikhashana offset setpoint homeostasis (lokushisa) ezingeni eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi thermoregulation efanayo izindlela ayagcinwa. Lona umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi komzimba fever.

Izimbangela imfiva

Kungani izinga lokushisa lenyuka ngo umuntu noma isilwane? Izimbangela yentuthuko imfiva, kukhona ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, lokhu okulandelayo kuyizinto ezivamile:

1. Amagciwane, amagciwane ezithathelwanayo kanye pathogenic eziwuhlupho. imikhiqizo imfucuza yabo futhi izingxenye zazo ingxenye kukhona amakhemikhali pirogeno- ukuthi isinyathelo isikhungo thermoregulatory.
2. izimbangela Non-ezithathelwanayo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona amaprotheni exogenous: imijovo serums, ushevu izinyoka, ukumpontshelwa igazi nokuningi. Lihlanganisa amaprotheni ayo ephilayo eziphilayo washintsha impahla yayo ngenxa ukusha, ukuhlukumezeka, isimila lysis, ukopha nezicubu.

Okunye izimbangela febrile syndrome

Kungani kwenzeka imfiva? Izifo, ingqondo ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa komzimba, kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe nge ukuphazamiseka ukudluliswa ukushisa ephula emsebenzini autonomic e intsha, izingane kanye nebafati labasebasha (ie thermoneurosis). Futhi kungenzeka imfiva kuthonywa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthatha imithi ethile. Ochwepheshe bathi eminye imishanguzo kungathinta isikhungo thermoregulation, okubangela ukwenyuka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa komzimba.
• Kwemikhuba ezuzwa thermoregulation. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinsana ephelele sizalwa izinga lokushisa 37,2-37,4 degrees. Kubo, lokhu yinto evamile.
• Low-grade imfiva ngokuvamile zenzeka ngenxa okweqile, ngokuvivinya umzimba njalo, uhlale endlini stuffy bese ukushisa okukhulu.
• nokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo nezimo ezicindezelayo ngokuvamile kakhulu ephelezelwa okhushuliwe ukukhiqizwa ukushisa futhi kusebenze le ngxenye, okuyinto enomthelela enomkhuhlane.
• Ukwanda progesterone i-hormone kwabesifazane abakhulelwe futhi kubangela ukukhuphuka okuncane nje kwamazinga okushisa. Nokho, ezinye izimpawu zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma ezithathelwanayo bengekho nhlobo. isimo esinjalo ingagcinwa kuze kube sekupheleni senyanga yokuqala. Nokho, abanye abantu bobulili bubuhle ongaphakeme-ebangeni imfiva ephelezelwa cishe lonke ukukhulelwa.

Uyini pie?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zezifo ezithathelwanayo namakhambi viral ngokuvamile kakhulu neqhaza ukwanda lokushisa komzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya pyrogens. Kuyinto lezi izinto ufake umzimba kusuka ngaphandle noma ukwakha khona kanye ngaphakathi, okubangela umkhuhlane. Ezimweni eziningi, pyrogens exogenous kukhona izakhi of izinto ezithwala izifo. I esiqine lawa thermostable capsular lipopolysaccharide amagciwane (igremu-negative). compounds okunjalo isinyathelo ngokungaqondile. Isiza displacement we iphuzu obandayo maphakathi ngxenye thermoregulation. Iningi labo leukocyte imvelaphi, esithinta ngqo ezinye izimpawu ezibalulekile. Umthombo pyrogens kukhona amasosha omzimba amaseli bangabantu, futhi granulocytes.

Fever: isigaba

Ngo ukuthuthukiswa imfiva egcina izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala - izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, okwesibili ngo-abantu - kucatshangwa isikhathi esithile, futhi eyesithathu - kancane kancane kunciphisa, ukufinyelela yasekuqaleni. Mayelana indlela enjalo izinqubo sokugembula, futhi yini izimpawu esivela kuzo, sizochaza ngezansi.

Lo rise lokushisa

Isigaba sokuqala sale imfiva elihlobene ne rearrangement ka thermoregulation, lapho ukukhiqizwa ukushisa uqala kakhulu idlule ukudluliswa ukushisa. Okulinganisela yokugcina kungenxa nokwehlisa efudumele igazi flow kwezicubu ukuvaleka imithambo yegazi azungeze. Okubaluleke nakakhulu lapho inqubo enjalo ine cutaneous spasm semithambo uphelela ajulukayo ngaphansi kwethonya nonozwela isimiso sezinzwa. izimpawu zokuqala esiteji fever ezilandelayo: blanching kwesikhumba kanye nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa yayo kanye nokunciphisa ukushisa ukulahlekelwa ngenxa ngemisebe. Ukuncishiswa umjuluko kumiswa kuvimbela ukushisa yokuphunyuka ngokusebenzisa ukuhwamuka.

Ukusikwa kwemisipha izicubu kuholela okubonakalisa mkhuba "washington" kubantu futhi izilwane vzeroshivanie uvolo. Umuzwa subjective of obandayo ngenxa ukwehla isikhumba lokushisa, kanye ukucasuka thermoreceptors ezibandayo ngokufanele kwi integument. Kusukela kubo isignali iya le ngxenye, okuyinto isikhungo Integrative ka thermoregulation. Ngemva kwalokho, yazisa cortex cerebral ngesimo lapho ukuziphatha komuntu kanye namafomu:-ke uqala wazicabangela, thatha ngendlela efanele, njll Ukwehla isikhumba lokushisa kungenxa eliqhaqhazelayo womuntu kanye muscle ... Sibangelwa ukusebenza enkabeni ukuqhaqhazela, okuyinto zendawo medulla futhi ephakathi.

lokushisa ukubambelela

Qophelo imfiva yesibili iqala sifikile isethi iphuzu. Kungenzeka amahora ambalwa, noma izinsuku, kanye nokuba eside. Ngakho, ukudluliswa ukushisa nokufudumala ibhalansi nomunye. okunye ukwanda izinga lokushisa lomzimba ingekho.

izitsha Dermal igazi ngendlela ekwandiseni esigabeni sesibili. Futhi amaqabunga pallor yabo. Ngakho ihlanganisa liyovutha touch, futhi Ukugodola futhi beqhaqhazela zinyamalale. Indoda kulesigaba uzizwa ukushisa. Kuleli zinga, diurnal lokushisa ukuhlukahluka zigcinwa, kodwa amplitude bazo esikhundleni sokuchitha ngokucijile ephakeme kunokuvamile.

Kuye ngezinga of ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa komzimba imfiva esigabeni sesibili wehlukaniswa iziqephu zinhlobo:

• lokushisa subfebrile - kuze kube degrees 38;
• imfiva okuncane - kuze kube 38.5;
• febrile noma okusesilinganisweni - kuze kube degrees 39;
• pireticheskaya noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu - kuze kufinyelele 41;
• giperpireticheskaya ngokweqile noma - ezingaphezu kuka-41 degrees.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi giperpireticheskaya imfiva kuyingozi kakhulu ukuphila komuntu, ikakhulukazi izingane ezisencane.

lokushisa iconsi

ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa komzimba kungaba ngokushesha noma kancane kancane. Lesi sigaba siqala ngemva imfiva ngenkathi amasheya pyrogens noma ekuvalweni kwe imfundo yabo ngaphansi izidakamizwa noma izici zemvelo. Ukuze iconsi setha iphuzu lokushisa esefike ezingeni evamile. Lokhu kuholela vasodilatation kwesikhumba. Kanjalo ukushisa okudlulele kancane kancane ukuboniswa. Kubantu, kukhona ukujuluka kakhulu, okuthuthukiswa ukujuluka futhi umchamo okukhiphayo. Ukushabalalisa ukushisa e esigabeni sesithathu fever kakhulu lidlula ukukhiqizwa ukushisa.

Izindlela ukushisa komzimba

Kuye izinguquko lesiguli nsuku zonke lokushisa komzimba, imfiva ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Permanent - kuyinto kuyanda eside futhi kancane lokushisa, iyehla iyenyuka diurnal ezingenakho idlule 1 degree.
• Ethunyelwayo - imakwe ukushintshashintsha diurnal kungenzeka uhla 1.5-2 degrees. Lapho izinga lokushisa ifinyelela amagugu evamile.
• Kweseva - zokugula ezinjalo libhekene kuyanda okusheshayo futhi okuphawulekayo lokushisa. Uthatha amahora ambalwa, bese esikhundleni ukuwa kunalokho ngokushesha amazinga evamile.
• Ekhandlayo noma okumatasa - ne lolu hlobo ukuhlukahluka diurnal bengase bazikhandlele 3-5 degrees. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ups ne sincipha ngokushesha is liphindwe izikhathi eziningana usuku lonke.
• Obuphendukezelwe - umkhuhlane libhekene ushintsho ku isigqi lomzimba ne ups okusezingeni eliphezulu ekuseni.
• Engalungile - umzimba libhekene Ukushintshashintsha lokushisa emini ngaphandle njalo ezithile.
• Returnable - ne lolu hlobo nezikhathi enye fever kanye nezikhathi yamanani evamile ukuthi izinsuku eziningana.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa - 35 degrees - ungakuvumeli ukuba ukubukeka imfiva. Ukuze acacise izizathu kulesi simo kufanele ubonane nodokotela.

izimpawu ezivamile imfiva

lokushisa okuphansi (35 ° C) akakubangeli imfiva, njengoba libhekene ukuvelela ezingaphezu kuka 37 degrees. izici ezivamile ezifana uthi sokugembula yilezi:

• ukoma;
• ububomvu kwesikhumba;
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo;
• amathambo bezwe izinhlungu, ikhanda, unmotivated ajabule;
• imnyama;
• Ukugodola, ukuqhaqhazela, ukujuluka esindayo;
• delirium (delirium tremens) futhi ukudideka, ikakhulukazi ezigulini esezikhulile;
• ukucasuka futhi bekhala becela izingane.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukuvelela lokushisa kungase kuhambisane puffiness nobuhlungu emalungeni, ukuqubuka shashaza umbala omnyama abomvu. Kulokhu, kufanele ngokushesha xhumana nodokotela wakho.

ukwelashwa

Kanjani ukuqeda isimo ezifana imfiva, isigaba zazo ziye ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini? Ukuze uqale, udokotela kufanele kutholakale imbangela yokushona ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa komzimba, bese ukwabela ukwelashwa okufanele. Uma kudingeka, udokotela angase athumele isiguli ukuhlola okunzulu. Uma usola esingathí sina zokugula Uchwepheshe uncoma esibhedlela nesineke. Futhi ukususa nesineke imfiva uyayalwa embhedeni ukuphumula. It kungavunyelwe ukuba agqoke efudumele kakhulu.

Isiguli siphuza neziphuzo kakhudlwana. Kepha ukudla, he is a ukukhanya nokudla kahle digestible. Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa emzimbeni kufanele kube njalo emahoreni 4-6. antipyretic zizosetshenziswa uma kudingekile. Kodwa lena kuphela icala uma isiguli ikhanda okubi, futhi eqaphela izinga lokushisa degrees engaphezu kuka-38. Iziguli bayakhuthazwa ukusebenzisa "paracetamol" ukuze ngithuthukise isimo sakhe. Ngaphambi kokuthatha lesi imithi kumelwe ufunde imiyalelo ngokucophelela. Uma nemfiva nasemkhakheni ingane, khona-ke akuvunyelwe ukunikeza aspirin. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokhu izidakamizwa kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa Reye Syndrome. Kuyinto isimo ethuneni kakhulu, okuholela ikhoma ngokomzimba noma kuholele ekufeni. Kunalokho, izingane imfiva ukuncoma imithi esekelwe paracetamol, "Efferalgan" "Panadol", "Kalpol" futhi "Tylenol."