Iyatholakala uma thina iqiniso elimsulwa?

"Ngiyazi ukuthi kuphela - nomfundisi ngesiGreki zasendulo ezingamaGreki uSocrates wayevamile ukukusho -. Angazi ukuthi yini" Ingabe sefilosofi ukuba nesizotha, noma ngaleyo ndlela wakhuluma nomunye ngokuhlakanipha: ukukholwa kwethu ekutheni iqiniso yini kuhlale esintengayo uyisihlobo njalo futhi ayikwazanga igoqe ngemuva kwesikhashana. Khona-ke uma singakwazi bagomela ngokuthi iqiniso elimsulwa - umbhedo ephelele e isihlobo sethu, ukushintsha izwe? Sazi kanjani ngokoqobo ezizungezile, uma singaqiniseki mayelana yokuqala kuyiphi dudula nomunye, ukuza ezinye isiphetho esinengqondo? Phela, ngisho usuku lokuzalwa kwethu (sicabangela ukuthi abazali bethu iphutha hhayi) futhi ingase ibe khona ehlukile kuye kwenkathi.

Kodwa, noma kunjalo, phakathi kolwazi lwethu zomhlaba into enjalo - "iqiniso elimsulwa." umbandela ezithile esingasondela ngazo ukwahlulela ukuthi amanye amazwi ayiqiniso ngokuphelele kuyinto logic: uma sithi A akuyona ezifanayo to B, kuba impela nakho kuyiqiniso ukuthi akuyena uNkulunkulu ezifanayo ne A. Kodwa akufani njengoba A B - Loyo ngumbuto! Ngokuvamile, sicabanga kanjani ngokunengqondo emangalisayo ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu, Nokho, angaba zamanga, esilula, efana indlu enhle eyakha esihlabathini. Khumbula, "imimoya nishaye, amanzi bayovuka ..."? Futhi iziphetho zethu ngezinye izikhathi ladilizwa lapho chips, okutholakele enamandla omusha ukugumbuqela sibheke phansi paradigmat yesayensi esiphila kuyo.

Nokho, sinokuthile ukwenza gxila lokhu ngokoqobo inhloso, ukuvula HORIZONS ezintsha futhi esisha. Imithetho eyisisekelo wonke esikhundleni ngeminye imithetho eyisisekelo, ngezinye izikhathi zihambisana yangaphambili, futhi ngezinye izikhathi evince ngokwehluleka kwabo okuphelele. Lokhu dialectic ka ngokuphelele futhi iqiniso isihlobo khaphi ulwazi lwethu. Uphawu oyinhloko yokuthi umbono wethu into kwesokudla ngokuphelele okukhulunywa asihlobene umkhuba wethu.

Isibonelo elula: kuyilapho amaGreki asendulo wanqamula phakathi iziqhingi kahle noLwandle LwaseMedithera kuphela, ugobile surface eMhlabeni akazange ukudlala kakhulu ukubaluleka amamephu. Abenzi mamephu idluliselwe ungene flat surface futhi uhlaka coast qoqo leziqhingi hhayi etholwe Kulokhu, ukuhlanekezela ezinkulu. Nokho, manje ukuthi siyazi mayelana ukuma eyindilinga iplanethi yethu, sibheke ibalazwe emhlabeni, acabangele ukuhlanekezela (kule mqondo lamatshwayo Greenland - akuyona iqiniso elimsulwa). Izibonelo ngokuningiliziwe ukuguquka kwabantu iyiqiniso eliphelele isihlobo zingatholakala ezikhathini zanamuhla. izizukulwane eziningi wabahloli babekholelwa Polaris esinokwethenjelwa, esinqumweni enyakatho. Cishe kuyiqiniso manje. Kodwa, uma ucabanga ukuhamba isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga maqondana nezinye izinkanyezi nemithala, asikwazi ukuthi lesi simo izoqhubeka ngokusebenzisa izinkulungwane ezinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela e umkhuba wethu polestar ngempela ubusuku alinyakazi nokuhamba kwawo kuvumelana isiqondiso yenaliti magnetic ikhampasi, sithi: "Iqiniso lokuthi iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho ekhombe enyakatho - iqiniso eliphelele." Into efanayo sikwazi ukukhuluma ngezinto eziyiqiniso ohlakeni oluthile inkomba: ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi eMoscow isezingeni 56 degrees enyakatho nenkabazwe kanye degrees 38 East (lapha sishiya ngaphandle equation, yini kulezi izixhumanisi: the Kremlin, Mytishchi noma Lyubertsy ). Noma, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi Battle of Borodino senzeka ngo 1812 (uma sithatha ngokuthi yisisekelo sokubala isikhathi Christmas).

Kukhona amacala lapho iqiniso isihlobo kanye ngokuphelele umgomo, okungukuthi, ngandlela-thile ngayo ngempela iyakubonisa Isimo samanje. Uma thina abstract non-Euclidean geometry, bese isitatimende "imigqa ukufana asiphambani" kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele. Nokho, kukhona nabanye efana theory unembile ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi lwethu zezwe zamanga. Ngakho, umfanekiso wanoma umuntu phansi emgwaqeni u-oda emhlabeni geocentric. Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla obudala imiqondo emisha kwenzeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesayensi, enganembile kuphela, kodwa futhi humanities. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhathi eside, izazi-mlando, sikholwa yilo lolu zezihlubuki Cathars Manichaeans nabantu ezivela eMpumalanga; Manje ngenxa ososayensi akuyona imfihlo ukuthi lezi abantu abangavumelani nenkolo eyamukelwayo bengamakholwa European, kodwa umehluko. Sondelani, lapho sazi theory limenyezelwe ngokuphelele, kuholela dogmatism, kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa yesayensi, kodwa futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi konke kwako konke - amanga kuholela relativism futhi kwenza ulwazi lwethu engenakwenzeka.