Folk nezimfumbe izingane. Russian Folk nezimfumbe

Ukuze amafasitela 21, kodwa usengakwazi ukuzwa abantu ukushumayeza nomunye ngosizo Folk ukuhlakanipha, okuyinto linomlando omude. "Sheshani kwenza imfucuza" - ngakho uthi bustler. "Owesifazane esidala proruha" - abantu kududuza labehluleka.

IzAga, amazwi, nezimfumbe - ifa ukuthi adluliselwa ngomlomo namuhla uma uxhumana futhi ngokubhala izincwadi futhi izincwadi. Futhi ngakho-ke kuyoba nje ulimi uyaphila nezipikha yayo.

Ohlukile puzzle

Riddle - uhlobo lomkhuba yokukhuluma, isiqondiso eyinhloko okuyinto - ngosizo izifaniso nezingathekiso ukwenza ubuchopho bomuntu ukuba bacabange futhi basebenze ngaphezulu imaginatively. Kutfutfukisa amandla observation, kudingekile lapho ufunda nezwe kwezingane, futhi alondoloza ukucaciseleka kwengqondo kwabadala.

Akwaziwa ngokuthé ngqo ukuthi puzzle uvele. Lokhu uhlobo Folk isasetshenziswa ukuqeqeshwa nemfundo yezingane e izinkulisa kanye ezifundweni izincwadi esikoleni, futhi ngenxa yalokho nethonya layo izakhiwo abasakhulayo ziyefana ngesikhathi umbuzo walo iqhinga ebuzwa abahambi Sphinx.

zokusebenza kwengqondo zanamuhla zithi indzaba noma nezimfumbe ukuqagela eba izingane isifenqo nemicabango. Impahla lolu hlelo amafomu ezincane temdzabu ukhombe iyiphi into nge uhlu izinga ukufana kwabo noma umehluko ukuthi ahlukile kuye, waphoqa zingane ukuba sicabangele ukuxhumana okuphakathi izenzakalo emhlabeni wangempela.

Ukuthola impendulo imfumbe ithuthukisa ikhono:

• ukwenza eziphethweni zayo futhi ukuhlaziya;
• ukwandisa ulwazi ngokoqobo;
• inkumbulo;
• ukuthuthukisa inkulumo nemicabango.

Folk nezimfumbe ukuwudlulisela izingane of ubuhlakani bokhokho babo ukujula okugcwele funda ukwazisa umsebenzi wabo.

Indaba kusukela endulo

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, puzzle ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuwukuthi ithuluzi eliphumelelayo ingqondo ukuhlolwa ukuvuthwa. Zazisetshenziswa abapristi eGibhithe lasendulo, ngosizo lwabo ukuqaphela heroes kweqiniso eGreece yasendulo, abazange kudlule nasemasikweni Slavic.

Kungakhathaliseki ezingeni yentuthuko impucuko womuntu, izizwe ababehlala emazweni ahlukahlukene futhi bobudala obungefani, puzzle wadala azifane kakhulu okuqukethwe. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abantu ngaso sonke isikhathi eduze ukubukela elalibazungezile futhi kuqhathaniswa lomkhuba okwenzeka kuwo.

Folk nezimfumbe - iyonke ungqimba umlando isiko nezinkolelo zesintu. Ngokwesibonelo, kuze kube manje sengiseemnyakeni omunye wemibuzo the Sphinx mayelana nokuthi ubani enezinyawo ezine ekuseni, ntambama ku - amabili, futhi ekushoneni kwelanga - ku ezintathu. Ngokusho yetinsita wabulala abantu abaningi uzama ukuqagela it.

Ukusetshenziswa nezimfumbe

Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa allegory ukuze bazivikele, emizini yabo nemfuyo kusukela neso elibi. Abazingeli, uya ehlathini ngoba umdlalo, sebenzisa ulimi imfihlo nezimfumbe ukuthi kusolwa "Trophies" kusengaphambili hhayi sayizwa izinhlelo zabo futhi ungazange zithuthele kwamanye amazwe.

Abahwebi, jesters futhi buffoons ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa puzzle ukuze bazivikele emimoyeni emibi. Russian Folk nezimfumbe, isibonelo, babe endulo yokuhlola indlela ezempi amaqhawe isikhathi ukuthula - ngabelusi nabafana.

Emlandweni amaJalimane lasendulo futhi Scandinavians, kunobufakazi bokuthi kwakukhona ngokwezifiso: isihambi ungase uthole ebusuku, kuphela ukuqagela imfumbe. AmaSlav asendulo ayenamagama kusihlwa okhethekile owawuse ekwindla nasebusika, ngesikhathi umsebenzi emkhakheni. Bonke bahamba bahlangana eqhugwaneni ngobukhulu, abesifazane baphotha futhi ngenalithi, amadoda kwalungisa amathuluzi nezingane ezindala abanolwazi futhi intsha ngokuhlakanipha.

Lapho izikhonzi bacelwe puzzle (abantu Russian), izimpendulo ngu ematfuba ukuthi babengobani. Wathandwa uhlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ngumuntu oqaphelayo. Ngale ndlela, abadala ohlakaniphile ukhuthaze abasakhulayo ukuthuthukisa, kube into eziyibonayo futhi bakwazi ukuhlola umhlaba.

Kuze kube ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kwakuyinkambiso, lapho begqoka kabavumelanga nomkhwenyana wakhe nezinceku zakhe baze ukuqagela zonke puzzle esenzelwe nabo. Namuhla uhlobo Folk ngenkuthalo esetshenziselwa sokuthuthukiswa emcabangweni, inkumbulo nokuqaphelisisa e zasenkulisa ekuseni abasesikoleni.

izaga

Namuhla izaga umsuka indaba nesithakazelo ngaphandle zezilimi nochwepheshe kwamasiko, nakuba zisetshenziswa enkulumweni yakhe, cishe zonke, ngisho uyakuhlupha ukuthola ukuthi yini kwaba imbangela kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo. Futhi kuvela ukuthi ngesisekelo ningi of them are ukhonkolo amaqiniso angokomlando noma ukubheka ngokujulile abantu, ngendlela ukuwudlulisela ukuhlakanipha kwakhe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Khaya Mthethwa - okufanayo iDemo engokomfanekiso indlela yokubhala izincwadi puzzle, kodwa zisho uyafundisa. Ngokuvamile-ke kufanele ahambisana, kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi amaningi komthwalo wayo - isizukulwane abasha ukuqeqeshwa ukudluliselwa kwakhe nakho ekuphileni. Ngokwesibonelo, "nezinkukhu ngaphambi kokuba zichanyuselwe," kusho umuntu ukuqala yiliphi ibhizinisi, kuba nisebancane sinquma inzuzo noma inzuzo uzophila kuwo.

IzAga nezimfumbe babe efundwayo lapho ukuze akhule ngendlela izizukulwane eziningi izingane.

amazwi

Lokhu kungolunye uhlobo amafomu ezincane tetemibhalo, injongo eyinhloko okuyinto ukubonakalisa Ukuphila kwanoma imuphi Eqinisweni noma mkhuba. Isisho ayinakho ngomqondo ophelele, kodwa kuthatha kwayo ifakwe ke. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho umusho libhekisela ukugcwaliseka kwezithembiso, ngokuvamile bayisebenzise le nkulumo ethi "lapho umdlavuza eNtabeni svisnet", okusho ukuthi umuntu izwi lakhe akaphinde asibalele.

Khaya neze ushumayela. Umsebenzi wayo - ukudluliswa linencazelo ekhuluma eziqanjiwe kakhudlwana futhi enembile. Ungakwazi, isibonelo, uthi "lowo wayedakwe", kodwa inkulumo ethi "awusebenzi uxhumano nomsebenzisi Bast" sitshela kangcono ngezinga lokudakwa.

Indlela ukuchaza umqondo izaga V I. Dal, kuyinto "inkulumo engokomfanekiso, inkulumo okhohlisayo, nokumelwe ngikhiphe isahlulelo ngazo lo mkhuba noma into."

Ukuvela izaga kanye namazwi

Njengezinye izinto eziyindida, izaga kanye namazwi - umphumela eminyaka nakho abantu abaningi. kumiswa babo baqala nge ukuvela ulimi. Ngokwesibonelo, mayelana izaga wokuqala Russian ezishiwo "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" Nestor Umlobi womlando. Usebenta kumiswa Kievan Rus kusukela esikhathini kwasekelwa umhlaba kuze kube 1117 BC. e.

Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona migqa elandelayo: "Futhi kukhona isisho esithi eRussia namuhla - lapha emhlabeni ukuzosifela njengomhlatshelo obry". Kungenxa mayelana nendlela esizweni Dulebs ukubhubhisa lwababacindezelayo obrov: "Cha kabathathani isizwe noma inzalo." Lesi saga sisetshenziswa uma kuziwa kokufa wonke umndeni.

Ngisho wangekhulu lesi-9 e Kievan Rus wasebenzisa inkulumo ethi, sivela e yobuqaba isikhathi Slavic noma badlulisele ulwazi mayelana izenzakalo zomlando kanye namalunga abo ngamunye, aziwa kahle namuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, esithi "Umama emhlabeni manzi" (abeZizwe waphefumulela nemvelo), ethi "Impisi baba nomkhuba nezimvu nomhlambi, laliba uzokwenza zonke izimvu" (ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso drevlyans ePrince Igor, hodivshem kuye izikhathi ezimbalwa empi).

izaga eziningi zaziqoqelwe ezinsukwini zika serfdom, ke manje sekulahlekile incazelo yalo original, kodwa wathola incazelo entsha. Ngokwesibonelo, "Nakhu kuwe, ugogo, Usuku St George sika!" Bathi, lapho okulindele kungafinyelelwa kuyo. Inani kokuqala kwaba ngenxa yokuthi usuku olulodwa onyakeni (St George), a serf wavunyelwa ukuba uye kwelinye okuyinhloko. Isinqumo Borisa Godunova lelilungelo uyekwa, nayo yonke ebiyelweyo igxilile ngemuva yabo.

Lolu hlobo uhlobo, like puzzle, eziningi izihloko ezihlobene cishe zonke izenzakalo zemvelo kanye nezindawo ukuphila kwabantu.

Izingqikithi bese izinhlobo Folk nezimfumbe

Russian Folk nezimfumbe namuhla kungenziwa oluthathwa zibe izinhlobo eziningana. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• allegory - "Ukuze emahlathini amnyama ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi ezimbili wasina" (namacici).
• Incazelo - "yena ukuba ngamasentimitha, nenhloko ngebhodwe" (samovar).
• umbuzo - "Yini emhlabeni wonke imnandi?" (iphupho).
• jokes - "Uyini esiqhingini ukhuluma ngobukhulu bakhe" (Yamal).
• ngezinombolo - "6 izinyawo, 2 amakhanda futhi 1 umsila" (ngehhashi).

Nezimfumbe abantu zingahlukaniswa zibe nezihloko ezilandelayo:

• "Indoda";
• "Ngumkhuba Yemvelo";
• "Indlu, ekotishi";
• "Wild nezilwane ezifuywayo";
• "Yard";
• "Izinambuzane";
• "Garden, ikhishi ingadi";
• "Amanzi River";
• "IZihlobo Zasehlathini";
• "Ensimini, edlelweni";
• "Umsebenzi, ukusebenza";
• "Bird";
• "Fairy-tale izinhlamvu";
• "Sky".

Eqinisweni, labo kungenzeka okukhulu. Kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni babe puzzle zabo, isibonelo, umbhalo wesandla amaqoqo Europe eyaziwa, ababebalelwa iminyaka 1,000. Lokhu ngempela ingenye omdala tetemibhalo.

Puzzle izingane ngemvelo

Ethandwa kakhulu Russian Folk nezimfumbe izingane anikezelwe nemvelo futhi indoda. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba sekuyisikhathi eside abantu ngabukela nokwalabo abaseduze kwabo, futhi ukwazi kanjani ukuba sihlaziye kokubili izenzakalo ezenzeka emhlabeni futhi ukuziphatha kwabanye.

ULoti zabantu wayemdala ezinsukwini wayeneminyaka ukufundisa esizukulwaneni esisha of Ukuhlakanipha kwezwe futhi ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba. Ithuluzi best for lokhu kuka puzzle abantu izingane, kwaba ngaleso sikhathi. Intuitively, abantu baqaphela: ukunika izingane ingqondo imisebenzi enzima, ngaleyo ndlela benza ukuba nakisisa futhi savvy. It ithuthukiswe ukucabanga, nezingane zingcono ukungena okushiwo izenzakalo zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• "I esimpunga Umkhulu emasangweni zonke emehlweni Zavoloka" - kubonisa umbala inkungu.
• "Rocker Multi-ezinemibala hung phezu komfula" - kuqhakambisa ukuma nothingo.

• "Nakuba iqhwa, futhi uma uhamba, ukukhala ethela" (ebusika) - iqhwa ancibilike ice nempahla.

Ngale ndlela, abantu abadala bafundisa izingane ukuba banake izimfanelo ngamunye mkhuba ngabanye kanye elichaza ke.

Puzzle izingane zabantu

Okubukwa wayebuye sici ezungeze abantu Russian ezivamile. Ukudweba okucatshangwayo ezimweni zansuku zonke, okhokho bethu wadala puzzle ethandwa. Nge izimpendulo kamuva eshicilelwe emaqoqweni yezingane ngokusakaza ukuhlakanipha izizukulwane, kusukela izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezwe phesheya.

Puzzle anikezelwe abantu ukhathazekile ukubukeka kwabo futhi isimo, kanye nendlela yokuphila. Ngokwesibonelo:

• "ElikaDavide, nabantu azijabulele" (igama lomuntu).
• "Hlobo luni lokudla edingeka khona kakhulu?" (Umlomo).

• "Ufunani - awukwazi ukuthenga lokho akudingekile, ukuze adayise" (okuningi, kodwa ayikho imali ebusheni bakhe izifiso, futhi abanaso isifiso esegugile).

Ngakho abantu asebebadala lebantfwana lababhaliswe ezinsukwini ubudala ukwazi bona kanye nesazisi yabo. Namuhla, incwadi "ethi Mysteries of abantu Russian» (ngezimpendulo) Awekho ngaphansi ezithandwa kakhulu yintsha kuka emasikweni adluliselwa ngomlomo ontanga yabo ezinsukwini zakudala.

Nezimfumbe of Folk yezinganekwane

Inganekwane - yezindlela ozithandayo Folk lekudala nezingane. ngokumthanda kwabo abalingiswa yokudlala emenza esinye isihloko - imfumbe mayelana yezinganekwane abantu. Namuhla, ungathola ongakhetha, anikezelwe kokubili namaqhawe Russian kanye angaphandle lapho.

Basuke evamile ihlukaniswe ngobudala:

• Ukuze nabancane - amaqhawe inganekwane ezifana "I Mansion", "Gingerbread Man" nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo: "Esikhathini esincane ensimini yendlu, ezitholakala kuso yokukhosela zasehlathini futhi bahlale ngayo ndawonye: hare impungushe, impisi kanye norushka kuphela nebhere ochotshoziwe ..." ( "Tower").
• Ukuze izingane ezindadlana zasenkulisa kanye esikoleni ubudala - amaqhawe inganekwane "Amahansi-ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi", "I Snow Maiden", "Ixoxo Princess" nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo: "Le ntombazane asaba ilanga nokushisa, ngenxa yeqhwa wakwenza" (Snow Maiden).

Namuhla e inkulisa izikhungo eziningi ukunakwa ikhokhelwa ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga kwezingane, esetshenziswa abantu nezimfumbe ngezimpendulo (for the kids).

Folk magic ezweni lanamuhla

Ukwahlulela iqiniso ukuthi izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ingane usho nomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni nezimfumbe yokucabanga kanye umcabango, lolu hlobo Folk art uhlale funa. Namuhla ungathola hhayi kuphela abantu, kodwa futhi puzzle kombhali ezisilungele ngaphezulu ezinganeni zanamuhla ekukhulelweni zabo zezwe futhi incwadi namaqhawe. Ngokwesibonelo, "Umuntu fat uhlala phezulu ophahleni futhi flying ngenhla konke" (Carlson).