Futhi niyazi ukuthi zofuzo?

Umbuzo lokho izakhi zofuzo Ziyathakazelisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo sidlulile kumzali siye enganeni, kodwa self isitoreji indlela lolu lwazi engacacile abantu abaningi. izici zofuzo nayo yonke izidalwa esinemizwa, futhi ukunquma yonke idatha yokuqala emzimbeni: ukubukeka kwaso, okuqondene uhlobo oluthile, izici kwesakhiwo, nokuningi.

Abantu abaningi khumbula esikoleni biology Yiqiniso, lolu lwazi okuqukethwe yi-DNA - omunye eyisisekelo nucleic acid. Lokho uchungechunge deoxyribonucleic acid inquma ungubani isilwane noma wobuntu ngokuya izitho zomzimba. Kodwa ukuxoxa "DNA" kanye umqondo welithi "zofuzo,"? Ake sibone kulemibandela.

Yiziphi izakhi zofuzo kanye DNA?

Ngo ukwakheka deoxyribonucleic acid , waqokomisa okunye izindawo banesibopho sokuba khona ulwazi oluthile kumnikazi. Kuyinto lezi zitho iketango kukhona izakhi zofuzo. Ziqukethe ulwazi mayelana protein ne amaprotheni - kuyinto yokwakha organic. Zonke izingxenye deoxyribonucleic acid eziqukethwe kwengqamuzana ngayinye yomzimba, wenze ufuzo of a ophilayo. Enye ingxenye yalolu lwazi sisuka uyise, elinye - luthathwe unina.

With ikhono nakancane ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo namuhla kungenziwa ngokunembile kakhulu kubeka budlelwane, ezifana ubuyise. Eqinisweni, umbuzo ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ziyinkimbinkimbi eyanele ukuze kuphenduleke ke in a Ngamafuphi. Kodwa isingathekiso ulimi kungaba lula ulwazi. Simelela uchungechunge DNA ngesimo incwadi mayelana ethile ephilayo nenhlalakahle ke izakhi zofuzo ngeke amazwi ngamanye emakhasini salolu shicilelo. Ngamunye amagama siqukethe izinhlamvu 4 kuphela, kodwa zingawenza umehluko nenombolo enganqunyelwe imishwana. Okungukuthi, isakhi sofuzo kuyinto alternation ezine chemical compounds. Abizwa nucleobases adenine, ne-cytosine, i-guanine ne ne-thymine. A yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo okuncane isimiso sezakhi zofuzo, nge ushintsho komunye chemical kwakwakhe komunye, kuholela ushintsho "ibinzana elithi" umuzwa wonkana. Futhi njengoba sazi, isakhi ngasinye unesibopho isakhiwo amaprotheni. Olunye ulwazi kuwo - ehlukile amaprotheni isakhiwo - izici ezintsha umzimba. Kodwa alternations ezinjalo zingenzeka kuphela uma ukudluliswa ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo, ngakho abafowethu nodadewethu kubazali abafanayo zihlukile komunye nomunye, noma ngabe amawele afana ncamashí. Kodwa ulwazi linamathele ufuzo lwethu, uhlala ishintshe kusukela size sibelethe ukufa.

ukuguga isakhi sofuzo

Ubude bempilo kanye indlela izinguquko ezihlobene nokukhula kwayo okwenzeka kumuntu ukuzimela ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo. isiqeshana ikhodi, okuyinto lalizokwenza ngokuqondile lokuguga, ayitholakali, kodwa abacwaningi bathi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi idatha efana lilondolozwe iDNA indawo eyodwa. Aging - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi sithinta bonke zomzimba, ngakho "izinkanyiso isayensi" usenayo ucwaningo eside kulesi siqondiso.

Iphuzu elithakazelisayo lelo, kodwa ngempela inkanuko umbono ufuzo seyenziwe encwadini eshicilelwe ngo-1976. IsiZulu ethologist wakhe ebhaliwe K.R.Dokinz. "I-Gene zobugovu" - umsebenzi wezesayensi lapho theorizes ukuthi le yisandla yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yisifiso ukwandisa nezimo kwezinhlobo. Ukukhethwa senzeka ezakhini zofuzo, hhayi ezingeni kwenani futhi abacacisiwe. Ngokuvamile, impendulo oluphelele yombuzo: "Kuyini izakhi zofuzo", kuyilapho ngokucacile cha. Cishe, abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye lezi izigaba DNA ukuthuthukiswa isayensi kuzobuyekezwa nge idatha entsha Ushintshe sina.