Pilot UStepan Mikoyan: Biography, izithombe

UStepan Mikoyan - test Soviet umshayeli, izindiza, Hero zase-USSR, umnikazi we-oda ka Lenin futhi Red Banner, a lifetime kwakuhambisana nezinga indiza. Nguye esasiphethe ekuphatheni adumile "Buran" - okomkhathi, ohlola kwaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu ngo-November 1988

ebuntwaneni

Mikoyan UStepan Anastasovich, ogama biography kuchazwa kulesi sihloko, yazalwa ngo-Tiflis (manje Tbilisi) Ubaba Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan kwaba umholi weqembu kanye nesimo 12 Julayi 1922 owaziwa Soviet, nonina Ashkhen Lazarevna Tumanyan. emshadweni wabo kwaba isikhathi eside ngenjabulo. In amazwi UStepan Mikoyan, akakwazanga ukukhumbula isikhathi owodwa uma abazali bakhe idazisane baphakamisela amazwi abo. Baye benikana njalo luthando nangenhlonipho.

Umndeni Mikoyans babenamadodana ayisihlanu kuyimina. I owayemdala kunabo bonke kwaba uStepan. nezingane zakhe ezintathu abasebasha futhi yethiwa edumile Baku commissars - Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Alekseya Dzhaparidze, uStepan Shaumyan futhi Ivana Fioletova, nabo Anastas Mikoyan uye walondoloza njalo kobungane nobudlelwane. indodana yesibili okuthiwa Volodya, njengoba wazalwa ngonyaka ngemva kokufa VI Lenin. Zonke izingane bachitha iholidi at-cottage "Zubalovo". Ngokusho UStepan Mikoyan, kwaba endaweni enkulu, ebiyelwe okusezingeni eliphezulu ngezitini odongeni. Futhi endaweni ethile inhliziyo ke kukhona elinye ekotishi "Zubalovo-2", lapho Stalin wayehlala nomkhaya wakubo.

Njengoba u-Anastas Ivanovich yayiyisazi sokuphathwa ovelele, lapho kwaba abangane nabantu abaningi kusukela nethimba Iosifa Stalina, eyayibonakala kamuva becindezela. UStepan wabazi bonke, nabangani ebuntwaneni kanye nendodana umholi Vasiliem Stalinym.

wokuzilibazisa esibhakabhakeni

Esikhathini 30s kwekhulu elidlule, cishe njalo ingane wafuna ukuxhuma impilo yakhe izindiza. Mayelana esibhakabhakeni ngesikhathi ukuphupha zamakhulu ezinkulungwane zesikole Soviet. Mina yayiphumula kanye owamazibulo UStepan Mikoyan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo msebenzi uye wasiza umalume wakhe Artem Ivanovich, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba izindiza abaklami abasha.

Ngo-August 1940, uStepan Mikoyan, kanye nomngane Timurom Frunze babhaliswa eSifundazweni SaseKachin ezindizayo esikoleni. Ngemva konyaka, ekuqaleni kuka-September 1941, wathola iziqu ngempumelelo esikoleni edolobheni Krasny Kut (Saratov esifundeni.). Ngemva kwalokho wathunyelwa 8th esikhundleni ibutho kumi umuzana Sennoy, enyakatho nje zaseSaratov. Lapha, kwakufanele bonyana enze ngokuxhamazela kabusha ufunde ukundiza indiza "Yak-1." Maphakathi no-December ngomnyaka ofanayo ku ukusatshalaliswa UStepan Mikoyan (isithombe iflaya okusesihlokweni esithi) engena 11 th Fighter Regiment, ingxenye 6th IAK PVO futhi bavikele esibhakabhakeni phezu eMoscow.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

Fika lapho babeya khona, umshayeli abasha bathola ukuthi ibutho lakhe ngaphambi indiza ukuhlasela German amasosha emhlabathini. Nokho, kuzo zonke Disemba futhi ingxenye-January 1942, yena wayengazange ephethwe ukungalokothi fly elizimisele, njengoba zesimo sezulu esibi akazange avumele ukuba afeze noma iyiphi imisebenzi asebenzayo emoyeni. Lapho kuqala izinsuku serene UStepan Mikoyan yazihlanganisa kundiza yakhe "Yak-1" in the izindiza, injongo okwakukhona ukumboza amasosha aseSoviet ngo edolobheni Volokolamsk wesifunda futhi, ngokukhethekile, amahhashi Jikelele L. M. Dovatora owenza ngezikhathi kuphangwa babe German-athatha izwe labakwa-.

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi kaningi, izindiza Soviet waba ngaphansi umlilo esitheni antiaircraft izibhamu. Ngakho kwaba omunye izinsuku January 1942 Isitha anti-aircraft izibhamu avulele ngenhlamvu izindiza zethu, ngaphandle sezulu waphenduka okubi kakhulu, futhi kwaba khona kweqhwa esindayo. Kodwa, naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, isigaba wakwazi umhlaba ngokunembile evulekile ngenxa Stepanu Mikoyanu, owayemazi ngokuseduze indawo emigwaqweni eMoscow, eseduze Central Aerodrome e Moscow, lapho esezinzile yakhe 11 th Fighter Regiment.

umbhaphathizo igazi

Sekukonke phakathi nobusika 1941-1942. umshayeli abasha njengengxenye ibutho lakhe wenza 10 izindiza yimpumelelo, kodwa imizuzu 11 kungasho ukufa ngaye. Januwari 16 ngesikhathi lingaphandle Istria, indiza yakhe kwabanye ingozi iwubuphukuphuku ihlaselwe uLieutenant yesibili 562 th Regiment Mihailom Rodionovym. UStepan Mikoyan, ogama biography kungaba kule ekupheleni, futhi wakwazi umhlaba imoto yakhe evuthayo, bandisa uthi, kwesokudla ukuphaphatheka esiswini. Ukuwa kwe-indiza Soviet kwabonakala intsha yakuleli dolobhana. Bahudulela le ashisiwe, ophuke umlenze ukuze umshayeli komgwaqo, futhi lapho, ukuthola isihlibhi, wamthatha, wamyisa esibhedlela ensimini.

Mikhail Rodionov enalo uzonikeza yinkantolo, kanye uLieutenant Mikoyan ukubhekana ngemva ekululameni kwakhe. Kodwa lokhu, alilokothi beza ekhotho. Ekuqaleni kuka-June 1942, Senior uLieutenant Rodionov wabulawa empini emoyeni eduze Kaluga, ngoba ngalo kwakhe yaklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Futhi UStepan kwadingeka ukuba amanxeba abo izinyanga ezimbalwa kakhudlwana.

izindiza ezintsha

Ngo-August 1942 e Lyubertsy ku iNguquko waso wesithathu kakade weza 434 th Fighter Aviation Regiment, kamuva elaba 32nd Guards. Idume yokuthi kanye alwa 26 abashayeli bezindiza, owathola isihloko Heroes zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ndawonye, badutshulwa phansi izindiza ezingaphezu kuka-520 isitha. Khona-ke ngo-1942 umlawuli regimental kwaba iqhawe oneminyaka engu-24 ubudala yeSoviet Union-Ivan Kleschev, futhi wayephethe iyunithi ngokwayo Vasily uStalin.

INdodana umholi kusuka ebuntwaneni wayazi abazalwane Mikoyans - kukaStepan uVladimir. Okokuqala, ibutho wathatha kwabasebasha, futhi kamuva babhaliswa nelesibili. Ngemva ababuya empini owakhonza nabo side by side, satshelwa ukuthi abafowethu ababili liqondiswe kakhulu, ngenkuthalo futhi ethobekile, ngakho cishe ngokushesha wajoyina friendly umndeni regimental.

Ekuqaleni ngo-September 1942 SOKUQEDA izisebenzi ibutho, wahlala phezu ezokuthutha izindiza landizela Sennoy. Lapha, bandisa kwadingeka ukuba ziveze entsha fighter aircraft "Yak-7b", usanda kufika ngokuqondile Saratov Aviation Plant. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kwafika ukuze bathuthele omunye airfield, etholakala eduze ipulazi "kwaseStalingrad", okuyinto km 60 nje emzini. Kleschevsky ibutho ngokushesha inikelwa ekudayiseni Army 16.

Ukuqhatha phezu kwaseStalingrad

Eyokuqala ukulwa mission of butho elalisanda kumiswa wayala mathupha Ivan Kleschev. Ukubona kwaseStalingrad yokuqala evela emoyeni, lezi zifiki zafikelwa umbukwane onjalo. kamuva UStepan Mikoyan wakhumbula ukuthi amehlo akhe bavele idolobha wamalangabi. intuthu Black kusukela imililo wasukuma ukuze amakhilomitha amaningana, futhi wabheka ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa nasemanzini aluhlaza uDon iVolga. Esibhakabhakeni bentanta amakhulu izindiza, abaningi kubo abasekhona Babelwela German kanye zezindiza zamabhomu.

Njengoba yaziwa, umlawuli regimental Kleshchev njalo wethula zifiki ukuba Ukuqhatha kancane kancane. Futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi UStepan Mikoyan kakade ngabhekana nakho ukulwa esibhakabhakeni phezu enhlokodolobha, ke nokho kunqunywa abalandeli bakhe. Leli qhinga kusiza abashayeli bezindiza abasebasha ngawo ukuthola ukulwa nakho ngaphandle ingozi kakhulu.

Ukumiswa ukusuka kundiza

Nokho, ingxenye Septhemba yesibili kwaba babi: ezintathu kuphela amasonto dogfighting ibutho wabhubhisa ezingaphezu kuka-80 isitha fighters. Kodwa ukulahlekelwa babe ukwahlukana ezinkulukazi: 25 izindiza kanye 16 abashayeli bezindiza. Phakathi kwabashonile ungumfowabo abasebasha uVladimir UStepan Mikoyan. umlawuli regimental Ivan yena Kleshchev walimala kakhulu.

Ngemva kokufa umfowabo Mikoyan UStepan Anastasovich umiswe flying ngomyalo umyalo. Kumemori Vladimir pilot ezindizeni amaningi alethwe eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "Ukuze Volodya!". Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, izinsalela ibutho bathunyelwa ezingemuva. izikhulu eziningana baklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union, futhi uVladimir (kwakhe) kanye UStepan kwanikezelwa oda lempi Red Banner.

Impi Mikoyan usuphelile elisezingeni likakaputeni futhi waklonyeliswa ezimbili impi udumisa. Phakathi ubutha, kwadingeka achithe i izimpi ezinlutshwana ezimelene izindiza isitha, kodwa, ngokuvumelana imibhalo, kubandakanya 6 iqembu uwina akhawunti impi yawo.

Isifundo ku Engineering Academy

Ngo-1945, ukunqoba Mikoyan ashade umngane wakhe ubudala U-Eleanor, indodakazi ka-test umshayeli Petra Lozovskogo, owayebizwa kabuhlungu wabulawa lapho flying indiza fighter "Mina-4". Ngemva komshado, insizwa langena-Air Force Academy. NE Zhukovsky e-Faculty of Engineering. Izilaleli asebethole eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho, wavunyelwa ukuba fly indiza anawo Academy at. Ukuqeqeshwa ibutho oko emzaneni. Belopesotsky eduze Kashira. Ngemva kwalokho, bobathathu kwadingeka ukuba balukhulume kahle entsha fighter Jets.

Ukuze iziqu zakhe iphrojekthi Mikoyan UStepan Anastasovich wakhetha nzima futhi kunalokho kwakwakhiwa ngokokuqala indaba ephathwayo. Kuphathelene walilwela leSupersonic wezindlela. Cishe, lonke ulwazi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa izindiza esizayo "MIG-19" wayethole esivela kumalume wakhe Anusha Mikoyan.

UStepan iziqu phrojekthi, eliholwa VF abadumile Bolkhovitinov ukuthi ngisho nangaphambi kokuba impi eyingoduso ekwakhiweni zamabhomu "DB-A", futhi kamuva ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane bokuqala eSoviet Union missile destroyer "BI". Ngakho, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi Mikoyan nofunda nabo abo ngu-pilot professional kanye onjiniyela mechanical babe ekuqaleni kokudaliweyo ekuphonsweni.

umsebenzi onzima

Ngo-August 1951, uStepan Ananstasovich ithole isikhundla indiza isivivinyo NII Air Force. Lapha afike achitha khona iminyaka eside 23 ukuhloleni ezahlukene ukulwa izindiza okuqondene Yakovlev, Mikoyan futhi Sukhoi. Yena, ngaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye, uye kuhlanganiswe ngempumelelo umsebenzi umshayeli nge isikhundla SRI unjiniyela phambili.

Kusukela ngo-1975, uStepan Mikoyan - Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Yena wathola ke esicongweni eliphezulu for the test yakamuva ye Interceptor "MIG-25". Ukuze sonke isikhathi emsebenzini wakhe owakwazi ukuyazi kahle izinhlobo ezahlukene izindiza 102, kokuba ngesikhathi esifanayo emoyeni ezingaphezu kuka 3.5 ayizinkulungwane. Amahora.

"Buran" Uhlelo

Ngo-1974, uStepan Anastasovich ngesinqumo ibhodi wezokwelapha uye wasuswa kusukela ekuhlolweni izimoto ukulwa, kodwa yabuye yavunyelwa ukuba isebenze ukusebenza izindiza zokuthutha nomgibeli izindiza. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-56 ubudala ephinde wayazi ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ngempumelelo kudlule lapho ngihlolwa, ngakho kwakudingeka samukele ukunikezwa ukuba bathuthele kwelinye umsebenzi.

Ngo-April 1978 waba iphini Mikoyan "Umbani" NGO abakhulu umklami. Lapha GE Lozino-Lozinsky wadala umkhumbi esemkhathini "Buran". Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, i-esikahle weza zanqwabelana phezu kweminyaka eminingi isipiliyoni somsebenzi UStepan Anastasovich ku inhlangano lendiza, lapho kwanqunywa ukudala i Analogue asemkhathini emkhunjini, okuthiwa "Mkhiqizo 002". Flight ukuhlolwa, ebhentshini ukuqeqeshwa lobuchwepheshe pilot abathintekayo kulo Mikoyan. Watshala ukuphathwa kanye real "Buran" e ebaleka nesibongo emkhathini.

Umlando

Kufinyeta, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uLieutenant General Aviation UStepan Mikoyan cishe ukuphila kwakhe konke ukuze indiza, noma kunalokho, ukuzanywa yabo. Futhi njengoba nje eneminyaka engu-70 ubudala esimpunga jikelele, ngokuphindaphindiwe eshayela imoto yakhe: "Yak-18T".

Naphezu kokuba matasa, wayesalokhu wathola isikhathi ukuba babhale incwadi. Omlando womuntu ngokwemvelo, Umlando abonisa ngokunembile ukunikezelana ukuphila eSoviet Union futhi konke lokho ayephila futhi kanjani wayesebenza umbhali wakhe odumile UStepan Mikoyan. "Umlando ka wezempi test umshayeli" wafika kuqala e-UK, futhi kamuva eRussia. Le ncwadi wavusa isithakazelo esikhulu, hhayi nje nama-pilot kodwa futhi abantu abavamile obakhathalelayo umlando isimo.