KumiswaIndaba

Umlando yokuvikela umlilo Russian. Russia Day ukuvikelwa umlilo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eRussia, lapho ihlathi kusukela kudala Kwakuyindawo eyinhloko ngeziningi zezinto zokwakha, enye yezinhlekelele ezimbi kunazo zonke zaba imililo ngokuvamile abhubhise lonke idolobha. Futhi nakuba zazibhekwa isijeziso esivela kuNkulunkulu, ke ayiwathiyi ukuhola umzabalazo juqu. Ngoba umlando abezicishamlilo Russian unothile kakhulu futhi elisuka emuva emakhulwini eminyaka.

Imizamo yokubhekana ne umlilo kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule

Njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi imililo bebelokhu uyisithiyo esikhulu esibangela ukungabi ukuthuthukiswa isimo, ngamandla kwahamba phambili njengemboni kungenzeka, zama ukuthatha isinyathelo. Izibonelo zalokhu - okuningi, ngisho namakhulu eminyaka eyadlula. Omunye esekhona umlando usitshela indlela ngemuva umlilo esesabeka eMoscow ukuthi babevele 1472, abakhulu Ivan Iii (Umkhulu Ivana Groznogo), wadutshulwa ngemvula ayehileleke nemililo, wakhipha uchungechunge izinqumo, kusukela okuyilokho, eqinisweni, waqala ukuthuthukiswa ukuvikelwa umlilo eRussia.

Futhi Rurik, futhi esikhundleni sazo Romanovs nabo babezimisele kakhulu ukulwa ngomlilo. Babaziwa Ngokungenisa eziningi izinqumo enquma ukwakha ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni (futhi eMoscow ngokukhethekile) izakhiwo zamatshe kuphela, ukwakha kubo ezindaweni eziqhele komunye nomunye futhi ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo ngokumelene umlilo. Kulabo wephule iziqondiso, waba umsunguli izinhlekelele umlilo zanikezwa izinhlawulo esiqinile - ukuze lalingesinye isayensi.

Imililo Russia ubudala

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaphuli babhaxabulwa ngeziswebhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bafuna olushisayo izinyanga, ukudla ukupheka kuphela izinkantolo, hhayi ukwenza umlilo izakhiwo ngokhuni - kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Kukhona neze idolobha elilodwa lasendulo Russian, okuyinto babezosindiswa umlilo ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokukhokha ikhaya lakhe emlotheni, ngoba inkonzo umlilo njalo ubengekho ngesikhathi.

Ngo Novgorod umlilo 1212 emahoreni ambalwa wabhubhisa 4.300 ngamamitha, ukubulala sebuningini abantu. Ngo 1354 ashisiwe eMoscow. Kwasithatha amahora amabili kuphela ushwabadela ilangabi ibe amanxiwa yefilakisi hhayi kuphela ezibiyele kodwa nalabo abaseduze naye ejele. efanayo Imemori kabi futhi 1547 lapho omunye inhlekelele umlilo amangalelwe Pervoprestolnoj izimpilo latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Ukudala ukuvikelwa umlilo eRussia lezwakala ukuthi yini eyimfuneko ebalulekile yokuphila futhi kwaba impendulo nenselele izakhi.

Ukuzalwa isevisi umlilo njalo

A isinyathelo esikhulu lesi siqondiso lenziwe phakathi nokubusa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (uyise uPetru mina). Ngo-1649-ke wabona ukukhanya wayenobuhlobo "Conciliar Ikhodi" - iqoqo imithetho isimo Russian, esasivutha iminyaka cishe abangamakhulu amabili. Eight yezingxoxo zikaCharles ziye enikelwe nezindaba ezihlobene nomlilo nokuphepha, hhayi kuphela imizi nemizana, kodwa futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ehlathini.

Ngawo lowo nyaka kwaba khona omunye incwadi ebalulekile - ". Igunya Gradskij deanery" the Kwaba naye iqala umlando abantu bavikelekile ezingozini zomlilo eRussia, kusukela ngo-ke sinquma ukusungulwa isevisi njalo njalo professional, okuyinto abasebenzi amaholo esinqunyiwe Kumiswa.

Njengoba kuhloswe ukusungula komsebenzi amahora amane, ezazihlanganisa uhambo emadolobheni nesijeziso sazo sikhathi labo abephula imithetho yereferensi ngomlilo. umfutho wanikezwa ekuthuthukiseni izindlela lobuchwepheshe komlilo ukucindezelwa - Kunconywa ukuba kusetshenziswe ukulwa nemililo vodopolivnye amapayipi ukuthi babé bababonisi hoses yesimanje. Ngakho njalo inkonzo umlilo eRussia.

ukuthuthukiswa Fire ibhizinisi ngaphambi inguquko

Umsebenzi uqalile ngu Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, baqhubeka indodana yakhe? - UPetru I. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, umlando waseRussia ukuvikelwa umlilo ifinyelele ezingeni elisha qualitative. Ukuthatha isibonelo ukubeka ukucima umlilo emazweni ase-European, it is kakhulu ethuthukisiwe imishini yezobuchwepheshe amasevisi Russian uthenge ngabo phesheya, umlilo amaphampu, ifakwe lesikhumba imikhono kwaqhuma amanzi zethusi. Ngo wokubusa uPetru lamiswa Petersburg Admiralty kanye umnyango umlilo kuqala. E-Moscow, isikhathi esigcwele umlilo iqembu lamabutho eyavela kamuva kakhulu - kuphela 1804, ngomyalo we uMbusi u-Alexander I.

Phakathi nokubusa olandelayo Romanova - Tsar Nicholas mina - amasevisi umlilo njalo Akasekho impahla Petersburg naseMoscow. Lesi kwakuyisiqalo kokudaliweyo sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia, futhi isici esisemqoka ngemizi iba ingxenye umlilo nge esikhulu ngaphezu umbhoshongo iwashi. Isikhathi esining impela, lokhu sakhiwo wayengumJuda kwezihlahla ezinde kunazo zonke edolobheni, futhi ongashalazela ngisho emizaneni eseduze. Esimeni umlilo-umbhoshongo elaliphezu ephakanyiswe alamu ifulege, futhi izinga izakhamuzi inhlekelele unolwazi amabhola ekhethekile, futhi leyo mali kwaba ngqo wakhona endaweni umlilo.

Umlando yokuvikela umlilo of Russia ka-XIX leminyaka kwaphawulwa eziningi amabhizinisi kanye ngaphakathi dalo of ukukhiqizwa imishini adingekayo izicishamlilo. EMoscow Petersburg bathwalwa umlilo amaphampu kanye hoses kuye, alo isitebhisi nameva, kanye nomhlaba obhekwe izimoto zokuqala - izingxenye kanye izesekeli, ivumela ukuzisebenzisa ukulwa ngomlilo.

Inhlangano ekulweni nomlilo emva kwempi

ukunakwa okuningi sakhokhwa inhlangano yokuvikela umlilo futhi waqala ukubusa ngo-1917, uhulumeni kwamaBolshevik. Kakade ngo-Ephreli ngonyaka olandelayo, kube ishicilela isimemezelo okuhambisanayo futhi umisa isikhundla Commissioner of Insurance okuphambili kanye nempi yokulwa yomlilo. Okokuqala oqokelwe kulesi sikhundla M. T. Elizarov.

Yena izwe ubophekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuqaliswa kwe-zinyathelo ezishiwo ngesinqumo somthetho, futhi ukudalwa inethiwekhi wezwe olubanzi iziteshi umlilo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, isinqumo sikahulumeni isakhiwo NKVD emnyangweni umlilo emaphakathi, ukuze afeze kusukela ukuphathwa eyodwa amasevisi umlilo ezweni lonke.

Moscow naseLeningrad Technical lenkomfa

Ukuze aqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa ukuvikelwa umlilo ngo-1923 All-Russian Fire lenkomfa owaqhutshelwa e Moscow, ubuhanjelwe, e efika Ngaphezu amathimba kusuka emadolobheni ehlukene yezwe, futhi izivakashi owayevela eBelarus, e-Ukraine, Azerbaijan neGeorgia. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inkomfa, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile sakhokhwa nezindaba lokuvikela umlilo futhi uthathwa ezifanele abezicishamlilo ngamunye kwakufana onguchwepheshe ezifanele.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile ekulweni umlilo waqala lavulwa ngo-1924 eLeningrad Fire College. Abafundi baye baba we izisebenzi isisekelo okwakhelwe kuso eminyakeni eyalandela kwamiswa uhlelo lonke lokulawula umlilo, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ifakwe futhi ngokuzithandela abantu bavikelekile ezingozini zomlilo yeRussia. Lokhu entsha, ngesikhathi, isakhiwo yasungulwa nosizo olungokoqobo we-YCL kanye nezinhlangano inyunyana.

Umnikelo isayensi umkhakha ebhizinisini nemililo

Maphakathi nawo-eko ithola umfutho elisemqoka kuya ukukhiqizwa ezifuywayo imishini ukucima umlilo. Kanye onobuhle eziningi amaphampu, izitebhisi mechanical intuthu emapayipini ziyaphuma njengoba kuqala Soviet umlilo izinjini. Ekupheleni kuka-1927 ukuya ezweni imikhumbi yabo amayunithi lemine. Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi uqale ucwaningo sina nokuthuthukiswa kwenziwe izindonga laboratories ezimbili ezikhethekile ukuhlolwa, okuyinto eziwasebenzisayo abathweswe iziqu wadala esikhathini esifanayo Faculty of service onjiniyela umlilo.

Fire phakathi nempi

Umlando yokuvikela umlilo eRussia phakathi neMpi Yezwe II kwaba omunye emakhasini nendumezulu nobuqhawe leyo minyaka. neminyango bomlilo ohlengwe umlilo kukhona izakhiwo eziningi kwizakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi, okuyinto baye baba izisulu isitha sokuqhuma kwamabhomu nokungabi amabhomu. Kuphela omunye Leningrad phakathi nokuvinjelwa babulele abantu abangaphezu kuka amabili nambili. Hhayi ngokunikeza umfundi ithuba ngesikhathi Victory Parade umlilo division udabula Red Square nazo zonke amayunithi ukulwa.

Enye yezinkinga zokuphila kwanamuhla

Ochwepheshe baye baphetha ngokuthi ukwanda kwenani imililo is nasemkhakheni yesimanje, futhi imiphumela izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kubo ayabaluleka kakhulu. Njalo ngonyaka emhlabeni wonke okurekhodiwe okumayelana kwezigidi ezinhlanu imililo, zabulala abangaphezu kuka-abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, futhi isiza ekubuyiseleni izinto ezibonakalayo kuzo kubalwa amashumi ezigidi zamarandi namuhla. inhlekelele Okubi kanye umlilo wequbula kukhona - Peat, nokhuni, kanye ungaveli uwoyela eziphuthumayo kanye negesi ngentuthuko.

Konke lokhu umuntu uphika ochwepheshe ukuze sandise Ukufuna izindlela ezintsha ekulweni umlilo futhi sithuthukise akhona. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndawo emasikweni akudala athuthukile eRussia. Kuyinto ezweni lakithi kwaba asebenza okokuqala Foam umlilo zokucisha ubuchwepheshe emhlabeni, ithuthukiswe engcono design hydrants emhlabeni, futhi owokuqala ephathekayo mlilo.

Usuku izicishamlilo Russian

Modern inkonzo umlilo - kuyinto uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi Amatebhe, okuyinto unomthwalo wokwaziswa wokukucima ekhukhwini umlilo kakhulu eyinkimbinkimbi obuhlukahlukene. Njengomthetho, imisebenzi Tactical yenziwa izisebenzi emsebenzini unogada, kodwa kwezinye izimo abathintekayo amayunithi ekhethekile, okubandakanya abantu bavikelekile ezingozini zomlilo ekhethekile eRussia. Kulokhu sikhuluma kwasendaweni imililo okusongela nemiphumela zibe nzima ngokukhethekile (uwoyela negesi yokumba, izindawo zenuzi, izikhali emadepho, nokunye).

AmaRashiya inhlonipho nokwazisa are labo kuvikela izimpilo zabo kanye nempahla kusuka umlilo isici. Ngo-1999 yena esasayinwa yesinqumo sikahulumeni, kwakukhona ngaphansi lapho iholide - Usuku Fire Protection eRussia, kugujwa minyaka yonke ngo-Ephreli 30. Lolu suku lwamukelwa anginikhethanga ngengozi - kwaba April 30, 1649 kwaba khona inhliziyo eshiwo ngenhla, "Imiyalelo Gradskij deanery", okuyinto eyaba usuku Russiisevisi umlilo lokuzalwa.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.