Self-kulinywe, Psychology
Gestalt - kuyini? Gestalt Ukwelashwa: amasu
Gestalt - kuyini? Ngakho kuphakama umbuzo ngokuqondene abantu abaningi yesimanje, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ongase akwazi ukuthola kuye impendulo efanele. Igama elithi "gestalt" livela German. Njengoba yahunyushelwa olimini isiRashiya, kusho "isakhiwo", "umfanekiso", "uhlobo".
Frederik Perlz kwaba udokotela wezengqondo imilingo, ngakho zonke indlela zakhe lisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuthile engqondweni, kuhlanganise kwengqondo nezifo zengqondo, kanjalonjalo. Nokho, it is ziyasatshalalaiswa "Gestalt" indlela yokwelapha. Kuyini, ngokushesha yaba zokusebenza kwengqondo nesithakazelo futhi bengqondo abasebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha. ithandwa kangaka ezibanzi yokwelapha Gestalt kungenxa khona theory ezinengqondo futhi kuyaqondakala, anhlobonhlobo izindlela umsebenzi nge client noma nesineke, kanye ezingeni lelisetulu nekghono.
Inzuzo enkulu
The main futhi inzuzo enkulu - kungcono indlela ephelele ukuze umuntu ubheka izici yakhe engokwengqondo, engokomzimba ngokomoya futhi nomphakathi. Ukwelapha Gestalt esikhundleni ukugxila umbuzo Miselela ke nalokhu okulandelayo "Kungani kwenzeka indoda?": "Yini abantu manje azizwa futhi kungashintshwa kanjani". Abelaphi ukusebenza kule isiqondiso, ezama ukugxila ukunaka kwabantu ku nokuqaphela izinqubo ezenzeka kubo, "lapha futhi manje". Ngakho, iklayenti ifunda ukuba baqikelele ukuphila kwazo konke okwenzekayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngokwenza izinguquko oyifunayo.
Perls Gestalt uqobo kubhekwe iyonke, ukubhujiswa eliphumela izinsalela. Ifomu ivame ukuba iyunifomu, futhi uma kungaqali, umuntu esimweni sidle, ezikhandla ingcindezi phezu kwakhe. Ngo abantu ngokuvamile itholakala gestalt eziningi sidle ukuthi akunzima kakhulu ukuqeda, ngokwanele ukuze uwabone. Inzuzo enkulu wukuthi asikho isidingo lokumba ekujuleni equlekile, futhi badinga kuphela ukuze ufunde ukubona okusobala ukuthola kwabo.
indlela Gestalt kusekelwe ezimisweni nasezimfundisweni imiqondo njengoba ubuqotho, umthwalo, okuvela kuyo ukubhujiswa nokuhlushwa kwala izakhiwo, ifomu sidle, contact, ukuqwashisa, "lapha futhi manje".
Isimiso esibaluleke kakhulu
Man - a kokuba ebalulekile futhi ayikwazi kuphulwe kube zanoma iziphi izakhi, isibonelo, emzimbeni kanye psyche, noma umphefumulo nomzimba, njengoba lezi ukuzama angeke abe nomthelela omuhle endleleni aqonda ngayo izwe lakhe siqu kwangaphakathi.
Gestalt kubobonke siqukethe womuntu ngamunye kanye isikhala yayo okuqhamuka zinhlangothi lokhu Okusizayo nomthelela nomunye. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono lesi simiso singasebenza nasezikhathini lo Psychology of ubudlelwano ekuchumana. Inikeza ithuba ngokucacile ukubona kanjani ithonya umphakathi ongakanani ekutheni umuntu ngamunye. Nokho, ukushintsha ngokwalo, kuthinta nabanye owavele, futhi baba ezahlukene.
Imiqondo ukhiye we-Moscow Gestalt Institute, njengabanye abaningi, uyazicabangela welithi "contact". Yomuntu imi ngokuthile noma othile contact - ne izitshalo, imvelo, nabanye abantu, ulwazi, Bioenergy namasimu ngokwengqondo.
Indawo lapho umuntu eza mbeni imvelo, ebizwa umngcele contact. I kangcono umuntu azizwa ngayo nalokho kungaba ngaphezulu kalula kushintshwe contact umehluko, uyophumelela ukuba ihlangabezane nezidingo zabo futhi bafinyelele imigomo yabo. Nokho, le nqubo izici eyinqaba isici eziholela ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi elikhiqizayo muntu ahlukahlukene Amasimu ekuhlanganyeleni. ukwelashwa Perls Gestalt ihlose unqobe komgomo ezinjalo.
Isimiso sokudalwa nokubhujiswa Gestalt izakhiwo
Nge isimiso sendalo kanye ukubhujiswa Gestalt izakhiwo kungenziwa kalula alichaza ukuziphatha ngamunye. Umuntu ngamunye ujabulile ezimpilweni zabo kuye ngezidingo zabo siqu, awunika kuqala. Izenzo zakhe ahloselwe izidingo kanye nokufinyelela okuhlosiwe ekhona.
Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono, ungakwazi sixoxe ngezibonelo ezimbalwa. Ngakho, umuntu ofuna ukuthenga indlu, ukonga imali ukuze alithenge, thola inketho ofanele bese uba umnikazi emakhaya azo. Futhi labo abafisa ukuba nomntwana, siqondisa yonke imizamo yabo ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo. Uma ifinyelele oyifunayo (imfuneko wanelisekile), Gestalt iphela futhi eMpumalanga.
Umqondo gestalt sidle
Kodwa ifinyelela iqedwa (njengoba ngemuva kwalokhu - ukubhujiswa) akuzona zonke gestalt. Kwenzekani abanye abantu nokuthi kungani njalo akha uhlobo olufanayo isimo sidle? Lona umbuzo iminyaka eminingi ochwepheshe abathakazelayo ensimini wezokusebenza kwengqondo wezifo zengqondo. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi gestalt akuphelele.
Professionals endaweni yomsebenzi okuyinto ethile Gestalt Institute, Ahluleka ukuqaphela ukuthi ekuphileni kwabantu abaningi ngokuvamile zigcwele njalo yansukuzonke izimo ejwayelekile ezimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akathandi ukuba kudlalwe, njalo singena izimo ezinjalo, futhi Ongenazo nokuphila kwangasese, ngokuphindaphindiwe iza mbeni ke abantu ezingadingekile. "Ngeziphambeko" okunjalo axhunyiwe ne "isithombe" akuphelele, futhi umqondo womuntu ngeke bakwazi ukuthola ukuthula nje musa sifinyelele isiphetho sabo esinengqondo.
Lokho, umuntu nomuntu "isakhiwo" akuphelele, kuzinga enganakile, njalo ukulwela ukudala isimo negative sidle kuphela ukuyixazulula, futhi ekugcineni uvale le nkinga. Gestalt owelapha eyayenziwe kudala yikhasimende lakhe kulesi simo futhi ukusiza ukuthola indlela yokuphuma kuwo.
ukuqwashisa
Omunye umqondo oyisisekelo yokwelapha Gestalt kuyinto ukuqaphela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ulwazi umuntu ohlakaniphile sika yezwe lakhe zangaphakathi nezangaphandle Awunawo maqondana nalo. Yokuqwashisa Gestalt Psychology abangane ekubeni isimo lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi "lapha futhi manje". It libhekene yokuthi umuntu wenza zonke izenzo, eqondiswa ukwazi ukuphaphamela, futhi musa ukuphila ukuphila mechanical, sithembele kuphela indlela umfutho-ukusabela, njengoba isici isilwane.
Izinkinga eziningi (uma kungezona zonke) avele ukuphila komuntu ngenxa yokuthi yena luqondiswe yingqondo, hhayi ukwazi. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ingqondo kunalokho umsebenzi elinganiselwe, futhi abantu abahlala kuphela kubo, ngisho usola ukuthi empeleni okungaphezu kwalokho. Lokhu kuholela esikhundleni isimo ngokoqobo, nabanengqondo futhi amanga, kodwa futhi yokuthi impilo yomuntu ngamunye ithatha endaweni ehlukile fantasy world kweqiniso.
Gestalt abelaphi emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise naseMoscow Gestalt Institute, bayaqiniseka ukuthi ikhambi iningi lezinkinga, ukudideka, ukungaqondani nasekulondolozeni nobunzima umuntu udinga kuphela ukufinyelela nokuqaphela ngokoqobo kwangaphakathi nenjabulo yangaphandle. State yokuqwashisa ayivumeli abantu ukuba benze izinto ezimbi, singanqotshwa ipheshulwa okungahleliwe yokuveza imizwelo yakho, ngoba zihlale akwazi ukubona elalibazungezile ngoba ngalokho okuyikho ngempela.
umthwalo
Of Komuntu okuzelwe enye imfanelo ewusizo ke - umthwalo. lesibopho impilo yakho incike ezingeni ngokucacile ukuqaphela engokoqobo umuntu. Umuntu Ungahlala nokususa umthwalo ukwehluleka kwabo kanye amaphutha kwabanye, noma ngisho kuMdali, kodwa ubani ehluleka ukuba baqikelele ngokwabo, okwenza eqa enkulu ngendlela yentuthuko ngabanye.
abantu abaningi bengakwenzi lokhu ujwayelene lo mqondo njengoba gestalt. Okungukuthi, bayazi kakade ngesikhathi yokwamukela sokusebenza kwengqondo noma zengqondo. Uchwepheshe ikhomba inkinga nokuthuthukisa indlela ukukulungisa. Kungenxa yalesi yokwelapha ubuchwepheshe Gestalt has ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise kokubili yayo futhi lathathwa zalezi zinhlobo kwengqondo njengoba ukuhlaziywa amathekisthi adlulisa imilayezo, ukwelashwa ubuciko, psychodrama nokunye. Ngokusho gestaltists, njengengxenye indlela yabo, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi izindlela, okuyinto ukukhonza njenge- nqubekela yemvelo tetinkhulumomphendvulwano "Umeluleki-iklayenti" futhi uqinise izinqubo yokuqwashisa.
Umgomo we "lapha futhi manje"
Ngokusho kwakhe, zonke ezibalulekile ngempela kwenzakalani okwamanje. Ingqondo kuholela indoda ukuba esidlule (izinkumbulo, ahlaziye izimo iphutha) noma esikhathini esizayo (amaphupho, fantasies, ukuhlela), kodwa ayivumeli ukuphila esikhathini samanje, okuholela yokuthi lempilo idlula. Gestalt abelaphi akhuthaza amaklayenti ngamunye ukuphila "lapha futhi manje", ngaphandle ebuka umhlaba luyakhohlisa. Zonke umsebenzi wale ndlela lihlobene nokuqaphela ngomzuzu wamanje.
Izinhlobo Gestalt amasu, futhi izivumelwano
Zonke amasu yokwelapha Gestalt evamile ihlukaniswe "projective" futhi "inkhulumomphendvulwano." Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka asetshenziselwa ukusebenza amaphupho, isithombe, inkhulumomphendvulwano ngengqondo, njll
Lesi sakamuva ukumela umsebenzi odinga isineke, okuyinto eyenziwa owelapha ekusebenzisaneni nekhasimende. izindlela Specialist kufunwe of kokuphazamiseka womuntu, elisebenza ngokuvula imizwa yakho nokucabanga ngendlela ingxenye imvelo yayo, bese uletha ukuba umngcele contact. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amasu Gestalt kokubili izinhlobo iphothene emsebenzini, futhi kube nomehluko ocacile phakathi kwabo kungenzeka kuphela theory.
inqubo Gestalt ngokuvamile iqala yokwamukela ezifana esiphethweni zokusebenza. Lokhu isiqondiso libhekene yokuthi uchwepheshe futhi iklayenti - abalingani alinganayo, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo akuyikuba kancane obhekene imiphumela umsebenzi kulokuqala. Lesi sici impela lokuvela yesivumelwano ukusayina esiteji. Ngesikhathi esifanayo iklayenti kudala imigomo yayo. Man, umthwalo njalo kugwenywe, kunzima kakhulu ukuba uvumelane nezimo ezinjalo, futhi kulesi sigaba idinga kwenaba. At the stage of isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka umuntu uqala ukuba bafunde ukuzenzela ngokwabo kanye kwenzekani kuye.
"Zezıhlabane esihlalweni" futhi "kusho uSihlalo ezingenalutho"
Le nqubo ye "esihlalweni esishisayo" ingenye indawo kunazo owaziwa phakathi abelaphi, umsebenzi okuyinto YaseMoscow Gestalt Institute kanye nezinye izinhlaka eziningi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa umsebenzi iqembu. "Isihlalo Zezıhlabane" libhekisela endaweni lapho umuntu ehlala phansi, okuhloswe ukutshela izilaleli mayelana kobunzima ababebhekene nabo. Ngokuhamba kuchumana emkhatsini iklayenti kanye owelapha kuphela, lonke iqembu alalele, futhi kuphela ekupheleni kweseshini, bakhulume ngokuthi indlela ayezizwa ngayo.
The main amasu Gestalt uphinde ulandise "kusho uSihlalo ezingenalutho". Wasebenzisa ukusingatha owawubalulekile amaklayenti womuntu, yena angaba inkhulumomphendvulwano, okuyinto akubalulekile kangako uma uyaphila okwamanje noma baye bafa kakade. Enye injongo "kusho uSihlalo ezingenalutho" yizingxoxo eziphakathi ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zobuntu. Lokhu kuyadingeka uma ikhasimende basiphikise ukufakwa odala ukungqubuzana intrapersonal.
Okuhlushwa inzuzo zokuhlola
ndlela yakhe yokuqala ebizwa Gestalt Institute okuhlushwa (ukuqaphela lekugcilwe). Kukhona amazinga amathathu ukuqwashisa - imihlaba engaphakathi (imizwa, emizweni ngokomzimba), imihlaba yangaphandle (uma ngibona okuthile, ukuzwa), kanye nemicabango. Unalokhu engqondweni omunye wemigomo esemqoka yokwelapha Gestalt, "lapha futhi manje", iklayenti utshela Uchwepheshe ngokuqaphela kwakhe okwamanje. Ngokwesibonelo: "Manje nginamanga phezu kombhede futhi uphahla. Angikwazi uphumule. Inhliziyo yami yayihlukene ishaya ngamandla kakhulu. Ngiyazi ukuthi esilandelayo kimi owelapha. " Le nqubo sithuthukisa umuzwa lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi ukususwa komuntu kusuka ngokoqobo, kodwa futhi ulwazi oluyigugu umsebenzi okunye nalo.
Enye inqubo ngempumelelo kuyinto inzuzo zokuhlola. Kuyinto ukukhulisa iyiphi maloosoznavaemyh ezikushoyo ngamazwi non-ngamazwi futhi. Ngokwesibonelo, esimweni lapho ikhasimende ngokwakhe enganakile, ngokuvamile uqala inkulumo yakhe ngala mazwi: "yebo, kodwa ..." lo owelapha zingase zinikeze kuye ngendlela ukuqala yonke imisho, bese umuntu uyazi umbango wakhe nabanye kanye nesifiso njalo sishiye izwi lokugcina .
Ngokusebenzisana polarities
Lena enye indlela, okuvame yakhetha yokwelapha Gestalt. Ezobuchwepheshe sezenze umkhakha baye bafune ukubona bahlukene ebuntwini bayo. Phakathi kwabo endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala ukusebenza polarities.
Ngokwesibonelo, indoda ethile eyathi njalo ekhononda yokuthi akaboni yena, uphakamise ema enokuzethemba ukuzama ukuxhumana nabantu ababemzungezile kusukela kuleso sikhundla. No kancane ewusizo abe inkhulumomphendvulwano emkhatsini ukungaqiniseki nethemba lakhe.
Iklayenti wayengazi ukuthi ukucela usizo, enikezwa Gestalt owelapha kusebenza amalungu eqembu ngezinye izikhathi izicelo okungenangqondo kakhulu. Le nqubo yenza kube lula ukwandisa endaweni ukuqwashisa yomuntu ngenxa iinthombe ngaphambilini ezingafinyeleleki ezingaba siqu.
Ukusebenza amaphupho
Le nqubo ibizwa esetshenziswa abelaphi ndlela ezahlukene, kodwa yokuqala Gestalt nqubo ethize kuphela izici wakhe. Lapha, kuzo zonke izingxenye ubuthongo Uchwepheshe uyazicabangela ukuba yingxenye nobuntu, ngasinye iklayenti akumelwe sikhohliseke. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze unike projection yabo, noma ukususa retroflexion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho ukhansele ukusetshenziswa isimiso 'lapha futhi manje' ubuciko.
Ngakho, iklayenti kufanele batshele udokotela echaze iphupho, njengokuthile okuqoshwe eyenzekayo sanje. Ngokwesibonelo: "Ngagijima endleleni ihlathi. Enginakho ajabule futhi ngijabulela umzuzwana ngamunye wachitha ehlathini, nokunye. " Kuyadingeka ukuthi iklayenti echazwe iphupho lakhe "lapha futhi manje", hhayi kuphela ngenxa yayo siqu kodwa futhi esikhundleni sabanye abantu nezinto ekhona umbono. Ngokwesibonelo "Ngingu emazombezombe ihlathi endleleni. Kimi manje umuntu egijima, nokunye. "
Ngenxa yalo waboleka futhi amasu yokwelapha Gestalt kusiza abantu ukuba balahle kwenkolelo engaguqukiyo yokucabanga nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi buso, ukusungula ukuzethemba contact nabanye. indlela Gestalt uyakucabangela ufuzo, labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila isipiliyoni, ithonya umphakathi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukhuthaza umuntu ngamunye ukuba baqikelele izimpilo zabo nangenxa konke okwenzekayo kuwo.
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