Ima iqala, ekhulwini lama-20 kakade isayensi abasha ezifana amandla kwengqondo. Izikhombisi-main kwengqondo ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi, abakwazanga uphendula imibuzo iphakame in umongo izimo zomlando namasiko ezikhathini zanamuhla. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi isayensi basinda crisis wokuqala emlandweni waso, okuyinto buxhunyaniswe ngokuyinhloko ukwehluleka izimiso zalo theory akhiwa esikoleni introspective, ukuchaza ukuthi sinjani ngempela isimo izindaba emphakathini.
Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi main isiqondiso Psychology kwekhulu lama-20 zihlukile ngisho yabo isihloko cwaningo, nezikole ezahlukene zihlola izinhlangothi ezahlukene ngokoqobo esisebenzayo. Ikakhulukazi, Wundt, ummeleli structuralism, uzibekele umgomo okuyinto ukuhlola isipiliyoni ngqo kanye nezinhlaka zayo, kanye functionalists bamshaya indiva, ukugxila ukuhlaziya umsebenzi lezi zakhiwo. Ngakho, wathi iziqondiso main kwengqondo Western kuhluke ekukhulumeni kwabo yencazelo zokuphila kwabantu: the structuralists bakuchaza ngokuthi "uchungechunge izakhi", futhi functionalists - njengendlela "ekusakazeni ukwazi", okungenza kuphela wafunda lilonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuba nalabo abamele indlela functionalist sazibonakalisa practice.
Futhi, iziqondiso eziyisisekelo Psychology kwekhulu lama-20 zihlanganisa reflexology, okuyinto ithuthukiswe ikakhulukazi ososayensi isiRashiya, isibonelo, Pavlov futhi Bekhterev. Baye isihloko cwaningo ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese emizweni olutholwa umuntu. Pavlov, ngokukhethekile, owaqamba igama elithi "Ukusabela moya", futhi ukubonakala kwawo sichazwe. Ezinye izindawo eziyinhloko of kwengqondo, mhlawumbe, awazange ngakho lihlotshaniswa biology elalinayo konke okukhulu.
Behaviorists, eholwa Watson babekholelwa umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqonda zonke izimfihlakalo ukuziphatha eziphilayo. Futhi uma enye yezindawo eziyinhloko kwengqondo liye labhekana luhlangotsi, amalungu aleli lo mqondo uhlose ukuchaza zonke puzzle ukuziphatha izidalwa okuthonywa nayizimo umgomo okuyizinto ezihlobene lithathelwe emvelweni. Basuke ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwabo, amagundane amhlophe, ngoba ingqondo psyche ngoba kokuziphatha - lena, ngakho umehluko phakathi kwalezi zilwane futhi abantu azinakwa. Impumelelo eyinhloko esetshenziswa kulesi sikole kwaba incazelo ekutholeni amakghono ngokwenza amaphutha.
Futhi ekugcineni, omunye imiqondo of kwengqondo, owasungula ngalesi sikhathi kuba Freudianism. Freud igxile izenzo, izisusa, okuyinto abantu abakwazi ukuchaza. Ngakho weza umqondo "abazi lutho" kanye wanikela ukuphila kwakhe cwaningo yayo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi isizathu izenzo equlekile kungatholakala ngamaphupho ukutadisha, ukubhuka okungahleliwe futhi ukunyakaza okungalindelekile. Freud babekholelwa ukuthi konke ukuthuthukiswa siqu zingancishiswa imizwelo engokwemvelo ezimbili eziyisisekelo: isifiso sobulili, nasekwesabeni ukufa. Ukuhlala umphakathi, thina ukucindezela la mandla, ngakho ziphoqelelwa kombuso equlekile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi namanje bazenza wazizwa.