Izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali ziyizinto (kungaba laboratories, izikhungo noma amabhizinisi) okuyizindawo zokugcina, ukucubungula, ukusebenzisa noma ukuthutha amakhemikhali anobungozi angalimaza impilo yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuningi bezinto ezihambayo ezintweni ezinobungozi ngokweqile kunomkhawulo wezingqimba, futhi uma zibhujiswa, abantu, izilwane kanye nemvelo yonke ingatholakala igciwane. Izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali ziyizakhamzimba, ukuhlanzwa amafutha, inyama kanye nobisi, imboni yokudla, izindawo zokugcina kanye nezokugcina ezibandayo ezinezitshalo eziqandisayo ezikhona kuzo, lapho kusetshenzwa khona i-ammonia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezinobungozi zamakhemikhali kukhona izitshalo zokwelashwa kwamanzi kanye namabhizinisi we-pulp kanye namaphepha abasebenzisa i-chlorine emisebenzini yabo, kanye namachweba neziteshi zesitimela lapho kunezindlela lapho kutholakala khona izinto ezinobungozi ezinemithi engokwemvelo. Futhi kulezi zakhiwo kukhona noma yikuphi ukuthutha - kungaba ibhayisikili noma indiza ethwala izimpahla eziyingozi emakhemikhali. Izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali nazo ziyizikhungo zesayensi, ezikhulisayo noma ezemfundo ezinezolimo zamakhemikhali. Lapha ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza izinto zokugcina izinto, izisekelo kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezithengisa izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokugcwaliswa komhlaba lapho izinto ezinobungozi kanye neminye imfucuza yezimboni "ziphumula". Ngokuvamile, izinto ezinobungozi zisebenzisa i- acids (i-nitric ne-sulfuric), i-hydrogen sulfide, i-ammonia, i-carbon disulphide, i-chlorine namanye amakhemikhali.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezinobungozi kungenziwa ngezizathu ezahlukene:
- Ubuthi;
- ubungako;
- ubuchwepheshe bokugcina izinto ezinobungozi;
- izici zokukhiqiza (ukukhiqiza noma ukuchitha izinto eziyingozi emakhemikhali ezilahliwe ngengozi).
Izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine.
| Amakilasi | Isibalo sabantu abawela endaweni yokutheleleka ngesikhathi sengozi yamakhemikhali (izinkulungwane zabantu) | I-Radius ye- sanitary protection zone ezungeze indawo (ngamamitha) | Iphesenti labantu abahlala benesifo endaweni yokusola kwamakhemikhali |
| Okokuqala | Ngaphezu kuka-75 | 1000 | Ngaphezu kuka-50 |
| 2 nd | 75-40 | 500 | 50-30 |
| Yesithathu | Ngaphansi kuka-40 | 300 | 30-10 |
| 4th | 0 | 100 | Ngaphansi kuka-10 |
Izici zezinto ezinobungozi ezingokwemvelo azinikezi ulwazi olududuzayo ngokuphepha kwabo. Noma iyiphi into engozini engokwemvelo engozini ingakwazi "ukuhlasela" imvelo kalula, okwenza ubuthi obukhulu phakathi kwabantu. Futhi kuvela kuzo ngale ndlela ukulimaza izwe elibazungezile ngenxa yezici ze-physicochemical kanye ne-toxic zalezi zinto. Ukubaluleka okubaluleke nakakhulu lapha kukhona izindawo ezinjengokushisa okushisa, ama-flares, abilayo nokuqhwaza, umbuso ohlangene , ukushisa, ukushisa kwamanzi, i-viscosity, ubukhulu, ukushisa kwamanzi, ukushisa, ukulingana kwe-coefficient, i- hydrolysis nokucindezela kwe-vapor egcwele. Kodwa kunezinye izinto eziningi ezidlala indima ebalulekile "empilweni" yalezi zinto eziyingozi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, 0 ezimpilweni zabantu.