Grigoriy Samuilovich Landsberg: physics. physics Elementary

Omunye ososayensi engcono Soviet ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX - UGrigory Landsberg. Physics baba ubizo lwakhe njengoba ingane. Yaziwa ngokuthi ziwuhlobo umcwaningi yokukhanya.

Imilando lososayensi

Ngo Vologda e-1890, wazalwa UGrigory Landsberg. Zemvelo ubani namuhla abazi igama, ungeke ucabange. A usosayensi owazalelwa esizayo umndeni wehlathi abaphezulu nomkakhe Berty Boym.

Wangena Vologda lolimi esikoleni, kodwa ngokushesha wathutha nomkhaya wakhe Nizhny Novgorod, lapho wagcina ukuthola imfundo yesibili. Wathweswa iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-1908. Gold Medal waklonyeliswa sesifundo somuntu esihle.

Ukutadisha eMoscow

Kusukela Nizhny Novgorod eMoscow wathumela Landsberg. Physics ilapha eba yimbangela esithandayo. Wangena Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Ngo-1913 wathola idiploma bezinga lokuqala. Kulokhu, inyuvesi banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo ukuhamba, kodwa ukuze uhlale okuthunyelwe-Laboratory umsizi. Ngokushesha uqala ukufundisa Landsberg. Physics, lapho ezinkulumo zakhe, ngenkathi edabula izinguquko eziningi ziye enikelwe. Owathola kungaba ubani.

Khonamanjalo Landsberg uyaqhubeka eyunivesithi ukucwaninga kwesayensi, ngokulindela ukuthola isihloko Uprofesa esikhathini eside. Lokhu wasifinyelela emva Okthoba Revolution futhi kulwiwa - ngo-1923.

Ukufundisa eMoscow State University, wahola kuze 1951 nge iziphazamiso eziningana.

Waphinde wasebenza ngesikhathi eMoscow Mechanical Institute kanye eMoscow Isikhungo Physics Nobuchwepheshe.

Landsberg ukuvulwa

Grigoriy Samuilovich Landsberg wasala inkumbulo njengenzalo ka umcwaningi emkhakheni yokukhanya namandla spectroscopy. Ngo-1926, wehluleka okuhlangenwe nakho engakaze ibonwe ngesikhathi - ukuhlonza kanye uhlolisise kusakazeka yamangqamuzana zokukhanya zinhlayiya.

Ngo-1928, Landsberg isebenza omunye wabasunguli be-kazwelonke umsakazo physics leonid Mandelstam. Ndawonye zembula lo mkhuba Raman kusakazeka. Kwenzeka isimanga, lesi parallel kuvulwa okufanayo ukwenza zesayensi oyiNdiya kube komunye umkhawulo emhlabeni - C. V Raman futhi Krishnan. ososayensi Soviet ukuphatha Ucwaningo zifakazela iqiniso lokuthi ekusakazekeni ukukhanya sijikijelwa amagagasi acoustic efudumele. Le mpumelelo kwakungenxa e Landsberg ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, yena, sizobe ukukhuluma okwengeziwe.

Ngo-1931, isazi sesayensi yemvelo wembula kusakazeka abakhethayo yokukhanya. uyiqala kanjalo spectroscopy yasekhaya, isifundo esijulile kokusebenzisana yamangqamuzana uketshezi, amagesi futhi ukudla okuqinile.

Imiklomelo kanye Imiklomelo

Ngo-1941, Landsberg wathola umklomelo eliphakeme isikhathi sakhe - Stalin Prize. Academy of Sciences of eSoviet Union, ngakho-ke amanothi ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezincwadini ukuhlaziya Alloys nezinsimbi. Okutholakele ube ukubaluleka esisebenzayo. Phela, ukuhlaziywa efanayo kuyasebenza futhi nakubafazi Izingxube eziphilayo, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba motor nophethiloli.

Ukuvula Landsberg esadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni, kuhlanganise imishini empini ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II. Ngakho-ke, esingokomfanekiso 10 June 1945, ngokushesha nje ngemva kokunqoba, Landsberg waklonyeliswa umklomelo eliphakeme wase-USSR - Order of Lenin.

physics ebhukwinitifundvo

Yazi nabafundi ethuthukile, ngubani-physics UGrigory Landsberg. physics Elementary, eshicilelwe ngaphansi editorship yakhe, oye wamlethela impumelelo enjalo phakathi abafundi zamanje. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, iyona engcono kunazo zonke izifundo ekhona ekutadisheni physics aphansi. Landsberg ebhukwinitifundvo kwakuqala ukwanda okukhulu kuba yisikhathi emva kweminyaka kunabantu. Kuthiwa namuhla zingatholakala ezitolo edition 13th. Ngakho adumile imiqulu emithathu ye physics. Landsberg wakwazi ulimi kufinyeleleke ukuchaza izinto ngendlela emangalisayo neyinkimbinkimbi ngokungaphezulu. Lokhu kinematics, Dynamics, statics, ezinyakazayo curvilinear, hydrostatics, physics yamangqamuzana, property amagesi, uketshezi futhi eziqinile, nokuningi.

othisha Modern namuhla nezinzuzo ngokujulile ezikhishwe Landsberg. physics Elementary, okuyinto Izibuyekezo ezitholiwe kuze kube manje, kusukela iphuzu ngokomzimba umbono, ucabangela cishe zonke zemvelo izinqubo kanye izenzakalo. Abafundi ukugubha isakhiwo elula futhi kufinyeleleke lapho yonke inkambo yokuhle kwethulwa.

Landsberg wabhala aphansi physics ebhukwinitifundvo izilaleli ebanzi. Namuhla, isetshenziswa belungiselela ukungena noma amakolishi obuchwepheshe ngokuhamba inkambo lunye. Futhi iyatholakala abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme ababebhalise ukufunda ekhethekile noma izikole orientation lobuchwepheshe. Futhi kubo bonke abenza self-imfundo noma alungiselela ukungena semfundo ephakeme. Lokhu okokufundisa uye iminyaka eminingi kubhekwe okungcono ebhukwinitifundvo yasekhaya ku-physics, ngakho njalo selikhishiwe kuzo zonke izizukulwane olandelayo.

kwezesayensi

UGrigory Landsberg enza khona umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi Soviet. Wasungula ikhomishana on spectroscopy, yena ephethwe kamuva. Kamuva, uKhomishane uye wazakhela kangangokuba iye yashintshwa yaba Institute of spectroscopy wase-USSR Academy of Sciences. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1968. Namuhla, i-Research Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, ezinze edolobheni Troitsk, esifundeni eMoscow.

Landsberg udumo ngokwakha isikole atomic yamangqamuzana ukuhlaziya Spectral, okuvela kulo kamuva waphuma angaphezu kweshumi nambili zesayensi ovelele wezwe elaliyiSoviet Union.

kusakazeka ukukhanya

Umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu - kuvulwa into eyaziwa ngokuthi Raman kusakazeka, Landsberg, kanye leonid Mandelstam ezenziwe ngesisekelo laboratory YaseMoscow State University. Kukulo muzi lapho baqala ulinge ukutadisha kusakazeka ukukhanya e zinhlayiya e-molecule. Ngenxa yalokhu bakwazi cishe ukufakazela umbono wokuthi Mandelstam bebeka phambili kuphela theory.

simemezelo Esemthethweni ezitholakele eziphawuleka physics wenzé Apreli 27, 1928 ngesikhathi Colloquilum ngesikhathi Moscow State University. Ngemva nje kwalokho, izincwadi ezifanele sekukhona eSoviet namajenali ezimbili German ngokwesayensi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufana nokuvula at komunye umkhawulo yomhlaba, e-India, bekungenxa kakhulu ngephutha. Uma ososayensi Soviet ukubeka ucwaningo okubhekiswe ngizama ukubakhumbuza umbono ocatshangelwayo othize, physics Indian ngifuna izingxenye wokukhanya kwelanga abahlakazeke evala futhi uketshezi. ucwaningo ezinjalo ezibekwe laboratories. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kungalindelekile wathola Raman kusakazeka.

Ngokusho amarekhodi Diaries labacwaningi, ngokokuqala ngqa, zibona i lesi simanga ngo-February 28, esingangesonto ngemva kokuba laligujwa zesayensi Soviet.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ngo-1930, iKomiti kaNobel lakhethwa sonyaka emsebenzini physics Chandrasekhar Venkata Ramana. Ngamazwi athi "ngokuba imisebenzi yakhe kusakazeka ukukhanya futhi kokutholakala umphumela", yaqanjwa nososayensi. Ngo umkhuba emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi izincwadi yezobuchwepheshe angaphandle, lesi simanga isabizwa igama "Raman umphumela".

"Incwadi ukuze ezingamakhulu amathathu '

Ngo-1955, UGrigory Landsberg wasayina okubizwa ngokuthi "incwadi ezingamakhulu amathathu." Lokhu kuguqulwa mass iqembu elikhulu ososayensi enethonya Soviet wethulwa KaHulumeni ye CPSU Central Committee.

Injongo eyinhloko abalobi uhlamvu kwakuyisipho critique of eziphilayo Soviet phakathi nawo-50-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka. Le ncwadi ezaziqondiswe ngokumelene sezolimo namahlathi kweSoviet futhi isazi sezinto eziphilayo Trofim Lysenko, ogama izindlela nezindlela nabizelwa nesayensi. Lokho le ncwadi kwakuyisiqalo okubizwa ngokuthi "Lysenkoism" - umkhankaso ukuhlukunyezwa ngokumelene eU.SSR ososayensi zezakhi zofuzo uyaphika zofuzo njengendlela isayensi nhlobo.

Umphumela uye waba ukuba kuvinjelwe ukucwaninga ngofuzo e-USSR, futhi Lysenko yaxoshwa okuthunyelwe sakhe sokuba ngumengameli we Zonke-Union Academy of Science ngokuphathelene Agricultural iqanjwe Lenin. Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo, ukuphathwa salandelwa neSoviet Academy of Sciences.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, UGrigory Landsberg wafa. Washona ngo-February 1957. physics Famous wayeneminyaka engamashumi 67 ubudala.