Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali amanzi.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu yengacabangi, kunalokho eliyikho ngempela amanzi nokuthi labunjwa emhlabeni. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19, abantu babengazi ukuthi, eqinisweni, amanzi liyisici zamakhemikhali. Kukholakala ukuthi ubeyisibenzi - ezejwayelekile chemical isici. Esanda kutholakala ke kutholwe ukuthi amanzi - is element chemical kabani ifomula - H2O.

izakhiwo Chemical yamanzi kuxhomeke engokoqobo zama-athomu yayo, kanye nezindlela ubudlelwane kwabo engqamuzaneni kanye namaqembu alandelayo zinhlayiya zakha. Njengoba njalo nabo izinto ezihlukahlukene, amanzi yisisombululo ukuze laqanjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi kuziveza njengenhlangano kuphela kakhulu njengoba kungaba chaza ketshezi, futhi eziqinile, futhi amagesi.

Ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ezinhle kuphela ezinjalo zibonakale ngezingxabano esihlanza amanzi olwandle, njengoba kungaba chaza cishe zonke izinto. izakhi Cishe ayisikhombisa kohlelo gqwa ingatholakala oyiyo. Ngo yasolwandle ocean amanzi izakhi ngisho ezingavamile enemisebe kungatholakala. Ingqikithi ngokuvamile ihlangabezane emanzini Ukwakheka - kuyinto chloro, sodium, isibabule, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-strontium uxhumano lokudlulisa, carbon, futhi boron.

Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi zembula izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezicashile lenhlangano yamanzi mass. Kuthathwa uxhumano nzima kunazo zonke izinto aziwa zesayensi kanye bamakhemikhali. Ukwakheka namanzi chemical ziyahlukahluka, kodwa kuyodingeka kunemiphumela ehlukile ezinganeni umzimba womuntu, ngoba kwamiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

izakhiwo Chemical amanzi nakho kuncike ukwakheka kwama-molecule ayo. Ikakhulukazi, i-molecule yamanzi yakhiwa ngama-athomu amathathu, okuyinto akhiwa ngendlela unxantathu isosceles. Ngezinye phezulu salo athomu oksijini, ngenkathi e base ezimbili ama-athomu ye-hydrogen. Ngakho kwakwakhe valent HOH engela kulingana 104,31 °.

Kukhona futhi ezinye izakhiwo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali amanzi, okuyinto ziphambene nemigomo ishadi lesikhathi. Ikakhulu, i-izici eliphezulu kakhulu amanzi yilawo abazalwa kumele libe lincane kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso of ukuqanda ukubila okushisa, ukushisa Fusion kanye vaporization.

ukuqanda ukuvala abacaphuni umoya-mpilo ebangeni le hydride izakhi we iqeqebana njengoba compounds lula encishisiwe. Uma iphethini enjalo esebenza phezu kwamanzi, bekuyoba ubilise ngesikhathi ezijulile negative lokushisa kwenani ngisho -70 ° C futhi ukumisa at -90 ° C. Lokhu, kwakuyovusa ukuntuleka kwamanzi emhlabeni, njengoba ayikwazanga eziqukethwe isimo okuluketshezi noma okuqinile. Okuwukuphela kungenzeka ukhetho - isimo gaseous.

Mayelana nokuvutha vaporization kungashiwo ukuthi, ngokuba lo ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, eliwu 100 ° C, kubalulekile ukuba izikhathi 6 ukushisa ngaphezu for mass efanayo yamanzi Ukushisa ku-80 ° C.

Njalo ngeminithi kwesigidi amathani yamanzi hydrosphere ahwamuka ukushisa kwelanga. Ngenxa yalokho kuzichaya emkhathini njalo iqukethe semali ukushisa, okulingana okwakuyobonisa athuthukile ayizinkulungwane 40 amandla amakhulu kunawo wonke.

Okunjalo esiyingqayizivele Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali amanzi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba kabanzi ukuyisebenzisa emisebenzini ekhiqizayo. Ikakhulu, i-izimboni Metallurgical anesizotha esetshenziswa amanzi abilisiwe lwaluyophola. Lesi senzo esasibonakala nakuba ngenxa yokuthi Ukupholisa kwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa ka vaporization. Lokhu kungabi nesidingo esengeziwe ukwakhiwa Ukupholisa umbhoshongo.

Yiqiniso, amanzi abilayo njengoba kokupholisayo lingasetshenziswa kuphela lezo zindawo lapho izinga lokushisa Ukushisa idlula Inkomba 100 ° C.

I izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali amanzi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuyisebenzisa kwezolimo, hhayi kuphela ukuchelela izitshalo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngasekupheleni entwasahlobo yesithwathwa zenzeka okungazelelwe, esongela izihlahla zezimbali, balimi afeze okuthiwa engadini Sprinkler. Indwangu spray esihle umboza izihlahla merznuschie. amanzi futhi ukumboza izimbali ngokwabo. Wabe ngokushesha uphendukela ice futhi ifihla imbali wasinikeza ukufudumala yayo.

Njengoba ubona, amanzi, izakhiwo amakhemikhali ezingaqediwe okwamanje kwehlwaywe - kuba kwakwakhe esiyingqayizivele, olusekela zonke ukuphila emhlabeni futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila komuntu.