Amathambo ebusweni: anatomy. amathambo ebusweni Yekhanda

skull womuntu kwifomu ogtogeneze sibhekana nezinguquko eziphawulekayo. Ngo utero futhi osanda kuzalwa skull somntwana oyindilinga ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho ngaphezulu ithuthukiswe futhi usokhaya kudinga emikhulu umthamo cranial. Ukuma Yekhanda kuyahlukahluka njengoba amazinyo zikhule futhi fixed ukuhlafuna imisipha.

Izinhlobonhlobo amathambo ebusweni

Ugebhezi has izigaba ebusweni kanye nobuchopho. Umngcele lesemkhatsini wa ngemuva kanye nesilinganiso esemkhathini. amathambo Cranial flat. Bahlanganiswe ezivuzayo evumela ukukhula kwezine zawo wonke amathambo cranial. Ngemva ukukhula kwabo Ukuqina sekuyenzeka sithule.

Isigaba phambi ugebhezi yakhiwa acinene kanye izimbotshana ngomlomo. Ngu ayibhangqiwe zihlanganisa:

• ithambo ethmoid;
• ngikwazi ukuqala;
• ithambo hyoid.

Umbhangqwana ivelele:

• i ongenhla;
• ithambo acinene;
• esiqondile;
• lacrimal;
• Malar;
• leWebhu;
• ithambo LasePalatine;
• umhlathi ongezansi;
• turbinate.

Ake sicabangele Wonke amathambo akhe ugebhezi ebusweni.

maxilla

Lokhu ithambo ikamelo umusi. Siqukethe umzimba nezinqubo ezine. Umzimba kufaka itheku maxillary, okuyinto baxhumana umgodi ububanzi emfantwini futhi acinene. Umzimba siqukethe evele phambi, infratemporal, amehlo kanye acinene.

ebusweni Front has simise ngilugweda. Emngceleni salo esifundeni infraorbital ngezansi esemgwaqweni kunesikhala nezinzwa infraorbital nempahla. Ngaphansi kwawo - imbobo uhlobo fossa Canine. On onqenqemeni medial emise umnsalo usike kahle, lapho phambi ukuvulwa kubonakale ingaphakathi acinene. I ephansi onqenqemeni izenzo kanye kudala emgogodleni acinene.

Kusukela ebusweni esemkhathini kudala udonga aphansi esemkhathini kokuba bushelelezi ngilugweda ukuma esingunxantathu. Emkhakheni onqenqemeni medial ke elisemngceleni nge ithambo lacrimal, ipuleti esemkhathini bone. Ngo ngemuva umngcele egobhoza aphansi ZaseLaki esemkhathini kusuka lapho iqala emseleni infraorbital. Front uguqulwe umsele infraorbital.

ebusweni Infratemporal kudalwa kusukela pterygopalatine futhi infratemporal-palatal imigodi. Front ke eklanywe inqubo zygomatic. It ngokucacile ivelele egqumeni emhlathini, lapho asungula izimbobo alveolar, kuphenduke imigudu efanele. Lezi ziteshi usebenze izitsha nezinzwa ziqondiswe molars.

kwakhiwa ebusweni ikhala ngumuntu sendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. It is kuhlangene ithambo esibhakabhakeni kanye aphansi igobolondo ekhaleni, uya engxenyeni engenhla ithambo palatal. Uma uyikha phezulu le kuyabonakala razschelina maxillary ngesimo unxantathu. Phambili kahle esashiwo inkatho mpo, okuyinto ehlangene igobolondo aphansi futhi acinene ithambo lacrimal.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ebusweni skull ithambo uyaqhubeka neseleko frontal esukela elingenhla emizimbeni emhlathini esikhundleni Kuhlanganiswe acinene, amehlo kanye phambi evele. Omunye ekupheleni inqubo kuziwa Iminsalo ithambo engaphelele. Uma uyikha phezulu le lateral amanga Crest lacrimal odlula ku esifundeni infraorbital, delimiting emseleni izinyembezi. Uma uyikha phezulu le medial kuyinto igridi ikamu yokhalo exhuma ithambo zygomatic.

inqubo Zygomatic, kokushiya emhlathini, futhi converges nge ithambo zygomatic.

ithambo Alveolar - ipuleti onephunga uhlangothi phakathi, kanye nezinye - ayizindunduma owayephuma kusuka umhlathi. usiko ephansi - ke alveolar arc kude (izinyo Lune) 8 ngoba amazinyo engenhla. gumbi Alveolar ukuqinisekisa ngodonga ukutholakala mezhalveolyarnyh. awalethe Ngaphandle esabiwe, ikakhulukazi ngokucacile esifundeni anterior.

Scion isibhakabhaka ipuleti ovundlile. Yena evela ebusweni acinene, lapho uya ithambo alveolar. ingaphezulu lalo abushelelezi futhi sidala odongeni phansi komgodi acinene. Umkhawulo medial has a ephakanyiswe ekhaleni yokhalo, okuyinto kudala inqubo palatal, esihlanganisa ne emaphethelweni Coulter.

The ephansi maholoholo ebusweni ihlukile, ume ngemuva emseleni LasePalatine. Unqenqema medial ixhunywe neseleko efanayo ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ulwanga kanzima. Ngaphambili emaphethelweni imbobo ishizolo wesiteshi ezingemuva - is kuhlangene ithambo palatal.

amathambo LasePalatine

amathambo ebusweni zibhangqwe futhi ayibhangqiwe. LasePalatine ithambo libhekisela umbhangqwana. Siqukethe ipuleti perpendicular futhi ovundlile.

I ipuleti ovundlile has emagumbini amane. Kanye LasePalatine ithambo amaqhubu kuba esibhakabhakeni. A ovundlile ipuleti phansi has a ebusweni anolaka. ebusweni acinene, ngokuphambene, abushelelezi. Therealong futhi neseleko elise acinene Crest maxillary odlula ku ithambo ekhaleni.

Perpendicular odongeni ipuleti kufakwe ngalo ingaphakathi acinene. On ubuso bayo lateral we inkatho kuyinto esibhakabhakeni ezinkulu. Yena, kanye anemifantu we ongenhla neseleko ithambo sphenoid, udala esibhakabhakeni isiteshi esikhulu. Ekugcineni kuba umgodi. Uma uyikha phezulu le medial we ipuleti, yebhangqa crests ovundlile - omunye igridi kuyilapho omunye - echibini.

Kusukela amathambo LasePalatine esifundeni ebusweni Yekhanda suka esemkhathini, pyramidal futhi ezihlobene nhlonhlo emise. Eyokuqala siphela singatsheki futhi phambili, uhamba wesibili phansi, emuva singatsheki endaweni amapuleti uxhumano kanti eyesithathu Uya emuva medially ngokuxhuma ku ithambo sphenoid.

vomer

Ngesivuli kuyinto amathambo ayibhangqiwe ebusweni Yekhanda. Lolu qwembe trapezoid esemgwaqweni ngalo ingaphakathi acinene futhi kudala ukwahlukanisa. Verhnezadny onqenqemeni mkhulu kunokhalo ezinye izingxenye. It ihlukaniswe kabili, futhi emseleni kwakhiwa sihamba uqhwaku kanye Crest wethambo sphenoid. Unqenqema ezingemuva ehlukanisa choanae, phansi - ehlangene lamagquma ekhaleni LasePalatine amathambo ngaphambili - e kunye septum acinene, futhi omunye ipuleti wethambo ethmoid.

ithambo acinene

Kufundza ngababili ebusweni skull ithambo ethulwa ithambo acinene, ukudala ithambo emuva. Lolu qwembe mncane emagumbini amane, emphethweni engenhla okuyinto mkhulu futhi iyincane kunobubanzi ephansi. It ixhunywe ithambo ngokuqondile, i-lateral - ne inqubo engaphelele, futhi aphansi kanye inqubo isizinda frontal kuyinto umngcele beso of ngalo ingaphakathi acinene. Ngaphambili kobuso ithambo has surface bushelelezi, nengxenye yalo engemuva - ngilugweda ngehele inkatho.

ithambo lacrimal

Lezi amathambo abantu ebusweni Yekhanda nazo abhanqiwe. Bethula ipuleti kunalokho ethambile ngesimo a quadrangle. Ngalo, phambi udonga emzileni. Phambi kokuthi ahlangane inqubo frontal, phezulu - ngosiko ithambo engaphelele, futhi ngemva - ne ipuleti wethambo ethmoid, ekuqaleni ehlanganisa ingaphezulu lalo medial. Uma uyikha phezulu le lateral elitholakala Crest lacrimal wezinyembezi ngodobo ekupheleni. A phambili kuyinto inkatho lacrimal.

cheekbone

Enye ithambo pair, ekuhlanganiseni amathambo skull palsy futhi ebusweni. It emelelwa esemkhathini, yesikhashana futhi lateral evele, kanye izinqubo engaphelele kanye yesikhashana.

Ebusweni lateral kuyinto quadrilateral okungajwayelekile amafomu esemkhathini udonga emzileni nesifunda infraorbital, yesikhashana futhi - ingxenye fossa infratemporal.

neseleko Frontal ubabonisa phezulu nezesikhasana - phansi. Kugcine yenqubo zygomatic zygomatic lwaleli amafomu. Bone lo ongenhla ogibele endaweni serrated.

umhlathi ongezansi

Lona kuphela mobile ithambo cranial. Kuyinto ayibhangqiwe futhi siqukethe umzimba ovundlile, futhi amagatsha amabili mpo.

Umzimba uzimisele simise ukhamba futhi babe kokubili ebusweni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. usiko engezansi uqweqwe bese ahanjiswa, futhi engxenyeni engenhla nge kudala alveoli alveolar zamazinyo zazo bahlukana ngodonga.

Eme phambi kwaleso kwesilevu elise protrusion ekhula njalo futhi kuphenduke kwesilevu tubercle. Ngemuva kukhona foramen engqondo, ngemva kwalokho kufika umugqa etshekile.

Phakathi engxenyeni engaphakathi umhlathi ongezansi ikhishwe kwesilevu emgogodleni, nhlangothi zombili lapho kukhona oblong fossa 2-besisu. Emaphethelweni engenhla, eduze alveoli yamazinyo, iyona fossa sublingual, ngaphansi oluvela ababuthakathaka emhlathini-hyoid umugqa. Umugqa itholakala ngaphansi fossa submandibular.

Yegatsha emhlathini kuyinto isitimu, it has imiphetho front futhi bakhulise, i yangaphandle kanye ebusweni engaphakathi. On engxenyeni engaphandle ye-ukuhlafuna itholiwe, futhi ngaphakathi - tuberosity pterygoid.

Yegatsha iphela front futhi bakhulise ezihlobene ukuthi ukudlulisa phezulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ukuwagwinya umhlathi ongezansi. inqubo anterior - coronal, wakhomba phezulu. ikamu Buccal iholwa kwesisekelo salo ukuze izinyo olukhulu. A ezingemuva condylar neseleko eqeda ekhanda, emqaleni nasemhlane ezisabalele umhlathi ongezansi.

ithambo hyoid

Amathambo yesifunda ebusweni Yekhanda ekupheleni hyoid ithambo, esemgwaqweni entanyeni phakathi amalaka futhi umhlathi ongezansi. Kuhlanganisa umzimba futhi ezihlobene ezimbili ngesimo izimpondo ezinkulu nezincane. ithambo umzimba lwalugobile, ngaphambili ingxenye - the ayizindunduma langemuva - ngilugweda. La maqembu hlanhlatha izimpondo enkulu langaphezulu, singatsheki futhi emuva - amancane. Ithambo hyoid imiswe okwesikhashana kusukela amathambo skull ngu imisipha nemisipha. Ixhumeke nge amalaka.

isiphetho

Lapho sitadisha amathambo ebusweni Yekhanda, umumo womzimba idonsela ukunakekela kuqala kunazo zonke sezwe nzima Laphezu yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi, echazwe iqiniso lokuthi kukhona ubuchopho, ganglia eziyishumi nemitshingo sezinzwa.

Mathambo ayindlu umile (ngaphandle umhlathi ongezansi). Basuke kuvikelwe ezihlukahlukene ezivuzayo e kogebhezi ubuso, kanye ngokusebenzisa uqwanga ngesikhathi emalungeni base cranial.