Ngubani uyise physics yokubusa kweSoviet? I zesayensi edume kakhulu zase-USSR

Ukucwaninga kososayensi eSoviet Union kwenziwe emihlambini. Abasebenzi eziningi ucwaningo nezikhungo kanye laboratories baye esebenza ubusuku nemini ukuze kuzuze abantu abavamile kanye nasezweni lonke. Academy of Sciences kwaba ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa, njengoba ubuchwepheshe, humanities, izibalo, osokhemisi, odokotela, izazi zezinto eziphilayo, zokuma kwendawo besika inkungu yokungaqiniseki.

Nokho, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile wanikwa zesayensi.

amagatsha physics

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba amalungelo abaningi babe Aerospace, izindiza, kanye ukudalwa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer.

Soviet physics Baba

ososayensi Famous emlandweni babebaningi. Uhlu esithi "zesayensi edume kakhulu zase-USSR" kuvula iphini likamengameli we-Academy of Sciences zase-USSR, Academician Ioffe Abrama Fedorovich. Ososayensi baye wadala esikoleni edumile, ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene usuqede eziningi abanamakhono abathweswe iziqu. Kuyinto akukho ngozi-Abrama Fedorovich - le-physics esidumile Soviet, omunye walabo ababizwa ngokuthi "obaba" kwale sayensi.

Usosayensi esizayo wazalwa ngo-1880 e Romny, eduze Poltava, emndenini yomthengisi. Ngo ndawo yakubo, imfundo yesibili, ngo-1902 wathola iziqu Petersburg Institute of Technology, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu - Inyuvesi ekhatsi Munich. Ngokuzayo "uyise physics namaSoviet" bavikela umsebenzi kakhulu Vilgelma Konrada uRöntgen. Akumangazi ukuthi umuntu afe esemncane enjalo Abrama Fedorovich wathola isihloko Doctor of Science.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wabuyela Petersburg, lapho waqala ukusebenza wendawo Polytechnic Institute. Kakade ngo-1911 usosayensi elathola lolu daba wokuqala obalulekile - likhombe icala electron. amathuba okuba umculi okhokhelwayo ngokushesha wenyuka ngo-1913 wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba UProfesa Joffe esitatimendeni.

1918 kuyaphawuleka ngoba umlando yokuthi ngenxa ithonya usosayensi wavulwa Faculty Physico-Mechanical Institute of Radiology cwaningo. Ngalesi kamuva Joffe esitatimendeni wathola isihloko elizibekela "Ubaba kweSoviet futhi athomu Russian."

Kusukela ngo-1920, yena - ilungu Academy of Sciences.

Phakathi kwenkonzo yakhe ende Joffe esitatimendeni uye zihlotshaniswa Petrograd iKomiti Industry, Association of Physicists, agrophysical Institute ososayensi ikhaya Petersburg, elabhorethri Semiconductor.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II lapho walibangisa ikhomishana ubuchwepheshe ezempi kanye ne-engineering.

Ngo-1942 usosayensi laboratory akwazile ukuvulwa, lapho afundela khona ukusabela zenuzi. Laliqhele e Kazan. Igama layo esemthethweni - "Laboratory №2 USSR Academy of Sciences."

Ubani ubizwa ngokuthi "uyise wabo physics namaSoviet" kaningi, ngakho-ke Ioffe!

Akukona abe Uprofesa Okthoba 14, 1960 Petersburg.

Kukhunjulwa omkhulu usosayensi busts, izikhumbuzo, zingcwecwe esiyisikhumbuzo ziyabonakala. Igama lakhe kunikezwa iplanethi, emgwaqweni, sikwele, esikoleni e Romney lwakubo.

A wentaba on enyangeni - izinsiza

Ubani ubizwa ngokuthi "uyise wabo physics namaSoviet", ngoba lokhu ingenye usosayensi oluvelele - leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. Wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 22, 1879 Mogilev i umndeni udokotela bokusungula, edlala nopiyano.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, le leonid abasha badonsekela isayensi, ayekuthanda ukufunda. Wafunda esikoleni Odessa futhi Strasbourg.

Ubani ubizwa ngokuthi "uyise wabo physics namaSoviet"? Umuntu benza konke okusemandleni kule isayensi.

Mandel'shtam waqala umsebenzi wesayensi eMoscow State University kusukela ngo-1925. Ngenxa yemizamo lososayensi, inyuvesi esebuyela emsebenzini ka amandla ngokomzimba futhi zezibalo kanye ngokomzimba.

Umsebenzi edume kunazo Mandel'shtam kwaba ekutadisheni kusakazeka ukukhanya. Ukuze imisebenzi efana usosayensi Indian Raman Chandrasekhar bathola uMklomelo KaNobel. Nakuba uthé ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi kwaba se-physics Soviet, kwavela lesi simo cishe ngasekuqaleni kwesonto.

Akukona ube usosayensi ngo-1944 eMoscow.

Imemori ye-Mandel'shtam immortalized busts, nezikhumbuzo.

Yokudumisa usosayensi okuthiwa emgodini ohlangothini emuva kwenyanga.

Umbhali yencwadi, okuyinto kwakhula kuka kwesinye isizukulwane

Landsberg Gregory Samuilovich - lowo obizwa ngokuthi "uyise wabo physics waseSoviet." Wazalwa ngo-1890 e Vologda.

Ngo-1908 wathola iziqu nge-honours esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-Nizhny Novgorod.

Ngo-1913 wathola iziqu Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Waqala inkambo yakhe nge efundisa ngalesi inyuvesi.

Wabuye wasebenza Omsk Agricultural, eMoscow Physical-Technical futhi Technical Institute.

Ngo-1923, waba uprofesa.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko - ekutadisheni yokukhanya namandla spectroscopy. Ngithole indlela ukuhlaziywa Spectral ezihlukahlukene izinsimbi kanye Alloys, okuyiwona ngo-1941 waklonyeliswa uMklomelo State.

Yena - umsunguli we-Institute of spectroscopy wase-USSR Academy of Sciences kanye School of the-athomu ukuhlaziywa Spectral.

Izingane zesikole Gregory Samuilovich ukukhunjulwa njengombulali nombhali "aphansi physics ebhukwinitifundvo," okuyinto ngasinda reprinting ngokuphindaphindiwe iminyaka eminingi ayebhekwa engcono.

Akukona ube usosayensi eMoscow ngo-1957.

Winner ngo-1978 uMklomelo KaNobel physics

UPyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa wazalwa Juni 26, 1894 ku Kronstadt emkhayeni unjiniyela ezempi kanye Umdabuli. Kronstadt ngemva kokuqeda esikoleni, wangena Petersburg Polytechnic University e-Faculty of Electromechanics. Umqondisi lokuqala yesayensi usosayensi esizayo baba Abrama Fedorovich Ioffe.

Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Kapitsa kwaba enkundleni lwempi njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela - wasebenza njengoba yezokwelapha imoto umshayeli.

Ngemva demobilization waqala ukusebenza ngo-X-ray kanye radiology Institute, okhiphe umsebenzi wokuqala njengoba isisebenzi.

Ngo-1921 waya baqeqeshwa ngo-UK, e-Cambridge, lapho umphathi wakhe walo wayenguNkulunkulu ngokwakhe Ernest 'uRutherford.

Lodumo isazi alethwe ucwaningo lakhe Amasimu eziqinile kagesi. Ngo-1922, Peter Leonidovich zobudokotela. Ngo-1929, Kapitza waba ilungu iRoyal Society of London. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhethwa engekho e-USSR.

Ngo-1930, i-laboratory siqu Kapitza lakhiwa.

Usosayensi akalukhohlwanga ezweni lenkaba yabo futhi ngokuvamile seza nonina kanye nezinye izihlobo.

Ngo-1934, kwaba ukuvakashelwa njalo. Kodwa waphindela eNgilandi Kapitsa hhayi kudedelwa, omema usizo yayo izitha angaphandle.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-physics, wamiswa Umqondisi we-Institute of Izinkinga Physical. Ngo-1935, wathuthela eMoscow futhi kwaba anawo imoto ngasese. It cishe ngaso leso sikhathi yaqala ukwakhiwa elabhorethri, efana ngesiNgisi. Imali ye-project kwaba cishe angenamkhawulo. Kodwa usosayensi seyibhalisile ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi izimo kude wawungaphansi ngesiNgisi.

Ngo-1940 ekuseni, umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu Kapitza yayihloselwe ukuthola umoya-mpilo ketshezi.

Ngo-1945 waba nengxenye eSoviet-athomu ibhomu phrojekthi.

Ngo-1955 yena wayengemuva ithimba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-satellite lokuqala yokufakelwa kule planethi yethu.

umsebenzi elikhanyayo

Ukuze umsebenzi "plasma bese elawulwa iArmagedoni ukuphendula" ngo-1978, academician bathola uMklomelo KaNobel.

UPyotr Leonidovich iyona Umamukeli imiklomelo eminingi futhi imiklomelo. Ligalelo isayensi kubaluleke kakhulu ngempela.

Akukona abe isazi esidumile ngo-1984.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi ababizwa ngokuthi "obaba physics waseSoviet."