Hoplites ngesiGreki: zempi, isithombe. Bobani hoplites YesiGreki?

Ngo Sparta lasendulo abakhwele amahhashi kwakukuncane kakhulu, kusukela izakhamizi kubhekwe lolu hlobo amabutho yomuntu ehlukile. Amandla main babe elihamba (hoplites). ukwakhiwa kwezikhali yabo yayihlanganisa isihlangu esindayo, nenkemba nesijula eside.

hoplites ngesiGreki, Ubani lo?

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi umlando zezwe lasendulo cishe ngokuphelele sakhiwa zinqobe futhi izimpi ezinonya. State ngamunye kufanele sizame ukuba yabo kahle empini, Greece kwaba okufanayo. Kwenqwaba amabutho aso ayengumlilo hoplites - nemigundatshani ayehlome eyizingovolo. Baqale uvele ibutho Sparta lasendulo. hoplites ngesiGreki, eqinisweni, is a soldier-izakhamuzi futhi ukukhonza edolobheni-isimo, okuyinto owakhiwe.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuya empini kwaba ngumsebenzi yawo wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, iyiphi imibuthano isakhamuzi nakanjani yaphenduka ukuhlangana noma kakade wakhonza Veterans yabo, noma ngisho isevisi ngaleso amasosha isikhathi. It kuvela ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi inqubomgomo khulula, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baba hoplites.

Mangisho ukuthi elihamba ayehlome eyizingovolo, kusukela ekhulwini VII, futhi phezu Emakhulwini amane eminyaka alandela, wabusa empini. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi uyise Aleksandra Makedonskogo, iNkosi uPhilip II, le hoplites zaba sisekelo we ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu zakudala.

EGrisi lasendulo, elihamba lahlukaniswa laba amayunithi eziningana wezindlela. Izifo eziwumshayabhuqe lalilikhulu ke fuckers owavele, zahlukaniswa ezincane. Chiefs, izinduna morami, ngokuthi polemarch futhi amaswidi - izinduna.

izikhali

hoplites ngesiGreki Njalo nje wayehamba ephethe izihlangu Argive noma Aspis. Sinenkosi round ukuma futhi kuhlaziywe ezingaphezu kuka 8 kg. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ngesikhathi indiza lamasosha Into yokuqala e uphonsa amabhodi zabo ngenxa isisindo sabo ngokweqile, ngakho Aspis ukulahlekelwa sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi kuyihlazo iyiphi hoplite. Zazisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukumboza umzimba ngesikhathi mpi, kodwa futhi njengendlela uhlaka, lapho babekwa comrades kwalimala noma efile.

Izazi-mlando ngokuvamile ukuhlobanisa umsuka ibinzana adumile "abaphatha isihlangu noma kuso" nale ngubo ngesiGreki. Aspis avame lalinabashumayeli elimiswe ngohlaka lwezingodo ukuthi kwaba ngaphandle aqhephukile yensimbi nowethusi ishidi, kodwa ngaphakathi - embozwe lesikhumba. Wawunodonga izibambo ukhululekile, okuyinto idlula esandleni iqhawe. Isikhali oyinhloko hoplites babe Xiphos - oqondile esifushane noma mahayry - Curves izinkemba nge ejikeni reverse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, they nzonzobala kufanele ukugqoka futhi ksistony - imitha emithathu nengcula Simoni.

ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali

Ekuqaleni, uhulumeni akanandaba ukuphepha kwe-amasosha abo futhi izikhali ngisho waphasisa umthetho owawuthi zonke hoplite ngesiGreki (BC wangekhulu 5th. E.) Ingabe ubophekile ukuhlomisa ngezindleko zabo, nakuba umnyuziki izindleko iyunifomu ezibizayo (mayelana zesiliva ezingu-30). Le mali ifaniswa nezimbewu Iholo ngenyanga yomsebenzi wezandla. Ngokuvamile ngakho izikhali ezibizayo ngofuzo.

By the way, ukukhiqizwa yayo Greece lasendulo zachuma ikakhulukazi inqubomgomo, kodwa ezindaweni ezincane zasemaphandleni, it is amazwe esuka kwezinye izindawo. Ngesikhathi Pericles e-Athens-ke wasebenza workshop kahle esikhulu, lapho wahlanganyela yokukhiqiza amabhodi. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa ukukhiqizwa emikhulu eGrisi lasendulo. Isebenzisa izigqila mayelana 120 kanye nenombolo ngokwanele enkulu izakhamuzi khulula.

hoplite ngesiGreki Zempi

Ekuqaleni, amasosha egqoka emakhanda abo nezigqoko Illyrian, noma i-bowling. Babedalelwene zethusi ehlotshiswe Crest of behhashi. Zazisetshenziswa kusukela VII ukuze VI. BC. e., baze kwathathelwa indawo laseKorinte. nezigqoko Elisha babengamaJuda zivalekile futhi kwadingeka izimbobo kuphela amehlo nomlomo. Ngaphandle lwempi ngokuvamile basuke elivulela ngemuva ekhanda. Kamuva, kwakukhona nangesigqoko chalcidian ukuthi namanje wangasho nezindlebe. Ngo II. BC. e. ethandwa kakhulu kukhona kwakunenqaba yabaseThrace - ne yokhalo sincane, kwahambisana by naschechnikami sculpted futhi visor.

iqhawe esifubeni nangemuva evikelwe Isivikelo yokwakheka - gippotoraks. Ngokuvamile, yena enesisindo esingaba 1 ithalente (mayelana 34 kg), kodwa ezinye amasosha imvunulo kanye kabili njengoba esindayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi gippotoraks kancane kancane waqala esikhundleni inketho lula kakhulu - a zempi nelineni, ngokuthi linothorax.

Abangu evikelwe kanye nezinye izitho zomzimba. Ngakho, hoplites ngesiGreki ababezigqokile Greaves - knimidami futhi bracers yasetshenziswa kuze kube maphakathi V e. BC. e. Ubufakazi leli qiniso kukhona bemivubukulo eziningi azithola wathola ososayensi ku le Peloponnesian nhlonhlo. amphoras Abaningi nezinye izinto zasekhaya ngokuvamile vsrechalis isithombe lapho ngesiGreki Hoplite (isithombe insalela isikepe eboniswe ngezansi) elwa ne izingalo ngomunye isitha.

Ukuguqulwa ebuthweni

I VII-V e. BC. e. kwezinguquko zempi silinganiso Hoplite owawuse. Cishe, izinyathelo ezinjalo ziye zithathwe ukuze ulondoloze ukuphila kwamasosha, njengoba ibutho Spartan ngaleso sikhathi lalinabashumayeli esiwumshayabhuqe 8 kuphela, futhi umane nje izinkulungwane 4. Amasosha.

Nokho, kusukela maphakathi V e. BC. e. amasosha ngesiGreki ngubo ukuthi lula: nelineni zempi waqala ukuphoqelela sesifuba yokwakheka. Cishe wanyamalala ngokuphelele futhi bracers. Isizathu kwaba ushintsho ukwakhiwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Sekuvele ayazika futhi ijulile, futhi nenombolo lamabutho amayunithi liye laphindeka kabili. Kuphela isibalo amabutho Spartan ayizange ithuthuke - 144 iqhawe ngamunye. Ngenxa yezinguquko isakhiwo ukugawulwa iziteleka kancane njalo, ngakho ngokubulawa amabutho kungukuthi ngaphansi ubungozi elinqunywe. Manje ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa Ukubhoboza izikhali, ngakho umkhonto yinde kusuka 3 kuya ku-6 wamamitha ubude. Ngakho hoplites yamaGreki aqala ukuba iphenduke sarissoforov - nemigundatshani, kwakheka isisekelo we phalanges.

amasiko

Ngokuvamile, i-iSparta abangu nokuhamba Inyanga egcwele, kanti ngaphambi kwalokho umbusi wabo njalo enikela ngomhlatshelo ukuze inhlanhla yabo. Ibutho uye njalo sasiphatha umlilo othathwe Sparta, okwakudingeka ukuba ugqugquzela imililo manje imasha umhlatshelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i sithombe sathathwa nge wayigona Dioscuri. Bona samuntu inyunyana anobuhlobo kwamalungu-e-izingalo futhi babe ekahle amaqhawe Spartan.

ekamu lamabutho ngesiGreki cishe njalo umumo isiyingi futhi kahle vika yi helots. Mangisho ukuthi phakathi imikhankaso ye-iSparta babegqoke smartly kakhulu. Esikhundleni ingubo evamile sendwangu indawo Ayefaka izingubo onsomi, kodwa kunalokho amapaki - kukhanye izikhali Kukhanseliwe. Ingena impi, amasosha egqoka amagoda ezimbali, efana ukuzilungisa for a holiday.

Isakhiwo ibutho

Amabutho kwakungamadodana hoplites Greek hhayi kuphela. Ngobani peltasts futhi slingers, ababesiza iSparta empini, uzofunda ku. Njengoba amaGreki ayembheka abakhwele amahhashi yalutho, amahhashi avame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ukuthuthwa amaqhawe abacebile empini. Ngakho-ke, ngalezo zinsuku, ngaphezu elihamba esindayo (hoplites) kwakuseneziyaluyalu nobumnene, ehlanganisa kubantu abampofu nezigqila. Lesi sakamuva, naphezu khona kwakhe oyisicashalala babe abantu okunokwethenjelwa ngokwanele, abaqotho abanikazi bazo.

hoplite ngamunye ngempela waba yisigqila nguye owamsiza ukuba agqoke izinto. Ngo ukulwa izigqila kwakumelwe slingers igqoke nge Isikhwama sendwangu nge eziningana kweshumi ubumba noma itshe nuclei ububanzi 40 cm. Futhi bona nebhande iluphu ekhethekile unikezwa ukuqina. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-isihlilingi. ngobuchwepheshe wayo whirled phezu kwekhanda lakhe, futhi bese uyayekela. Umnyombo wakhumula ngejubane usunificile isitha, kubabulali balimale kanzima ezingxenyeni evulekile zomzimba.

throwers

Peltasts ngokuthi elihamba ukukhanya behlome ngemibese javelins. Bakhandwa ukubuthwa inombolo ibuthwe kubantu abampofu, ababengakholelwa nethuba ukuthola izikhali zempi hoplite. Kwenzeka ukuthi ezinye zazo wathenga ngubo for komuzi ngasemthonjeni.

Peltasts waphonsa izikhali zabo ibanga-15 m. Kwakungadingeki supply elikhulu imicibisholo, njengoba isikhathi ukusizakala ezimbalwa kuphela esikhathini esifushane kuze isitha wayeza eduze. Mangisho ukuthi nomcibisholo isikhali kwaba eziyingozi kakhulu ngaphezu umcibisholo, njengoba engene isihlangu isitha, wanamathela kuwo, okwenza kube prodelyvat nzima noma iyiphi zokukhwabanisa zokuzivikela.

Imfanelo Physical futhi ukuqeqeshwa

Njengoba kwaziwa kahle le hoplites Greek - athathwe ukuthi ayengayisebenzisa zigcine ukuhleleka phakathi kwale nhlangano, futhi ngisho amakhono karate wayengeyena mbuzo. Yiqiniso, kuthathwa ngokuthi izakhamuzi khulula babehilelekile ezinye uhlobo nokuvivinya umzimba, kodwa njalo ukusebenza ekuthuthukiseni umzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi sifikile kweminyaka usukhule kakhudlwana, ngisho abalimi babengenawo amathuba noma amandla.

Enye into the iSparta. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngamunye wabo ziyofundela ubuciko nempi. Babazi ukuthi ukulwa, futhi kufanele uyaziqhenya ngakho. hoplites Spartan hhayi kuphela owayazi ukuthi kahle ubambe line, ukuthi yini eyabasiza flutists kodwa futhi ngokuphumelelayo kwaholela empini eduze. Kwakumelwe cishe amabutho engcono kakhulu ezweni lasendulo.

300 iSparta

Singasho ngokuqiniseka futhi ukuthi indima esemqoka ukuvikela imizi yabo kusukela amabutho esitha ngenkathi idlala ke Hoplite ngesiGreki. 480 BC. e. - isikhathi lapho inkosi enkulu yasePheresiya, ibutho Ahashiveroshi sawela strait kanye lihlasela yomunye. Greece waphoqeleka ukuba azivikele. ibutho laso azihlanganisa lalinabashumayeli amayunithi hoplites wathumela kusukela emadolobheni nanye, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Sparta. Ukuze avimbele kusengaphambili okunye isitha phakathi nezwe, amaGreki wazama ukuvimba ndima emincane Thermopylae. Kwaphela izinsuku ezimbili bakwazi ukushaya amabutho asePheresiya, kodwa ukukhashelwa omunye izakhamuzi zendawo, owachitha amabutho esitha ukuba dlula abavikeli, akazange anikeze noma iluphi ithuba lokuwina. Lonke ibutho lesiGreki ancipha, ngaphandle iSparta angamakhulu amathathu kanye namanye amaqembu amabili - i Thebans futhi Thespians, okuyinto Nokho, isivinini nayo wanqotshwa yisitha.

ISparta wayazi babengeke ukunqoba impi, kodwa awuzange ungivumele ukuba ahoxe umthetho nodumo. Lapha, khona Thermopylae, leli thimba lalimelela izwe labo - Opuntskuyu Locris futhi Boeotia, lapho kwadingeka adlule ibutho wasePheresiya. hoplites Abanesibindi akazange ashona phansi futhi wafa, nokuba impi ukungalingani.

Isikhathi nakanjani siphela phambili, kodwa umlando namanje walondoloza nobufakazi obungenakuphikiswa we khona komuzi mahhala Sparta namajoni wakhe abanesibindi sivikele izwe labo ezitheni. ubuqhawe yabo basalutusa namanje abantu abaningi, kanye nabaqondisi bodumo ukudubula amafilimu ngazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke esitolo lapho kukhona umnyango isikhumbuzo, Ngiyaqiniseka kukhona okungenani isibalo sasivumela ongokoqobo hoplite YesiGreki ngubo amahle kokuvamile.