Reactance - kuyini?

Man Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa izidingo zabo kagesi, zamakhemikhali amandla enuzi. Ngencazelo lobuchwepheshe ngamunye wabo kukhona iqoqo imiqondo ezivumela elichaza essence yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, izici ezifana amandla, ukuqina, ukuminyana, et al., Kabanzi isicelo ezifundweni hhayi kuphela kagesi, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo ezaziwayo amandla. Omunye umqondo onjalo jikelele sisetshenziswa kabanzi, igama elithi "ukuzabalaza" ugesi. Kwezinye izindawo, kukhona analogue - ukumuncwa, bahlakazwa kwangasala, reflection, njll "Ukumelana" - okungukuthi, eqinisweni, yilokho sici ukulahlekelwa amandla emkhakheni. Injongo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe itholakala iqiniso ukuthi liyini imbangela ukumelana.

Ukumelana ngesimiso somshini has a imvelo ezimbili - yithi, ukumelana naso futhi kwenze reactance. Ukuze ukumelana kagesi of umqhubi iyona isici esiyinhloko kanye ukumelana okubangelwa ukuhamba abathwali umqhubi impahla. Izizathu zalokhu esiphikisayo kungaba ezahlukene, echaza igama layo ezahlukene. Ukumelana ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana ngokuguqula eyodwa uhlobo amandla kwenye ngokunciphisa umthombo oyinhloko wamandla. Ngoba uma kagesi ugesi izindlela, lokhu kushintsha energy conversion force electromotive ezishisayo, la mandla kazibuthe noma amandla kagesi.

Ngokomlando, ukumelana biography kuqala kwakungumprofethi cwaningo yokumelana, okuyinto ngenxa ukuguquka umqhubi umthombo Ukushisa amandla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi le amacala (ama-electron futhi) ngaphansi kwethonya emkhakheni EMF umthombo uhambe phezu a guidewire, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, "ukusunduza" zinhlayiya noma molecule ndaba. Ngakho, exchange mutual yokudlulisa amandla kuholela ekwandeni kwezinga lokushisa ka umqhubi, isb kukhona ukuguquka amandla kagesi ku energy ezishisayo. Uma umthombo amandla electromotive ayishintshi isiqondiso salo nokubaluleka U, I zamanje esifundeni esibizwa ngokuthi i-njalo, futhi R ukumelana lesi sifunda ibalwa kusukela umthetho Ohm sika: R = U / I.

Ukumelana DC wesifunda kungaba asebenzayo. Reactance "izenze wazizwa" kuphela izifunda AC, aqukethe ucace kakhulu inductance (ikhoyili) noma capacitance (capacitor). Empeleni, noma yimuphi umqhubi anezinye inductance kanye capacitance, kodwa ngokuvamile zingabantu azinakwa ukuze azinakwa. I inductance kanye capacitance lapho egeleza kwalo amacala kagesi iguqulwe amandla abo kazibuthe kwekhoyili noma emkhakheni kagesi we Kwe-dielectric Heating. Amandla agcinwe ngaleyo ndlela, ngo-ushintsho uphawu umthombo EMF, ebuyiselwa ngesimo kinetic namandla amacala, kungakho igama layo liyi - "reactance".

Inductance e AC wesifunda "umelana" ukugeleza wamanje ngokusebenzisa mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa: ushintsho lwamanje eyenziwe ushintsho umthombo EMF kubangela ushintsho emkhakheni kagesi ukuze ezama nokugcina samanje wesifunda ngenxa amandla agcinwe we kazibuthe. Linganisa amandla agcinwe yisikali sokuthi uJehova wesifunda inductance, okuyinto incike imvamisa f AC. I reactance we inductor kunqunywa ifomula elandelayo:

XL = 2 * π * f * L.

A capacitor i wesifunda AC aqoqana le amandla yasendle kagesi by icala Kwe-dielectric Heating. Uma uguqula ubukhulu kanye / noma isiqondiso umthombo EMF voltage yonkana capacitor amapuleti osekelwa ukushaqeka falling, lapho isikhathi eside, aba maningi capacitance C capacitor.

I esisheshayo impedance we capacitor, futhi imvamisa engaphansi, enikezwa:

Xc = 1 / (2 * π * f * C).

Kule nkulumo kuyacaca ukuthi ukwanda nobuningi kanye / noma capacitance impedance liyancipha. Ngakho, i-AC wesifunda, lapho kukhona Resistor, i inductor futhi capacitor, kubalulekile ukuchaza ezithile ukumelana inani reactance. Ngokuvamile, ifomula kuhlaziywa impedance has "pifagorovsky ukunambitheka":

Zv2 = Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2

* Qaphela: Esikhathini «v» kufanele ufunde «Z yisikwele", njll

Futhi ifomula ekugcineni impedance simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

Z = √ (squarte) Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2.