Uyini ububanzi kwezinhlobo eziphilayo: definition. Isakhiwo ezahlukene kwezinhlobo

Abamele iyiphi taxon abakuzalayo kungenza axazulule kuphela endaweni ethile yomhlaba noma olwandle. Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi uhla zilwane, uhlobo lwe, umndeni noma iyiphi eziphilayo.

Kuyini ekupha zinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. definition

Le ndawo ethize kuleli zwekazi, noma izilwandle emhlabeni, okuyinto isikhathi eside uhlalwe imiphakathi uhlobo oluthile. Isayensi ukuthi etadisha izindawo ngokuthi arealogiya. It libhekisela biogeologii hlu ngoba Kuhlanganisa kokubili amaqembu taxonomic eziphilayo yazo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umqondo uchaza kuphela izinhlobo, abacwaningi nazo ukuhlola ndawo insimu ka namanye amaqembu taxonomic ezifana izizukulwane, imikhaya noma zenyathi. Kulezi taxa indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu zenyathi ububanzi ngoba bakwazi ukunikeza isithombe esicacile ukuvela izenzakalo endaweni. Ngakho-ke, uhla kwezinhlobo yisikali yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini nomqondo indawo endaweni?

Indawo - iphuzu kumephu, esathola abameleli oluthile lwento ephilayo. Ukuqinisekiswa iphuzu entsha uhlale evulekile herbarium isitshalo, lapho usayine isiqondiso eqondile sokukhula. izilwane Indawo ngokuvamile ukuchaza, ngemva kwalokho amaphuzu abekwa kumephu kwezinhlobo isukela futhi wafundelwa.

Uyini ububanzi kwezinhlobo? Lokhu empeleni iqoqo lezindawo okufanayo zinhlobo / zenyathi ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Kungakhathaliseki lezi zindawo aseduze noma cha. Kunoma ikuphi, babonisa isithombe jikelele ukusabalala eziphilayo.

3 zinhlobo isukela amabalazwe

Kuye ngokuthi lakhiwe kanjani ngokunembile kudingeka uchaze ububanzi kwezinhlobo, usebenzisa ezintathu izinhlobo zamakhadi:

1. Spot kumephu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kusetshenziswe ngendlela amachashazi ezincane indawo imiphakathi yamazwe zilwane.

2. ibalazwe Dot-nentaba. Iphinde isicelo uhlobo eziyisisekelo kwendawo, kodwa ngaphezu ezungeza lesi amaphuzu kakhulu kumephu. Ngenxa yalokho, sibona endaweni ngaphakathi okuyinto izindawo zaveza yokusabalalisa zezitshalo nezilwane.

3. Contour-kunodeshi ikhadi. Leli khadi iyona olunembile okungenani. It libhekene endaweni ethize, okuyinto zaveza ngokuphelele phezu shtrishkami.

Yilokho uhla kwezinhlobo nokuthi kungenziwa wethulwa.

izinhlobo izindawo

Kuye ngokuthi lakhiwe kanjani endaweni isendaweni umhlaba noma ulwandle, kungaba esikhulu noma esincane, emincane noma ububanzi, okuqhubekayo noma discontinuous. Ngasinye salezi zici zingahlanganiswa nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni enkulu iqhude kanye ngakanye, futhi yikhangaru - encane, ewumngcingo, kodwa eliqinile.

amabanga Solid zihlukaniswe subtypes. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:

1. zoster. Lolu hlobo kwendawo kuyinto ejwayelekile iningi lemikhaya futhi izizukulwane. Welulela kanye latitude, bonke ubude ezweni futhi ngokuvamile uthatha ibanga ehloniphekile.

2. izindawo Okusaqanda, kunalokho, enwetshiwe eduze Meridian. Lolu hlobo lwe-ibhande njalo imvelo elinganiselwe. endaweni Okusaqanda babe izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, futhi ezinye izizukulwane / imindeni.

3. Circumpolar. ezindaweni ezinjalo encompass esishintshashintshayo polar.

4. ekhazimulayo noma insephe, - izindawo ukuma okungajwayelekile, kanye sebuningini convolutions, amagatsha futhi ukushayisana kumephu.

Futhi, izindawo ngakanye zihlukaniswe subtypes:

1. Disjunctive (zidabukile) amabanga. Lolu hlobo libhekene ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu idatha elilodwa futhi zohlobo olulodwa, okuyinto zitholakala ngandawonye. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye izingxenye ndawo ingase ibe e-Europe, futhi enye - eMelika.

2. Khomba izindawo. engavamile wabo ukuthi alethe ndawonye inqwaba ezindaweni ezincane kwalesi silwane yonkana indawo umhlaba noma ulwandle.

3. Belt izindawo. Zimelela endaweni okuqhubekayo, okwakubekelwa ezingwadule, ezihosheni, ukhuphuka amagquma zidabukile.

Isakhiwo ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo. kufanele imingcele endaweni kanjani?

Kuyini ekupha zinhlobo futhi imingcele yayo? Isakhiwo ezahlukene kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Kuye ithonya labo kumephu ukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene umngcele ensimini olwenzeka endaweni uhlobo. Kungaziphi izizathu kwakhiwa indawo esemngceleni? Kungani awayona okuqinile hhayi bandlale phezu yonke insimu umhlaba?

1. umngcele sezulu. Okunjalo izici abiotic njengoba ukugeleza ukukhanya, umswakama, usawoti, umhlabathi Ukwakheka, kungathinta kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa zinhlobo. Ezinye izinto eziphilayo zingazivumelanisa Esimweni esinjalo lapho abanye avele afe.

2. umngcele esingaweleki. imingcele enjalo akhiwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi labantu uhlobo oluthile unganqoba noma yisiphi isithiyo. Kungenzeka ezintabeni, asemaqeleni, emathafeni, izingwadule, imizimba omkhulu wamanzi, njll Kufakwe ezakhiwe abantu.

3. biotic umngcele. Inkinga kwezilwane mncintiswano futhi izitshalo emhlabeni uye njalo wema ongaphambili. Umzimba abakwazi ukuphila lizalele endaweni lapho kukhona nezitha ezingaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ukugwema ezinye, kanjalo zakha umngcele phakathi amabanga abamele amaqembu amabili.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ukwakha indawo

Iyini indawo yezinto eziphilayo, manje kucace, owawubumba kangaki? Yiziphi izici eziwumthelela lokhu?

I sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu - yikhono zezitshalo nezilwane ezitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezilungele zavela. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphuphu abakwazi ukuphila ku-North Pole, kodwa ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa nezinye izindawo ezihlanza eziningi. Konke kuncike amplitude of isici kwemvelo, kanye nekhono ukusakaza. Ngakho, sibonga kwamaphiko izinambuzane kahle cishe wonke amagumbi planethi, kuyilapho endaweni okusasibungu lincane kakhulu.

zezemvelo zamanje yilezi isici sesibili. Ziyanda ukuphila eziphilayo kuthinte ezibangelwe umuntu. Umuntu kungasiza bese ugcine zilwane, zonakalise nemvelo, ukuba alibhubhise, ukudweba antulayo izinkuni, imikhando, ezimbiwa phansi zokubasa.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana zemvelo, okuyinto nalo lingaba nomthelela noma, kunalokho, ukuze izinkinga ukuthuthukiswa uhlobo oluthile. Weathering, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, iziphepho, izivunguvungu - konke lokhu kuthinta izimpilo eziphilayo, futhi ngokufanelekile, ukuzisabalalisa.

Ekugcineni, esinye sezici kuyinto engu-iqembu taxonomic. Ngokwesibonelo, uma gymnosperms abangu esichumayo uMnyango umbuso isitshalo. Nokho, namuhla, i-ecosystem ubuswa angiosperms. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko inqubo kwemvelo eziphilayo futhi ngezinga elincane - ne izinqubo zemvelo okwenzeka esithile endaweni ezihlala kuyo. Yilokho uhla zilwane.