I-Bahrain: inhloko-dolobha. I-Bahrain kumephu yomhlaba. Isizwe esincane kunabo bonke base-Arab

Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Bahrain yasungulwa ngo Gulf engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Izwe yakhiwa iziqhingi 33 zihlala abantu zazo 5 kuphela endaweni Bahrain of 578 square metres kubo. km, Citra - 9.5 Muharraq - 14 Khavra - 41, Um Naasan - 19 amakhilomitha square. Zonke zitholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga maqondana Saudi Arabia. Inani endaweni State of Bahrain, lapho inhloko-dolobha - emzini Manama, cishe 695 amakhilomitha square. I bakuleli zwe ngokuvumelana 2012 - okwaba ngaphezu kokuphindwa 1 bhiliyoni 200 ayizinkulungwane. I kwabantu labantu kwaba abantu 2,000 square kilometre. Iphuzu esiphezulu iyona Bahrain Jabal Dukan - entabeni kokuba ukuphakama 134 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ulimi olusemthethweni - Arabhu, inkolo - Islam. Bahrain lwemali - dinar. I iholide eyinhloko yezwe ubhekwa ngoSuku National, kugujwa minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-1971, ngoDisemba 16. Bahrain liculo National ibizwa ngokuthi "Isichotho Amir!"

Bahrain Flag kufanekisa nokubaluleka

Maka State of Bahrain siqukethe indwangu umbala obomvu, okuyinto umugqa omhlophe mpo emaphethelweni ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Ngezinye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imibala emibili aboncantathu ezinhlanu, ukwakha umugqa amazombe. Ziyakwazi izimpawu zezinsika Islam. Kucatshangwa abomvu - samuntu Khawarij ihlelo. Nothayi banamuhla ifulegi yokutholwa ngo-2002, ngoFebhuwari 14. Kwathi emveni kokuba njalo ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba umbusi Bahrain emir yayo yezwe. Ukuthola uzibuse isimo atholwe emva ukudamba zempi yakhe British ngo-1971. Flag of Bahrain waba nobuqili ukudalwa imithetho eminingi. Ngokusho komunye wabo, uphawu isimo kungenzeka ingasetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela (isibonelo, afakwe ezokuthutha), ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa okungokomthetho kombuso. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ifulege futhi izizathu zentengiso.

Umuzi omkhulu Bahrain

Bambalwa abantu abazi muzi ngokuthi Manama. Inhloko-dolobha ye kuliphi izwe leli dolobha? Itholakala esiqhingini Arabian Sea, oyingxenye ePersian Gulf. Kuyinto inhloko-dolobha Bahrain. Umuzi eyakhelwe i-Al-Fateh Mosque, eyaziwa ngokuthi enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. It angazamukela abantu mayelana 7,000. Mosque Dome unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-60 futhi wenziwe olubunjiwe fibre ingilazi.

Kusezweni elomile nethafa welula Manama. Bahrain inesimo sezulu ehlanganisa izici ezisondelene nazo. Amazinga air enhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe zokhahlamba kusuka +17 ° C ngo-January kuya +38 ° C ngo-July. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngonyaka e Manama uwela mayelana 90 kwangu kwezulu. isikhathi Rainy emzini ihlala kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-February kukonke. Ezinye izindaba zika-nyaka e Manama nenkathi eyomile, uthuli iziphepho zenzeka. Ngezikhathi ezithile waphawula imvula March, April, Novemba, isimo Bahrain. Inhlokodolobha ingenye ezifundazweni ezinhlanu.

Inkolo izakhamuzi inhlokodolobha

Iningi labantu Manama (kuka 80%) lingamaSulumane. Manama - inhloko-dolobha isimo, lapho cishe ingxenye amaSulumane ukholo Shiite, elinye - the Sunni. Futhi phakathi labantu edolobheni kukhona amaJuda, amaKristu, amaHindu, amaBuddha futhi abalandeli namaZoroaster. Ukuze bayingcosana Sunnis kukhona Royals.

Bahrain Imvelo

Bahrain Island, isithombe ehambisana isihloko, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke kulo lonke isimo. It has a ubude amakhilomitha 15 kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga-50 ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. isikhungo siqhingi itholakala ongaphakeme, ezakhiwe nge-limestone Amathafa. Kwezinye izindawo kuba ezinye izintaba zakhe okuthiwa, kokuba ukuphakama ngamamitha 100 kuya 130 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. The esiphezulu wabo - Jebel Dukan. Ugu siqukethe isiqeshana olunesihlabathi. Ngezinye izikhathi kuphazamisekile kwezinye izindawo ukufinyelela kobuso Bedrock. Along olusenyakatho ulayini Bahrain ibekwe ezihlala ezixhotsheni zamakhorali, iziqhingi kwako a surface flat, avuke kuphela amamitha ambalwa ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile isiqhingi

On iziza ezinkulu ngazinye yezwe ebusweni fresh komhlaba kweminyango amanzi. Uyagijima phansi emadwaleni overlain enalokho kuthambekela bebheke ePersian Gulf. Le ndawo itholakala ngasogwini, futhi ukushaya angenasawoti okhiye. Yiwo okuthiwa iphayiphi ukusetshenziswa kungenzeka kulo mkhakha.

Bahrain sezulu

isimo Arab Bahrain yomile sezulu esishisayo ubusika kuqhathaniswa cool ehlobo ezinomswakama. Ngo-January, nezinga lokushisa emhlabeni +16 ° C ngo-July-August + 37 ° C. Isiqhingi Bahrain ngezikhathi uhlushwa isomiso nothuli iziphepho. Imifula angekho, ubuswa ehlane namathafa. Inzika e ezomhlaba isimo 90 mm. Njalo ngonyaka, ehlane endaweni iyakhula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa nokucekelwa phansi emazweni lapho okwenziwa. On endaweni ehlane sikhule izitshalo nesomiso nemithi, ezifana sekamela ameva, saxaul, Astragalus, Salsola, Artemisia, komthamariske (komthamariske) nabanye. Ezinye esishintshashintshayo zaziwa eyayenziwe wadala izikhala gum ngomuthi. Kulezo zindawo lapho ebusweni phansi emanzini, ibekwe ezivundile nge amasundu.

Fauna Bahrain

Bahrain - ezweni lapho nezilwane kuyinto mpofu ngempela ngokwezinto. It ubuswa ezihuquzelayo, namagundane nezinyoni. Ukuze ukubuyisela imiphakathi nensephe Arabian, bovids umndeni mammalian (Oryx netiyela) Reserve El Areyn yasungulwa ngo 1976. Njengoba lezi zinhlanzi, emanzini asogwini of Bahrain isiqhingi, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-400 zinhlobo, kuhlanganise nokudoba. Okuvame kakhulu ulwandle ufudu. Ubuningi nezimfanzi, crab, lobster, clams (bahlanganisa pearl) kungatholakala izixhobo kumiswa coral ezithinta ukwehluka - zazo zikhona mayelana 2,000 zilwane.

Inani labantu base-State of Bahrain

Ngo-2012, e Bahrain kwakukhona ezingaphezu kuka 1.248.000. Kulawa, phezu 235.000 akuzona izakhamuzi isimo. Lokhu izisebenzi ezivela ngaphandle ngokuthi namalungu emikhaya yabo owafika ngo Bahrain ingxenye enkulu Iran. Isimo iyikhaya abomdabu eziningi amazwe aseNingizimu-Asia naseYurophu. I Bahrain olusemthethweni Arabhu. Ngaphandle kwakhe, labantu futhi okhuluma isiNgisi, isi-Urdu kanye isiFarsi. Cishe 89% labantu bahlala emizini Bahrain.

Bahrain polity Gulf amazwe

uhlelo sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe kuyinto emirate zenani elikhulu eziyifa, noma lapho sebebuswa inkosi eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Owaphatha kusukela ngo-1783 Al Halifa lwamakhosi. Shona nohulumeni ngesikhathi samanje - Sheikh Hamad bin Isa. Wathatha esihlalweni sobukhosi ngemva kokushona kukayise obusa Bahrain iminyaka engu-38, ngo-1999. Usuku ngempumelelo yomthethosisekelo isimo wamukelwa ngonyaka 2002, ngoFebhuwari 14. Ngo Bahrain, izinhlangano zezombusazwe uvinjelwe, kodwa ngokomthetho 2005 umphakathi. Ezweni usebenza ngokungemthetho Popular Front. Wayekhona umusa yelinyenti kanye zezombusazwe yabantu Bahrain. Futhi ngokumelene nokubuswa angaphandle isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli lizwe linazo obungekho emthethweni National Liberation Front, phakathi okuyizinto ikakhulukazi amaKhomanisi.

Isiqondiso main kwezomnotho zombuso

UMbuso Bahrain eyilungu eNhlangano yeziZwe, iNhlangano Arab States. Futhi, izwe eyilungu Organization lenkomfa Islamic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Bahrain iyona Inhlangano lamazwe Arab uwoyela-timbiwa. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ke has a lot of impumelelo kuleli zwe we Gulf. Uhlu iholwa umsebenzi wabo zokuhweba. Abalimi Kutshalwa Insimu isiziba of nezithelo aklaba izitshalo, imifino, izinkomo ezifuywa, izinkomo, izimbuzi, izimvu, izinkukhu. Futhi, inani labantu eMbusweni Bahrain pearl bese wakha imikhumbi owodwa masted. Zonke lezi zinhlobo imisebenzi injongo kwezomnotho bashiywa ngemuva kokutholakala ensimini State ngo-1932 nasekuqaleni kuka-ukuxhashazwa uwoyela imali yayo.

Amafutha umkhakha Bahrain State

Inani elikhulu uwoyela ekhishwe yabo kuleli ngokwezibalo zika 1970-1972. izinqolobane zalo kakhulu mpilo labo ekuqaleni kwawo-90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu lama-20. Isakhiwo esisha ngoba uwoyela wakhululwa maphakathi nawo-90s. EMpumalanga Ephakathi, kuba wesibili omkhulu kunayo yonke eyake ekusebenzeni. Izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi amazwe kawoyela ongahluziwe, okuyinto ezilethwa yi iphayiphi kusuka Saudi Arabia, esitholakala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukukhiqizwa futhi kwemifantu we oily oluvuthayo ketshezi odabuka yemvelo Bahrain inikeza angu-60% lwemali okwamukelwe okuvela ukuhweba zangaphandle, bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli isabelomali futhi mayelana 30% omkhiqizo.

Bahrain: Ezinye izimboni

Amafutha izinkambu mpilo e Bahrain ne eyishumi ngamunye ngaphezulu. Lokhu abe usongo olukhulu emnothweni. Bahrain futhi inkinga state Ukuwohloka angenasawoti imithombo, futhi kwemisebenzi (mayelana 15% yesizwe sonkana). A ingxenye enkulu GDP kuyinto amasevisi (cishe ngo-47%), umkhakha (side kunaleso 52%) kanye kuka-1% zaba ngezolimo. E Bahrain, zikhona cishe 660 000 nebantfu besive kwetisebenti. Lezi zihlanganisa ezinye izizwe.

Ngaphezu uwoyela, isimo has nenqwaba igesi yemvelo. Isetshenziselwa njengoba impahla eluhlaza embonini Petrochemical ukwenziwa propane kanye butane. Bahrain kumephu jikelele, khomba enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi ohlwini umphakeli elikhulu aluminium phakathi amazwe amaningana aseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Izinsalela fuel ivumela ukukhiqiza ugesi. Kungaphezu lemali sokudliwa sabantu simboziwe.

ezolimo

Hhayi ezingaphezu kuka-4% wendawo Bahrain kufanelekile ezolimo. Labantu likhula ezivundile ezisawolintshi izithelo, izinsuku, sasigaya upopo, amagilebhisi, pistachios, walnuts, okusanhlamvu kanye nemifino. Futhi e Bahrain, ezifuywa izinkomo, izimvu, nezimbongolo. imikhiqizo yemifino ukunikeza abakhileyo ezweni ngu-% 20 kuphela, ubisi - ngo-50%. Yonga usuku ekubambeni nezimfanzi nenhlanzi, ukukhiqizwa pearl.

ingqalasizinda

Ubude ingqikithi imigwaqo e Bahrain, eyenzelwe ukuhamba izimoto kuyinto 3851 km. Ngakho 3121 wabo - nge enamathela okuqinile. Isiqhingi Umm Naasan futhi Muharraq uxhumeke ku Bahrain esebenzisa kwamadamu. Ziyakwazi othelawayeka wahlela. Ngo-1996, kusetshenziswa onguthelawayeka zazixhunywe Saudi Arabia kanye Bahrain. Inhloko-dolobha yezwe, Manama, ine sezindiza emaphethelweni. Ungomunye ezine, itholakale ezweni. Futhi e Bahrain, kukhona lamachweba ezinkulu ezintathu. Ukuthenga isimo imikhumbi siqukethe imikhumbi esindayo eziyisishiyagalombili, ngamunye ephethe ukuhamba engaphezu kuka 1,000 okwedlulele irejista amathani.

ezingeni yohwebo Bahrain

Izwe Bahrain (Capital - Manama) kuyinto umhlanganyeli asebenzayo esikhuluma ngokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke. The main izinto ukuthekelisa zihlanganisa amafutha isimo kanye ne-aluminium. Phakathi main kwezohwebo - Saudi Arabia, India, UAE, Japan. Kungeniswe ku Bahrain uwoyela ongahluziwe ngoba yokucwenga, ama-product ezabathengi nokudla. The main yokungenisa Ozakwethu Saudi Arabia, eJalimane, e-USA, UK. Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Bahrain has omunye umnotho elinabantu abahlukahlukene kunawo wonke endaweni ePersian Gulf. Izinkampani eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe eziphethe bakhangwa ingqalasizinda yayo athuthukile kakhulu kanye nezokuxhumana.

lezomnotho

Umnotho we Bahrain, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, kuncike lamafutha kukhiqizwa. Lokubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuphila kwezomnotho yezwe ukwakhiwa kanye yasebhange. Ekulweni zakamuva Bahrain nge Malaysia I-kwasekuqaleni emhlabeni Islamic. Ngenxa thuthuva yangaphakathi esifundazweni umnotho walo lamfica isimo sokuntenga komnotho ezweni ngo-2011. Ngase hit idumela Bahrain sika njengoba isikhungo sezimali ePersian Gulf. Okwamanje, enye yezinkinga eyinhloko yezwe - inqubomgomo kwezomnotho, okuhloswe ngalo ekubuyiseni ithemba. Futhi, izikweletu zomphakathi iyona ekulweni abangasebenzi, okuyinto akhathalela ngokuyinhloko kwentsha.

Umlando Bahrain lasendulo

isimo Arab Bahrain ku 3rd yeminyaka BC, wayenesifiso impucuko. Kwakuthinta libhekene nemizana enezivikelo eziqinile. Abavubukuli baye bathola ama-Bahrain lasendulo, ngokuthi Dilmun esikhathini eside esidlule, iminonjana khaya indoda Paleolithic. Khona-ke isimo laliyisikhungo elikhulu ukuhweba ngemikhumbi. Imininingwane ngesandla mayelana Dilmun wathola ngesiGreki, Roman nemithombo WasePheresiya. Ekhulwini lesi-4 BC namaPheresiya enqoba Bahrain, 7 - Arabhu. Kugcine elanqoba Bahrain kuze 1541, baze athumba isiPutukezi. NamaPheresiya futhi athumba amazwe lokhu isimo ngo-1602. Kodwa baxoshwa ngu omele lwamakhosi ebusayo sikhathi samanje ngegama Ahmad Ibn Al Khalifa e 1783. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ogwini Bahrain kanye nayo iBritish kuqala ifike kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka baye bazama ukuyibamba amandla ezandleni zabo.

Umzabalazo kutimela kanye ubunikazi

Independence izwe ngokugcwele Bahrain (kumephu indawo yayo enamathiselwe isihloko) labawatfolile esifundvweni 1971. Ngemva kweminyaka engaba yishumi kuya bephazamisa sovereignty of state waphinda waba Iran. Ukuphendula imizamo ukusungula okubhekenwe eGulf of Bahrain bokuphakama zezombusazwe kanye eQatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait futhi Oman sezisungule Cooperation Council ngo-1981. Kuze kube manje, isimo has ubudlelwano obuhle bokwakhelana kanye wonke amazwe yeNhlonhlo Arabhiya. Ukukhethwa kuyinto Qatar, othi esiqhingini Hawar, Bahrain ngocansi, nangokwesinqumo sokwahlulela soMthetho woHulumeni UK ngesikhathi protectorate wakhe phezu kwalawa mazwe amabili. Ukuxazulula ingxabano akukakabi eNkantolo International. Lena imbangela kuba nokungezwani phakathi Bahrain kanye Qatar.

Inqubomgomo lempi yezwe

Lapho uzama ukuthola Bahrain kumephu emhlabeni (zezombusazwe) kungatholakala ukuthi state base esiyinhloko Navy -United States ngo-Gulf. Ukuba khona amabutho ahlomile kuyinto emirate wamukelekile kusukela ngo-1949. Isekelwe ku Bahrain wasemoyeni Melika uye wavumela Government of Bahrain ngo-1990 emva kwempi yama ayehlasela Iraq sika of Kuwait kanye nomsebenzi walo. Lokhu kwaba isizathu ekubhaleni isivumelwano ukuzivikela nokubambisana. Bahrain ngesisekelo yalo, kanye United States uqhuba umzimba ezempi, Melika izimisele isimo Arab ukuletha izikhali kwenzeka okubi kakhulu abukhali izingxabano bemvelo zezombusazwe.

Grand Prix e Bahrain

Ngaleso sikhathi samanje, isimo idume Bahrain yayo International Circuit Sakhir. ukwakhiwa kwalo wethulwa 2002. Njengoba emjahweni kuhlelwe ukuba sifeze izigaba uhlanga "Formula 1" futhi umncintiswano hudula bamabhayisikili abaphambili, iphrojekthi wavusa isithakazelo esikhulu phakathi kwabahlali Bahrain, nabantu bakwamanye amazwe. Grand Prix okokuqala wachitha endleleni ngo-2004. Owinile lokuqala bavela ithrekhi uhlanga, kwaba edume uMichael Schumacher. Ngobusuku obandulela isizini yamahhashi ngo-2010 ukucushwa kwe-track e Bahrain zishintshile. ingxenye entsha ku-pilot uhambo "Umthetho ofingqiwe" ingezwe, nobude ithrekhi uhlanga sisonke waqala ukwenza 6299 amamitha. wesifunda Yakhelwe Hermann Tilke. Izindleko indalo yayo - abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-150 zamaRandi. Autodrome isibe omunye entsha ensimini ka-Asia. Sakhir ithrekhi ku Grand Prix, "Formula 1" lwenziwe izikhathi 9 (idatha ye 2014).