Ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "The Village" ngu-Alexander Pushkin

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ekutadisheni umsebenzi ka-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin indima yakhe ekunyakeni kweDemembrist. Lo msebenzi uboniswe ku-prose kanye nezinkondlo zesilasi saseRashiya. Ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "Village" - enye yemisebenzi eyakhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono ephikisanayo elawula phakathi kwezigaba ezithuthukile nezikhanyisiwe zabantu baseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX - linikeza umbono wemibono namaphupho alo mlobi.

Umlobi kanye namaDecembrists

I-Pushkin yayingelona ilungu lomphakathi oyimfihlo. Ukuze enze lokhu, wayeseziphuthumayo futhi esingaziwayo. Kodwa-ke, kwakungenxa yokudala enye yezinkondlo, ehlanganiswe nethemba lothando lwezinguquko zombuso, ukuthi imbongi yathunyelwa ekuthunjweni.

Ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "The Village", okungeyona isizathu sokuhlala kukaPushkin eMikhailovskoye, iqala ngamanothi athembayo. Umbhali ubiza umzana ukuthi indawo yokuhlala, ukuthula nokuphefumulelwa. Lawa magama anencazelo ejulile, ngoba bekukhona lapho okwakhiwa khona okungazange kungene kuphela emlandweni wezincwadi zesiRashiya, kodwa futhi kwakukhona ithonya elikhulu kuyo. Kodwa nokho ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "Village" kulandela ngoba kubhekisela kulabo abasebenza lapho isihloko esiyinhloko kwakuwumqondo wokuguqulwa komphakathi waseRussia. Imicabango enjalo yaba nendima ebalulekile kulo lonke umsebenzi wembongi.

Umlando wendalo

Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa okufushane kwenkondlo ethi "Village", kufanele sithi amagama ambalwa ngomlando wokubhala kwakhe. Inkondlo yadalwa ngo-1819. Lo nyaka ubhekisela enkathini ephawulwe ngokubamba iqhaza kombongi empilweni yezenhlalakahle zaseRussia. Nakuba ukuxhumana bekusekude.

Isimbongi saya emkhayeni womndeni ngo-1924. Isizathu sokubhekisela kwakuyimisebenzi yothando, kanye nencwadi evuliwe ngamaphoyisa aseMoscow. Kodwa isimo sengqondo, esingahambisani nesimo sezombangazwe esasungulwa kuleli zwe, imbongi yayithathwe iminyaka eminingi. Ngezinye izikhathi wayelokhu ehambela imiphakathi eyimfihlo, lapho ekwazi khona ubuntu obunjalo njengoRyleyev, Lukin, Chaadaev. Njengamalungu ezinhlangano ezifanayo, uPushkin wayengenelisekile ngesakhiwo senhlalo yezwe, ukungabi nenkululeko kwezenhlalakahle nezombusazwe kwabaningi bezakhamuzi zalo, ukungazikholelwa kwesimiso sezenhlalo.

Kufanele kuqondwe ngokujwayelekile ngempande yezifo zenhlalakahle, ezingenakushiya abantu abangenandaba nabangaleso sikhathi, ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "Village." U-Pushkin wayengomunye walabo ababekholelwa ukuthi ukuqedwa kwe-serfdom kwakuyimfuneko yokuguqulwa kwesistimu yezombangazwe yaseRussia.

Isakhiwo senkondlo

Okokuqala, kudingeka uqaphele ukwakheka okungavamile, ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwenkondlo ethi "Village". I-Pushkin yahlukanisa ibe izingxenye ezimbili. Owokuqala ufana ne-idyll yothando. Esesibili yisimemezelo sezombangazwe futhi sihlanganisa ukucela okuthile emandleni.

Isithombe se-Idyllic sempilo yasemaphandleni

Umzana umele ekuqaleni kwenkondlo ngezwe elithile elihle. Kukhona ukuthula nokuthula kulo. Futhi lapha ukuthi i-hero ephetheyo ithola inkululeko engokomoya futhi iyazinikela emsebenzini wokudala.

Kufanele uqaphele izithombe zezobuciko, wenze ukuhlaziywa okufushane kwenkondlo ethi "Village". I-Pushkin isebenzisa izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi "imifula ekhanyayo", "ingadi emnyama ene-coolness nezimbali", "amasimu anemibala." Emigqeni yokuqala yomsebenzi kukhona imizwelo yothando, eyenza isithombe sokuthula nokuthula. Futhi isici esihluke ngokuphelele sempilo yasemzaneni sikholwa engxenyeni yesibili.

Isithombe se-Disharmonious sokuphila komuzi

Isimo sengqondo esingenakulinganiswa somlobi singazizwa, uma ufunde ngokucophelela izingxenye eziyinhloko nezokugcina zomsebenzi futhi usuvele usebenzise ukuhlaziywa jikelele kwenkondlo ethi "Village". A. I-Pushkin inabo ilahla ukungalungi kobudlelwane bezenhlalakahle. Uveza ukungabi nabulungiswa kwabanikazi bezindlu kanye nesimo sokungaboni kahle, esingalungile lapho ingxenye enkulu yabantu baseRussia khona. Futhi lapha kakade kunezithombe ezihluke ngokuphelele: "udlame olusendle", "ubugqila besikhumba".

Qhathanisa

Izingxenye zokuqala nezesibili zalokhu msebenzi wezinkondlo ziqhathanisa ngokubambisana nomunye nomunye. Ekuqaleni kwenkondlo umlobi wenza isithombe esihle kakhulu, kodwa abuyisela umfundi ebubini obunzima. Ngokusebenzisa umehluko, u-Pushkin wakwazi ukuveza umqondo oyinhloko womsebenzi wakhe, oqukethe umbono obalulekile ngobubi nokungalungi kwe-serfdom.

Izindlela zobuciko

Ngenkathi ihlaziya inkondlo ethi "Village", umuntu kufanele futhi anake amathuluzi olimi achazayo ngokucacile. I-Pushkin yayisebenzisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ingxenye yokuqala igcwele ukuthula. Inkulumo lapha ibushelelezi futhi inobungane. Ukukhetha ngokucophelela ama-epithets, imbongi ihambisa yonke imibala ubuhle bezwe lasemaphandleni. Isimo sothando sithathwa ngenxa yezinkulumo ezinjengokuthi "izitshalo zemimoya", "ukuthula kwamasimu".

Engxenyeni yesibili, i-intonation ishintsha. Inkulumo iyakhathazeka kakhulu. Isimbongi sichaza ama-epithets aqinile. Umlobi wagcwalisa imigqa yokugcina ngezimangalo nemibuzo ephathelene nemibuzo. Kubonakala sengathi baqinisekisa ukuthi i-heroic lyric ayifuni ukubekezelela inhlangano yomphakathi ayiyingxenye yayo.

Umqondo oyinhloko wenkondlo

Isimbongi sasifuna isipho sakhe sezinkondlo ngethonya ngandlela-thile izingqondo zalabo abazitholela izigidi zabantu abaphila ngezindlela ezivamile. Uthemba ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe izoba nendima encane ekubuyiseleni ubulungiswa. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, uPushkin waqonda ukuthi kwakungeke kwenzeke ukushintsha umhlaba ube ngcono, ngisho nangethalenta elikhulu lobuciko. Ngakho-ke, enkondlweni yakhe, ubuza ukuthi uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi "ukukhanya okusahle" kuyakuvuka kanjani, futhi njengokungathi akathembi ukuthola impendulo yalo mbuzo.

Ekudaleni lo msebenzi, imbongi ingabaza ukuthi kunamandla angakwazi ukunqoba intando yeningi. Kodwa nokho kukhona ukukholwa okubuthakathaka eqinisweni lokuthi phakathi kwamandla alo mhlaba kuyoba khona abantu abanengqondo futhi baqede ukuhlupheka kwalabo ababenecala kuphela ukuthi bazalwa ngaphandle kwamalungelo ezinceku.