Imfundo:Imfundo yesikole kanye nezikole

Uphi i-Peninsula yaseTaz?

Izwe laseRussia lihlukile. Ngasenyakatho ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle i-permafrost ibusa, eningizimu emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo nakusihlwa ebusika izinga lokushisa lisehla ngaphansi kwe-zero. Isifunda ngasinye siyingqayizivele futhi sihle ngendlela yaso, ngalunye ungathola okuningi okuthakazelisayo nokungabonakali, futhi yonke indawo abantu bahlala khona.

Isifunda saseTazovsky, isifunda sasePurovsky (inhlonipho yaseYamal) yindawo ehleliwe, lapho abantu bendawo kuphela abahlala khona . Izinkampani ezihamba phambili zaseRussia zikhiqiza ama-hydrocarboni kulezi zifunda, zinikezela abantu basekhaya, futhi ziheha izinkulungwane zabantu abakhuthele ezindaweni ezihamba phambili. Lesi sifundazwe sihlola, sithola futhi sithuthukisa amadiphozi amasha. Isiqhingi saseTaz, esitholakala ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle, sasingekho.

I-Yamal

Inhlonipho yaseYamal isendaweni ye-Arctic engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Plain enkulu kunazo zonke eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Indawo yayo ingaphezu kuka-769,000 km2. Iningi lalo lingaphezu kwe-Arctic Circle. Ekuhunyushweni kolimi lwe-Nenets, igama lisho ukuthi "Umkhawulo Womhlaba", ohambisana nendawo.

Engxenyeni yayo kukhona amachibi angaphezu kuka-300 ezinkulungwane nemifula engamakhulu angu-48 kanye nama-rivulets. Ingxenye yendawo igxilile, nakuba ukudonsa kwenzeka kuphela ehlobo. Isimo sezulu lapha sikhulu kakhulu, sezwekazi elibukhali. Ngaphandle kwama-cyclone abandayo abandayo kanye ne-air mass ezivela ePacific nase-Atlantic, isimo sezulu sithinteka yi-permafrost futhi siseduze ne-Kara Sea eqhwayo, eyanqamula ezweni. Ubusika eYamal buhlala ezinyangeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, i-thermometer ingadonsa ibe ngaphansi kwezingu-59 degrees. Isilinganiso sokushisa saminyaka yonke sihlala ngaphansi kwe-zero.

Kodwa ihlobo lapha lincane futhi libandayo, nakuba ngezinsuku ezithile izinga lokushisa lingakhuphukela ku-30. Kuyo yonke insimu lapho kutholakala khona inkungu, ikakhulukazi ekwindla. Ngokuvamile kukhona iziphepho zamagnetic, ezihambisana nezibani ezisenyakatho. Izinsuku ze-polar nobusuku nazo ziyizici zalezi zindawo.

Ulwazi lwendawo

Inhlonipho yaseTaz itholakala ekugcineni kweNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Ebalazweni ingatholakala phakathi kweTazovskaya ne-Obskaya Bay. Ekude, ithambe cishe amakhilomitha angu-200, inebubanzi obuphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-100. I-flat surface ikhona, ephakeme phezu kolwandle ngamakhilomitha angu-100. Imifino epulazini isici se-tundra. Imisipha kanye nama-lichens ikakhulukazi, kanye nezihlahla. Insimu yonke iminyene iminyango, eminingi yayo ejulile. Kukhona namachibi amaningi namaxhaphozi lapha. Isiqhingi sisendaweni ye-permafrost, lapho umhlabathi ukhululeka khona amamitha amaningi futhi ngisho nangaphansi kwehlobo elincane elipholile lehlobo elingaphakathi kwengxenye yemitha. Zonke lezi zici zithinta izitshalo nezilwane.

Ukuhlala eTazovsky

Isizinda sendawo yesifunda saseTazovsky yilapho idolobhana elifanayo. Itholakala ngamakhilomitha angu-200 enyakatho ye-Arctic Circle. Ephakathi nendawo yesifunda, idolobha lase Salekhard, emanzini - 986 km, emoyeni - 552 km. Ngaphambi kweTyumen, umgwaqo wamanzi uhamba ngamakhilomitha angu-2755, futhi umoya womoya u-1341 km. E-230 km ukusuka emzaneni kukhona isiteshi sesitimela iKorotchaevo. E-Tazovsky kunabantu abangu-7339.

Ngokuphelele, isifunda sinemikhakha engu-11 nezinyathelo zokuphatha ezingu-5. Inhlonipho yaseTazovsky inomsebenzi womoya, kukhona umgwaqo omusha. Ingqalasizinda isungulwe. Lezi zinqubo zenza kube lula ukuhlinzeka inhlonipho ye-Taz, inani labantu namabhizinisi nakho konke okudingekayo. Endaweni kukhona iminyuziyamu, isikole somculo kanye nesikole sobuciko bezingane, imilabhu kanye nezinye izikhungo zamasiko. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bobabili bendawo kanye nama-oilmen afike ekuhlakuleleni imithombo yamaminerali ecebile angasebenzisa isikhathi sabo sokuphumula, bese izingane zabo zithola imfundo ephelele.

Isizinda semlando

Izinkambo zokuqala enqabeni yaseTaz zaqala ukuhlonywa nguhulumeni waseMbusweni waseRussia ngekhulu le-16. Emfuleni, okuthiwa iNenets Tasu-Yam-yaha, idolobha elincane lokudayisa lakhiwa, kamuva labizwa ngeZlatokipyaschaya Mangazeya.

AmaPomor kanye namaCosacks afika kulezi zindawo cishe inyanga emifuleni, ehlinzeka ngamalungiselelo, uphethiloli nezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Imikhumbi ebuyela emuva ilayishwe izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ezibalulekile. Kuze kube ngu-80 000 umsila womsila owafika kumgcinimafa wamakhosi walezi zifunda. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, izakhamuzi azange zifune ukubambisana, futhi izimo zemikhankaso zazizinzima kakhulu. Ngokushesha bakhohlwa ngoMangasee kwaze kwaba phakathi nekhulu le-18. Ngo-1852, ukuhlala kuqala kukaHalmer-Sede kubhalisiwe, okusho ukuthi "Amathuna eNtabeni". Iqiniso liwukuthi lisekelwe egqumeni lapho kwakukhona khona amathuna aseNenet endala. Futhi futhi izinqola ezinezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi zihanjelwe ezifundeni eziphakathi zezwe.

Iminyaka Yamandla Soviet

Lapho amaBolshevik eqala ukubusa, isifunda saseMamal-Nenets Autonomous sasungulwa, lapho isifunda saseTazovsky singena khona. Lapha kwakhiwe isakhiwo sezinhlanzi, ichweba lomfula nesiphephelo, iziteshi zezokwelapha, izikole nezinye izakhiwo zavulwa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesifunda kwakuyizimboni zezinhlanzi nezinyama. Lesi yisikhathi lapho inhlonipho yaseTazovsky (eRussia) ikhula khona ngokushesha.

Kwafunyanwa ama-60s ekhulwini lokugcina emathunjini aseMamal hydrocarbon deposits. Ukukhiqizwa okusebenzayo kwamafutha negesi, ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kwendawo yonke kwaqala. Lesi siqondiso sesiphelile futhi sisalokhu sifuna kuqala. Manje izinkampani zikawoyela ezinkulu kunazo zonke zezwe zihlola futhi zikhiqiza igolide elimanzi kulezi zingxenye, ziheha izinkulungwane zabantu abasebenza ezindaweni ezikude.

I-flora nezilwane

Isimo sezulu seTain Peninsula sinzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke imifino nezilwane eziningi zonyaka zincane. Kodwa lapho kufika izinkomo ezimfushane zasehlobo zezinyoni ezifudukayo lapha zihamba lapha, eziletha inzalo kulokhu okubonakala kungakulungele umhlaba wokuphila. Eziningi zezinyoni, ukuhlala nokuhlala lapha, zihlelwe eNcwadini Ebomvu futhi azitholakali kwenye indawo.

Imifino ilawulwa yi-mosses nama-lichens, ama-reindeer, izihlahla ezinamahlathi, izihlahla. Izwe lesilwane limelelwa izilwane ezithwele izinwele, okuyizinto zokuzingela abazingeli nabazingeli. Naphezu kokudlulelwa kwe-peninsula nokubunzima kwezimo zezulu, kuneziningi ezifisa ukuzithola ezinhlathini noma ezinhlanzi ezibalulekile.

Inani lendawo

Inhlonipho yaseTaz, inani labantu elimelelwa yizizwe ezingu-36 ezihlukene, lihlukaniswa nenani elincane labantu abahlala khona. Abaningi babo bangabantu baseNenets bomdabu, bonke abanye bangamafutha kanye nama-geologists abavela eziqhingini ezahlukene zezwe.

Ama-aborigines angamaqaba, akhulekela unkulunkulu ophakeme kaNum kanye nenkosi yezwe elingaphansi kweNi. Kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni, amasiko okhokho asuswa ngokucophelela. Isimo sezulu sesinhlobonhlobo sikulungele ukuzalanisa ama-reindeer, futhi abantu bomdabu bahlanganyela kakhulu kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi. Bona, kanye nemfuyo, bahamba ngezinyawo ezinkulu zeYamal, abahlala esiqhumeni, benza izingubo ezikhumba zezilwane. Futhi i-Nenets ingabazingeli abanekhono nabadobi.

Izihlahla ezinzima ezikhulayo kulezi zinto ziyizinto zokukhulekela, amagatsha awo ahlotshiswe ngamabhande ngamadoda afika ukuthandaza acele isibusiso esivela emoyeni. Ukuqaphela amasiko anjalo akusho neze ukuthi abantu abalazi. Izingane zifunda ezikoleni zokugibela, futhi ngemva kokushiya esikoleni zikhetha indlela yazo.

Inhlonipho yaseTazovsky, esithombeni sayo sibonakala ngobuhle bemvelo ye-tundra, ehamba ngamakhilomitha amaningi, iqhutshwe kahle futhi ihlalwe kahle. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu okusebenzayo nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kwenziwa.

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