I-Bellingshausen - imfumbe yolwandle: incazelo, incazelo, isifundo

ULwandle lwaseBellingshausen olwandle lwasePacific luyonke eningizimu ye-Arctic Circle, ngokushelela futhi luqhekeze ingxenye yalo eningizimu nasogwini lwase-Antarctic, futhi luhlala engxenyeni enkulu kakhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga yomzimba omkhulu wamanzi. Umngcele osenyakatho unomgomo futhi uvulekele emanzini asePacific Ocean.

Incazelo emfushane

ELwandle lwaseBellingshausen, isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke, phakathi kweziqhingi zezilwandle zase-Antarctic, i-Alexander I Island. Umzila ogwini untaba futhi ugcwele amaqhwa. Usosayensi wavula ulwandle, elibizwa ngegama lakhe - iBellingshausen. Umgibeli wasoBaltic German evela emndenini ohloniphekile.

Umthamo wezwekazi ukhulu kakhulu futhi ububanzi beshalofu buqala kusukela kumamitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-5, kancane kancane udlula emgodini omncane wolwandle nge-3200 m ukujula, ukujula kunyuke ekuqondeni kolwandle futhi kufinyelela ku-4470 m.

Isici esikhangayo salezi zindawo umoya ongcono ngokuhlanzeka nokuhlanza kanye nesibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi ezicacile futhi ezijulile.

Ukuphumula nomndeni akufanelekile kule ndawo, kodwa kukhona inombolo ehloniphekile ye-ejenti yokuhamba enikeza uhambo olwandle kulabo abafisa ukuvakashela izindawo ezinhle kangaka. Izinkampani ezihamba phambili zijabule ukukhuluma kabanzi ngale ndawo yamanzi, kanti olunye ulwazi oluthinta kakhulu lungatholakala kulesi sihloko esifushane.

Izimo zezulu

Ngisho nokubiza amagama athi "i-Antarctica", "umbuthano we-polar", "i-Bellingshausen olwandle", "i-iceberg" kuletha ukuhlanzeka nokupholisa, kodwa okunjalo yiqiniso elibi lemozulu kulezi zindawo. I-Bellingshausen ulwandle oluye lwafakwa cishe cishe unyaka wonke neqhwa cishe ngokuphelele, ngehlobo kuphela, futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela ngoFebruwari kuya kuNcwaba, amanzi alo eduze nendawo evulekile yolwandle akhululiwe ekhuphuzweni seqhwa. Bacebile ngeqhwa eliqhakazile ne-icebergs, ngezinye izikhathi lifinyelela esayizi elikhulu.

Isimo sezulu sinzima kakhulu. Umoya onyaka wonke ngaphezu kolwandle ulawulwa yizixuku zomoya ezivela ezweni lase-Antarctica, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa ezinyangeni zasebusika kusuka ku -12 ⁰ C phezu kwesiqhingi sikaPeter I, -20 ⁰ C ogwini oluseningizimu (izindinganiso eziphambili -30 ⁰ C enyakatho kuya ku -42 ⁰ C eningizimu Izingxenye zolwandle). Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zasehlobo ziba yi-0 kuya ku-4 ⁰ C ngoJanuwari futhi zivela ku- ^{0 0} C kuya ku- -6 ⁰ C ngoFebhuwari, okuchazwa yi-air exchange ephansi ne-Pacific air masses. I-Bellingshausen - olwandle, okushisa kwamanzi ebusika cishe kuwo wonke amanzi endaweni engezansi kweqhwa, kuphela ezinyangeni zasehlobo isendlalelo esiphezulu "sivuselela" kuya ku-degrees -1. Ubuningi bamanzi lungaba ngu-34 ppm.

I-Flora

Izitshalo nezilwane zalezi zindawo ngenxa yezimo ezinzima zezulu zincane kakhulu. Kusukela ezihlahleni ezisemhlabeni engxenyeni esenyakatho yesiqhingi sasePeter the Great, esiteshini, izingxenye ezingekho emhlabathini zalokhu kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinsizane nezinkohliso. I-Bellingshausen iyilwandle, izimila ezisenyakatho eziqukethe i-phytoplankton nezinhlobo eziningana ze-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Imfuyo

Imfuyo icebile kakhulu, abameleli abahlala ogwini nasemanzini ahlangene. Kusukela ezincelweni ezifuywayo lapha ungahlangana ehlobo ingwe yolwandle, indlovu yolwandle , i-crab polar (seal), uphawu lwe-sea, uphawu lukaWadell. Ekujuleni kolwandle kunamapongipi nezinye izinhlobo ze-echinoderms, imindeni eminingi yezinhlanzi, isibonelo, i-Notothenia. Ingxenye evulekile yolwandle engxenyeni esenyakatho icebile i-krill ne-zooplankton, eheha izinyoni. Lawa "madlelo" awakhiwe: i-seyval, i-backpack, i-fin whale, kukhona futhi omelele kunazo zonke futhi onamandla kakhulu emhlabeni wezilwane emhlabeni wethu - i-blue whale. Umphakathi wamasheya uboniswa ngamapulangwe nama-skuas, kuma-penguins asekhaya. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini, izidleke eziningi zamapulangwe, ama-polar terns kanye nesidleke sase-Vilsen.

Ubani otholile iBellingshausen Sea?

Inhlonipho yokutholakala kwe-Antarctica yilezi zihambeli ezidume futhi ezikhazimulayo zaseRussia kanye nomhloli wezinhloli uFF Bellingshausen. Futhi ngaphambi kwakhe kwakukhona imizamo eminingi yokufinyelela eningizimu yaseningizimu, engazange ibe yimpumelelo. KwakunguBellingshausen, ngokomyalelo ka-Emperor Alexander l, ngokubambisana noMP. I-Lazarev kulezi zingu-20 zangekhulu le-XIX emikhumbi emibili , engahambisani nokuhamba kweqhwa, yahamba. UBellingshausen wayengowokuqala ukufika enyakatho ye-Antarctic. Waqhuba izifundo eziningi zomhlaba ogwini, wenza izinto eziningi ezitholakala ensimini ye-geography kanye ne-hydrology. Usosayensi wakwazi ukuthola ukuthi iLwandle iBellingshausen liphi futhi likhombisa izixhumanisi zayo eziqondile. Igama lomhambi omkhulu nososayensi lingafihliwe emabalazweni aseMhlaba. Igama lakhe ulwandle olusogwini lwase-Antarctica, iziqhingi ezimbili ePacific nase-Atlantic Ocean, i-cape e-Sakhalin, i-shelf e-Antarctic. Igama leBellingshausen yiyona yokuqala yeSoviet, futhi manje isiRashiya, isiteshi sokucwaninga kwizwekazi elibandayo.

Ukuzijabulisa nokuSayensi

I-Bellingshausen yilwandle, okungenzeka ukuthi iyamangalisa, kodwa maduzane iye yakhanga abavakashi. Ikakhulukazi esiqhingini sasePetra l. Abashayeli bezokuvakasha base-Argentina naseNew Zealand bahlela ngokuzithandela izinkambo kubalandeli bokuzilibazisa ngokweqile, behambisa abantu ekuhambeni kwabo kulezi zindlela zokuhamba emikhumbi yeklasi lase-Antarctic. Kuningi okushiwo ukuthi isikhathi sonke kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2006 kubandakanya abantu abangaba ngu-400 kuphela, futhi eminyakeni elandelayo inani labavakashi lavakashele lapha lidlula abantu abangu-2000.

Ukubaluleka kocwaningo lwesayensi e-Antarctic, ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni kwezinkinga zezulu nezokufudumala kwezwe, nakho kuyanciphisa.