"I-Belomorkanal" - ugwayi ophuma e-USSR

"I-Belomorkanal" (ugwayi), isithombe esivela phambi kwakho, saziwa kubo bonke abantu abaphila ngesikhathi soSoviet Union. Abacwaningi bajwayelene nalokhu mkhiqizo kagwayi, kodwa eziningana kusuka ngaphesheya. Ngokushesha nje lapho bebiza ugwayi walo mkhiqizo - uBelomor, uBelomor Camel, uBel Amur Chanel ... Baboshelwa yilowo nalowo wesithathu ukubhema kweSoviet, okwakungumuthi owedume kakhulu weSoviet, owawukuyo yonke indawo: emashalofini ezitolo, ngamahlaya, Amabhayisikobho ... Leli gama elihlonishwa kakhulu emlandweni wokukhiqiza ugwayi ngesikhathi saSoviet. Ebonakala ezintweni ezikude, "iBelomor" iyaqhubeka ikhiqizwa ezinsukwini zethu - kokubili njengogwayi kanye nemikhumbuzo.

Umlando wendalo

Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, uJoseph Stalin wasusa ibhizinisi elizimele futhi wenza isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni. Lokhu kuguquka kwakubuhlungu kubantu futhi kwahambisana nokuthunjwa nokubulawa. Ukuze izakhamizi zaseSoviet zisebenze ngokuphumelelayo, i-propaganda yayisetjenteni eliphezulu kakhulu kuleli zwe. Inkathi yezakhiwo ezinkulu yaboniswa kukho konke. Benziwa amafilimu, izincwadi ezibhalwe phansi, zakha izinkondlo, izingoma, futhi zize zabizwa ngokuthi lezi zinhlelo ezinkulu, zibiza ugwayi.

Enye yezinhlelo ezinkulu kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kweChry Sea-Baltic Canal (BBK). Ukuze kusetshenziswe lokhu, ukwakhiwa kwakudingeka izimali eziningi, kodwa uStalin, ukuze anqume izindleko, iziboshwa ezisetshenziswa njengezikhwama zamahhala. Kwakungekho isidingo sokukhokha laba bantu, futhi inani alizange liyeke. Ngokusho kwamaqiniso athembekile, kwaziwa ukuthi inani elikhulu labantu lashona ekwakhiweni kweCanal Sea Canal (ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kusukela ku-60 kuya ku-180 000).

Nakuba le phrojekthi enamandla yathatha ukuphila kwabantu abaningi, abantu baseSoviet bawubona njengokunqoba kwe-USSR, beqinisekisa isimo sezwe elikhulu. Umshini omusha othi "iBelomorkanal" (ugwayi) ube nempumelelo emangalisayo. Imikhiqizo yogwayi enegama elihle kangaka seliba uphawu lweqhawe lomsebenzi kanye nokwakhiwa okukhulu. Ukukhululwa kwe "Belomor" kwakusesikhathini nje, ama-cigaretti aqinile futhi aphansi ayesehlile enhliziyweni yabantu bonke, babebhema njengabahlakaniphile nabasebenzi abalula.

Incazelo

Ukuklama kwepakethe kwakuyisihluthulelo sokwamukela umkhiqizo. Ekudalweni kwayo, abaculi basefektri ye-Uritsky bathatha iqhaza. Abanye abantu bayaqiniseka ukuthi isithombe esikhwameni asikaze sishintshe, kodwa akunjalo. Kusukela ekuqaleni, libonise ingxenye yebalazwe laseYurophu namafutha asebekwe eceleni i-Belomorkanal kanye nemigqa emincane yeziteshi zangaphandle. Kamuva, isithombe esikhwameni sashintsha, sashiya i-Soviet Russia futhi senezela esiteshini esichazwe "emgwaqweni" wamanzi okuthiwa iMoscow ne-Volga-Don. Ubukhulu bephakethe lanamuhla liyi-82 x 83 x 23 mm.

Ekukhiqizeni ugwayi, umkhono uqala ukukhiqizwa, bese ugwayi ugcwele kuwo. Ubuningi bokupakisha buphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yalokhu, ugwayi awugculwanga nhlobo. Kunombono wokuthi ububanzi begwayi "Belomorkanal" (7.62 mm) yenzelwe ukuze, uma kunesidingo, kungenzeka ukuba ukhiqize ama-cartridges kumashini afanayo. Ukubona okude kakhulu akuzange kubonakalise noma ubani okwamanje, ama-Soviet "cartridges" amanye ama-soviet akhiqizwa ngobubanzi obufanayo.

"Belomorkanal" (ugwayi): ukwakheka

Imishanguzo embonini kagwayi yayingahloswe ngabahlakaniphileyo ababuthakathaka, kodwa kubasebenzi abaqinile nabanamandla, nakuba, njengoba sekushiwo, babebhema bobabili. "I-Belomorkanal" - ugwayi unamandla kakhulu, owenziwe ngogwayi ohlanzekile ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwama-flavorings. Iyunithi ngayinye iqukethe u-30-35 mg we-resin kanye no-1.5-1.8 mg we-nicotine.

Ugwayi weBelomorkanal: ukukhiqizwa

Ukwakhiwa kwaqalwa yinkosi i-Ionidi. Ngokwezinga elithile, waxuba izinhlobo zezinhlayiya zaseMoldova nase-Azerbaijan. Ukukhululwa "i-Belomorkanal" (ugwayi) kwaqala ngo-1937 eLeningrad, ifoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Uritsky.

Namuhla, ukukhiqiza kwabo kuyaqhubeka e-factory yase-Uritsky yangaphambili (Petro LLC). Umkhiqizo owaziwayo awunawo umnikazi othile, ngakho-ke noma ubani angakhipha ugwayi. Isibonelo, ngo-2011, ifoni "Donskoy Tabak" ikhishwe "i-Belomorkanal" ebhokisini lesimbi elihle eliphotshiwe ngesipho.

Ngokwesiko, ukukhiqizwa kukagwayi kudinga umsebenzi osebenzayo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ezikhathini zethu zanamuhla ukukhiqizwa okunjalo kuthathwa njengenzuzo.

"Belomorkanal": intengo nekhwalithi

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, abathungi bangempela bazo zonke izenzo zokuhlukumezeka bangakwazi ukuphuza imimoya engabizi futhi bashiye ugwayi ophansi futhi onamandla. Kubonakala kuthengiswa eshibhile futhi kuqinile "i-Belomor" ngesikhathi esisodwa ithola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabantu abangekho. Lokhu akumangazi, intengo yalokho injabulo yayincanyana uma iqhathaniswa neminye imikhiqizo kagwayi.

Kamuva "i-Belomorkanal" yahlanganiswa nayo yonke inkulumo edumile: "Umusi we-Fatherland, onomnandi futhi omuhle." Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezi ziyi-cigarettes ekilasini lesihlanu. Babuye baziqhenya ngokuthi, ngezindleko ezincane, leli phakethe "ligcinwe" hhayi 20, njengokujwayelekile, kodwa liphelele, ligcwele ugwayi oqinile, imikhono yamaphepha. "I-Belomor" yi-cigarettes enamandla kunazo zonke, okusho ukuthi ayinakulinganiswa nempilo yabo.

Umkhiqizo ezweni lanamuhla

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi badumisa kangakanani "iBelomorkanal" (ugwayi), ezweni lanamuhla lokuncintisana okukhulu futhi ukuhlukahluka kwemikhiqizo kagwayi, kokubili abafuywayo nabangaphandle, sekulahlekelwe ukuthandwa kwayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo kagwayi evela e-USSR iyadingeka phakathi kwezivakashi njengesikhumbuzo senkathi yeSoviet. Izivakashi zethu zivame ukuthatha nabo lapho beya eYurophu.

Ngokwezibalo, u-4% kuphela wezingcingo ezimhlophe ezithengiswayo ezisetshenziselwa ukubhema. Ama-96% asele athengwa ngenxa yecala lokubhema, lapho kulula khona ukushintsha okuqukethwe.

Umkhiqizo owaziwayo uye wazama izikhathi eziningi ngabakhiqizi begwayi zokuhlunga kanye nabakhiqizi be-vodka. Le mizamo yahluleka ukuphumelela, "i-Belomorkanal" yangempela yahlala nje ugwayi.